8
Baltic University Urban Forum
City Status Report VIII
Urban-rural Cooperation
Project part-financed by the European Union
(European Regional Development Fund)
within the BSR INTERREG III B Neighbourhood Programme.
© The Baltic University Programme, 2007
Baltic University Urban
Forum
Cities Status Reports
8. Urban-rural co-operation
Introduction
The city status reports in the BUUF project address ten key areas of city management, chosen at
the outset of the project. These were later group in three areas of management, while integration was
kept as a separate topic.
Material flows:
1. Water,
2. Energy,
3. Waste
Urban space:
4. Traffic and transport,
5. Green structures,
6. Built structures, especially brown fields
Socio-economy:
7. Education and information,
8. Economic development,
9. Urban-rural cooperation
Integration:
10. Integration of management
The areas were all discussed by the BUUF Scientific Advisory Council, which developed
indicators for each of them. These indicators were later treated by the UBC Commission for the
environment into a table, a short hand, for reporting indicator values. The indicator, the tables and the
comments from the SAC are all found in the BUUF indicator book.
The reports
The city Status reports were/will be collected in the BUUF project at three occasions, 2004, 2005 and
2006. The reports will for each of the ten key areas, contain the following:
1. A description of the situation (collected 2004)
2. Basis indicator data (collected 2005)
3. Updating of indicator data. Comments on the choice of indicators. (2006)
The reports are edited for each area (water, energy etc) separately consisting of about 25 pages.
The status descriptions consist of one page, with occasional additional pages for data diagrams etc,
per city. The basic indicator data is collected in a table (one page) including all cities.
The Scientific Advisory Council members are asked to write benchmarking statements on these
reports from the cities. The collected reports and benchmarking statements will be collected in a City
status book from the BUUF project.
The cities
The cities have been organised in five groups according to character to make comparisons more
meaningful. In each group there are representative from both “East” and “West”. The list of cities then
becomes as follows:
Group 1. Large port cities
1. Hamburg, Germany
2. Kaliningrad, Russia
3. Novgorod, Russia
4. Turku/Åbo, Finland
Group 2. Fairly large inland cities, metropolis issues
5. Lodz, Poland
6. Nacka, Sweden (close to Stockholm)
7. Minsk, Belarus
8. Örebro Sweden
Group 3. Medium sized inland university cities
9. Uppsala, Sweden
10. Tartu, Estonia
11. Jelgava, Latvia
12. Kaunas, Lithuania
Group 4. Small inland/coastal cities under economic restructuring
13. Livani, Latvia
14 Hällefors, Sweden
15. Norrtälje, Sweden
16. Sopot, Poland
Group 5. Small municipalities, ecovillage character
17. Enköping, Sweden
18. Tukums, Latvia
19. Kosakowo, Poland
20. Hågaby, Sweden
The data for the cites are thus listed in this order. There is also a table, which contain basic data for
each of the cities.
8. Urban rural sector indicators
Based on an audio conference on May 23, 2005.
Participating members of SAC Per G. Berg, Assoc. Prof, Swedish Univ. Agricult Sciences;
Wendelin Müller Wille, Vice chair in city council, Enköping Municipality.; Marcus Larsson,
Researcher, Mälardalen Univ,Västerås.
Participating organisers: Anna Granberg, Kyösti Lempa and Anne-Sofia Holmberg, Union of Baltic
Cities Office at City of Turku, Finland; Lars Rydén, Baltic University Programme, BUP Secretariat at
Uppsala University.
The indicators
Urban rural cooperation is necessary in a sustainable society. This is mostly understood as a flow of
material (food etc) from rural to the urban, and a flow of material (waste etc) from urban to rural.
There is also a coupled economic flow, as the services are paid. The indicators here are firstly
monitoring the infrastructure that makes these flows possible, and secondly the flows themselves. As
usual basic information on the urban/rural character of the municipality is collected as background
data. As rural development will be crucial in the BSR some indicators monitoring this are included.
This area is poorly monitored by the European common indicators.
Core indicators to be reported by everyone are underlined.
