Name
Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 25-1
DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using the
words in the box. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
October 29
stock exchange
Great Depression
16 million shares
borrowed money
October 21
Bonus Army
public works
October 24
one-third
on margin
automobile
Farm
foreign
railroad
25 percent
The Stock Market
A (1)
is an organized system for buying and selling shares in corporations.
(2)
. Stock prices began to fall in September 1929 and declined steadily until
(3)
. Panicked sellers sold almost 13 million shares on Black Thursday,
(4)
. On Tuesday, (5)
, the crisis worsened. By the end of the day,
had changed hands, and stock prices had plummeted.
SECTION
more than (6)
25-1
Many investors lacked the money to continue purchasing stock, so they bought
The Great Depression
During the next two years the United States slid into a severe economic crisis
called the (7)
. The stock market crash was not the only cause. (8)
income shrank throughout the decade. The textile, lumber, mining, and (9)
industries also declined. The (10)
and construction industries suffered from
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
lagging orders. As a result, employers cut wages and laid off workers. In 1929 less
than 1 percent of the population owned nearly (11)
(12)
of the country’s wealth.
fueled much of the economy in the 1920s. Many small banks suffered
when farmers defaulted on their loans. American economic weakness also weakened
(13)
economies. By 1932, (14)
of American workers were out of work.
Hoover and the Crisis
In 1931 President Herbert Hoover authorized additional federal spending on
(15)
. In 1932, Congress created the (16)
When the (17)
to lend money to businesses.
marched on Washington in the summer of 1932 to demand
the money promised to them, Hoover responded by calling in the army.
61
Name
★
Date
Class
Enrichment Activity 25-1
★
★
The Economy
in 1931? Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
In 1937? 2. By about how much did farm foreclosures drop between 1933 and 1935?
3. In the same year that about 8 million
people were unemployed, what was the
number of farm foreclosures and defaults?
Number of People (in millions)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1929 1931 1933 1935 1937
Year
25-1
SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States.
Farm Foreclosures and
Defaults, 1929–1937
SECTION
DIRECTIONS: Interpreting Line Graphs
Use the line graphs to answer the
following questions.
1. How many people were not employed
Unemployment, 1929–1937
Number of Farms (in thousands)
In the 1920s confidence in the American
economy was at an all-time high. During the
Roaring Twenties, people invested in the
stock market at a dizzying speed, sometimes
investing their whole life savings. Then, in
October 1929, the United States’s golden era
of prosperity came to a disastrous halt when
the stock market crashed. Investors lost billions as the value of stocks plummeted. For
the next two years, the economic decline
continued as the country slid into the era
known as the Great Depression.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1929 1931 1933 1935 1937
Year
SOURCE: Agricultural Statistics, 1941. U.S. Department
of Agriculture.
4. How many more people were unemployed in 1937 than in 1929? 5. Based on the graphs, what was the worst year of the Great Depression? 6. Which years showed the sharpest rise in unemployment? In farm foreclosures and defaults? DIRECTIONS: Making a Graph Choose one area of the economy
from a recent 10-year time period. Draw a line graph to show the
changes that occurred during this period. Then create two or three questions to
accompany your graph and exchange graphs and questions with a partner.
69
Name
Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 25-2
DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the
questions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.
1. When did Franklin D. Roosevelt’s political career begin? 2. As governor of New York, whose advice did FDR draw on to develop
relief programs for the state? 3. What condition was the nation’s banking system in when Roosevelt became
president in 1933? 4. When did Roosevelt say that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”?
5. What did Roosevelt do two days after his inauguration? 6. What were Roosevelt’s informal radio talks to the nation called? SECTION
7. What came to be called the Hundred Days? 25-2
8. What areas did the New Deal laws affect? 9. How many people did the Civilian Conservation Corps employ over 10 years?
10. Whom did Roosevelt appoint to head the Federal Emergency Relief
Administration? Tennessee River? 13. What programs did the NIRA create? 14. What did Congress establish to insure bank deposits? 15. What did Congress set up to enforce the law regulating the sale of stocks
and bonds? 62
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
11. What were the goals of the AAA? 12. What program aimed to control flooding by building dams along the
Name
Date
Class
★ Reteaching Activity 25-2
DIRECTIONS: Completing a Chart Use the chart below to review the programs
established during Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. For each item abbreviation
listed in the chart, write the full name of the program and its purpose.
The New Deal
Program Initials
Full Name
Aims/Purposes
CCC
FERA
AAA
SECTION
TVA
25-2
NIRA
NRA
FDIC
SEC
DIRECTIONS: Essay On a separate sheet of paper, answer the questions below.
What did the TVA accomplish? Why was it criticized?
66
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
PWA
aran-0415ir
11/15/01
2:34 PM
Page 74
Name
Date
CHAPTER
15
OUTLINE MAP
Section 5
Anatomy of the Tennessee
Valley Authority
A. Review the map of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) on textbook pages
520–521. Then, on the accompanying map, locate the same 11 states found on the
textbook map and add the following bodies of water, cities, and dams.
Bodies of Water
Cumberland R.
Kentucky Lake
Mississippi R.
Ohio R.
Tennessee R.
Cities
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Paducah
Dams
Chickamauga Dam
Fort Loudoun Dam
Guntersville Dam
Kentucky Dam
Nickajack Dam
B. After completing the map, use it to answer the following questions.
1. Use the scale bar to estimate both the east–west and north–south distances of
the area served by the TVA. ______________________________________________________
2. Which states does the TVA serve? ________________________________________________
3. The Tennessee River begins at Knoxville. Which is the first dam on the river? the
4. Which is the first dam encountered after Chattanooga?
______________________________
5. How many dams does the Tennessee River have? ____________________________________
6. Describe the journey that a molecule of water at the Tennessee River’s source
takes to reach Memphis. ________________________________________________________
74 Unit 4, Chapter 15
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
last dam? the southernmost? ____________________________________________________
100 Kilometers
100 Miles
City
Dam
Name
0
0
2:34 PM
Region served by the TVA
Tennessee River watershed
11/15/01
N
Anatomy of the Tennessee Valley Authority
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
aran-0415ir
Page 75
Anatomy of the Tennessee Valley Authority continued
The New Deal 75
Name
Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 25-3
DIRECTIONS: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the
information under the heading to help you write each answer. Use another sheet
of paper if necessary.
I. Hard Times in America
A. Introduction—How many men abandoned their homes? B. Women Go to Work—Who was Frances Perkins? II. The Dust Bowl
A. What Caused the Dust Bowl?—What happened after farmers in the southern
Great Plains cleared millions of acres of sod for wheat farming? Depression? B. Native Americans—Who was John Collier? C. Hispanics—Why did 500,000 Mexican immigrants leave the United States
during the early years of the Great Depression? IV. Radical Political Movements
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A. How did socialists and Communists view the Great Depression? B. What political philosophy that advocates government by dictatorship caught
the attention of Americans during the Great Depression? V. Entertainment and the Arts
A. Escaping Troubled Times—What types of radio programs were popular
during the Great Depression? B. Images of Despair—Who wrote Native Son? 63
SECTION
workers? III. The Plight of Minorities
A. African Americans—How were African Americans in the South affected by the
25-3
B. Leaving Home—How many farmers migrated to California to become migrant
Document Based Assessments
Name _______________________________________________________
The Dust Bowl
1. Which states suffered the worst drought?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. What states were included in the Dust Bowl?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Why would overgrazing by cattle and sheep along with over cultivation and drought make the
Great Plains vulnerable to dust storms?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The dust bowl exodus was the largest migration in American history. By the end of the 1930s,
2.5 million people had moved out of the plains states. If you had lived in the plains during that
time, where would you have migrated to and why?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
#3935 Exploring History—The Great Depression
64
©Teacher Created Materials, Inc.
Name
Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 25-4
DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer the
questions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.
1. What three critics of Franklin D. Roosevelt gained popularity with schemes to
help the average American? 2. How did the Revenue Act of 1935 bring in more government funds?
3. When did Roosevelt launch the Second New Deal? 4. What percentage of the workforce was unemployed in 1935? 5. What did Congress create in April 1935? 6. Whom did the Social Security Act help? SECTION
7. Where was the sit-down strike first used? 8. Who was the most influential labor leader during the 1930s? What new union
25-4
did he form in 1934? 9. What act guaranteed workers the right to form unions to bargain collectively
with employers? 10. What two things did the Fair Labor Standards Act do? 11. Why did the Supreme Court strike down the National Industrial Recovery Act
and the Agricultural Adjustment Act? 13. How did FDR attempt to prevent the Supreme Court from undoing the New Deal?
14. Why did FDR cut spending on relief and job programs in 1937? 15. What was the economic downturn of 1937 and 1938 called? How did FDR
reverse it?
64
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
12. Who were FDR’s main supporters in the 1936 election? Name
★
Date
Class
Enrichment Activity 25-4
★
★
Paychecks
DIRECTIONS:
Interpreting a Table
Use the information
on the table to fill in
the blanks and answer
the questions.
1. Average hourly
wage in 1936:
SECTION
Change in average
hourly wage
between 1933
and 1940:
25-4
2. Average hours
worked by
men in 1931:
Lowest average
hourly wage
for men between
1929 and 1941:
Wages and Hours for Production Workers, 1929–1941
All Production Workers
Male Workers
Female Workers
Year
Av. wage
per hr.
Av. hrs.
per wk.
Av. wage
per hr.
Av. hrs.
per wk.
Av. wage
per hr.
Av. hrs.
per wk.
1929
$ .59
48.3
$ .63
49.1
$ .40
44.2
1930
.59
43.9
.62
44.5
.40
40.5
1931
.56
40.4
.60
40.4
.37
39.8
1932
.50
34.8
.53
34.4
.33
36.3
1933
.49
36.4
.52
36.3
.34
36.6
1934
.58
34.7
.61
34.8
.43
34.0
1935
.60
37.2
.63
37.5
.44
35.2
1936
.62
39.5
.65
40.1
.43
36.2
1937
.70
38.7
.74
39.3
.47
36.1
1938
.72
34.3
.76
34.6
.48
32.6
1939
.72
37.6
.77
38.0
.48
35.8
1940
.74
38.6
.78
39.2
.49
35.5
1941
.81
41.2
.87
41.8
.53
38.0
SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States.
3. Highest average hours worked by women between 1929 and 1941: Highest average hourly wage for women between 1929 and 1941:
4. If a man worked an average week at average pay, how much more would he earn
in 1929 than a woman who worked an average week at average pay? DIRECTIONS: Using the Media Center Are there still differences in wages for men and women in the United States?
What has been the trend over the past 20 years? Find data in the media center
for the 1970s and the 1990s. Use the data to draw a double line graph showing
the difference in wages for men and women for each decade.
72
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.