1. Basic socio-economic data on the municipality
- Kind of municipality (only urban or both urban and rural)
- Size of city part (city defined as area with detailed plan, ha or km2)
- Size of countryside part (countryside defined as area without detailed plan, ha or km2)
- Urban/rural interface (length of city border; include a map where border is indicated)
- Population of city part (No, city defined as above)
- Population of countryside part (No, countryside defined as above)
- Character of countryside part (% of agriculture/forestry/lake fishing, other)
Comment: The rural areas are understood as the areas being part of the municipality. If the
municipality is strictly the city itself, define which neighbouring rural areas (administrative units) are
included in cooperation and this indicator report.
2. Administrative structure
- Formal agreements between neighbouring rural and urban administrative units (describe)
- Formal structure for common decision-making (No of joint meetings between urban & rural
administration.)
Comments: These indicators are for the municipalities where different administrations work with
urban and rural problems.
3. Flows from urban to neighbouring rural areas (physical and economic)
- Storm water from urban to rural (no of agreements with farmers, m3/year; Euro/year )
- Effluent from WWTP to rural (no of agreements with farmers, m3/year; Euro/year)
- Sludge/urine to rural areas (no of agreements with farmers, tonnes/year; % of total; Euro/year)
- Total ecological services (ecological footprint)
Comments: This group of indicators monitor flows of water, nutrients and biomass from the city to
rural areas. They are partly duplicated by BUUF indicators for these flows. (Check Sectors water,
energy and waste to avoid double work.) In the ecological footprint, used by some cities, these flow
dominate. Observe that all flows both have a price and a size measured. The price is what the city
pays to farmers who receive flows.
4. Flows to urban from neighbouring rural areas (physical and economic)
- Biomass from rural to city (kind, e.g. woodchips, tonnes/year, kWh; % of total; Euro/year)
- Fuel from rural to city (kind, e.g. ethanol/rape seed oil, m3/year, kWh; % of total; Euro/year)
- Locally produced food (kind, e.g. potato, fish etc, tonnes/year; % of total; Euro/year)
- Locally produced material (kind, e.g. timber, soil, tonnes/year; % of total; Euro/year)
- Other services (road management, etc. Euro /year)
Comments: This group of indicators monitor flows of water, nutrients and biomass from the rural
areas to the city. (Check BUUF indicators for sectors water, energy and waste to avoid double work.)
Observe that all flows both have a price and a size measured. The price is what the city in habitants
pay to farmers for the merchandise.
5. Rural development - services and habitation in rural areas
- Summerhouses in the rural part (no of houses or floor area)
- Agro-tourism (e.g. overnight, horse riding, fishing etc. No of person days/year)
- Nature protection areas (ha and increase ha/year)
- Road structure (ha and increase ha/year)
- Energy structure areas (ha and increase ha/year)
- New built areas increase (ha/year)
- Renovation of houses (ha/year)
- Houses in isolated areas (% of new houses)
- Services in rural areas (consumption)
Comments: This group of indicators monitor activities in the rural areas of importance for
sustainability.
6. Working life and transport (urban-rural exchange structure)
- Access for rural population to financial services in urban areas (banks)
- Access for rural population to services in urban areas (school, health services)
- Working opportunities in rural part (No of working opportunities)
- Working opportunities in urban part (No of working opportunities)
- Distance work in rural part (No. working with ICT in rural areas)
- Commuting for work between urban and rural (No individuals, average length of travel km)
- Commuting with cars (percentage)
- Commuting with Public transport (percentage)
Comments: This group of indicators monitor activities in the urban areas of importance for
sustainable rural living and indicators of importance for communication between urban and rural
areas. It is unclear how difficult it is to collect these data. Please comment on this in the report.
URBAN RURAL CO-OPERATION
22. Size and population of the urban and rural areas of the municipality
Exact
OR Estimate
Surface area of the urban area
ha
Population of the urban area
Surface area of the rural area
ha
Population of the rural area
.
.
23. Locally produced food
Exact
OR Estimate
Total amount
tonnes/year
Percentage of the total amount of food consumed
%
24. Number of people commuting for work between urban and rural areas
Exact
OR Estimate
Number of people commuting from rural areas Number of people commuting from urban areas to
to urban areas
.
rural areas
.
9. Urban-rural co-operation
Urban-rural cooperation indicators
Numbers represent either exact or estimated values (Italic)
Hamburg
Kaliningrad
Veliky
Novgorod
Turku
Lodz
22300
(2003
and
2005)
89
0
( 2003
and
2005)
57
29439
420000
( 2003);
425600
(2005)
223000
0
( 2003
and
2005)
4600
45
45
Number of people commuting
from urban areas to rural areas
45
Number of people commuting
from rural areas to urban areas
44
Number of people commuting for
work between urban and rural
areas
43e
Locally produced food %% of
total consumption
43d
Locally produced food total
amount tonnes per year
43c
Population urban
Surface area rural
43b
Population rural
43a
Surface area urban
43
Size and population of the urban
and rural areas of the
municipality
Indicator
#
Title/Values either exact or
estimated (Italic)
City
250000
31000
212,5
( 2003
and
2005)
70
( 2003
and
2005)
10000
(2003
and
2005)
36000
5000
( 2003
and
2005)
12000
10
1
15792
( 2003);
15747
(2005)
17948
( 2003);
18487
(2005)
7708000
Nacka
Minsk
Örebro
5000
120000
100000
25000
Uppsala
7349
240000
138423
( 2003);
137462
(2005)
44885
( 2003);
44073
( 2005)
38
0
1008000
0
Tartu
Kaunas
Jelgava
Livani
470
30136
9587
2200
100
Norrtälje
1100
200000
16000
3900
3200
Sopot
1663
68
100
0
0
0
Enköping
1500
117900
25539
12672
222000
10
30
Hällefors
Tukums
Kosakowo
Hågaby
0
0
0
Hamburg, Germany
Structure and Administration
Large port city 1
No data
Total surface area of
municipality
755,3 km2
1,7 mln inhabitants
The number of staff in
the
municipality
administration - 14000
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Structure and Administration
Kaliningrad is the administrative centre of
Kaliningrad region. The city accommodates
almost half of the population of Kaliningrad
Large port city 2
region and simultaneously it accomplishes the
functions of the centre of the Kaliningrad
Total surface area of
settlement system, represented by the Western
municipality
group of administrative districts (which includes
223,0 km2
Kaliningrad municipality as well as Gurjevsk,
Zelenogradsk, Bagrationovsk and Gvardejsk
425 600 inhabitants
municipal districts). Functionally this group to
certain extent includes Polessk district. With the
The number of staff in exception of the Kaliningrad city itself, the
settlement system of Kaliningrad region is
the municipality
represented by numerous rural settlements and
administration – no
number of small towns (administrative centers
data
of municipal districts). The structural
components of the settlement system are
connected by transport, production, labor,
recreational and information connections.
The rural areas located within the limits of
Kaliningrad city comprise 10% of the total area
(about 2100 hectares). Besides, 11% of the area
(about 2300 hectares) is composed by the
gardens.
Elaboration of the issue on the urban-rural
cooperation in Kaliningrad is rather
complicated as there is no institutional basis for
considering the issues of interconnections of
Kaliningrad city and neighboring rural areas.
These issues are regulated on the regional level
within sectoral approach (for example,
agriculture or rural tourism development). The
networking on the level of municipalities
(which potentially could include discussion on
urban-rural partnership) is accomplished on the
level of Associations of Municipalities of
Kaliningrad region.
Kaliningrad, Russia
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
The specific issue arising in context of
urban-rural partnership is the location of the
number of small settlements within the borders
of Kaliningrad city. There are 13 small
settlements located within the city line:
Pribrezhnoe, Suvorovo, Shossejny,
Lermontovo, Oktjabrsky, Pervomajsky,
Severnaja Gora, Juzhny, Al.
Kosmodemjanskogo, Vozdushny, Sovhoznoe,
Zelenoe and Chkalovsk. The settlements
accomplish various functions. For example,
Pribrezhnoe is an important recreational area
for Kaliningradians. At the same time, many
settlements represent the problem areas for the
city in terms of development of infrastructure
and provision of communal services as well as
the social climate.
Although the Comprehensive Plan provides
measures for development of these areas, there
is no specific plan (or even investigation
conducted) aiming at complex development
small settlements within Kaliningrad city line
and this issue requires further elaboration.
In 2005, in the frame of the Strategy of the
Development of Kaliningrad region, the Kaliningrad
municipality got the responsibility on the rural areas
within the municipality boundaries. With that the new
division on Agriculture (3 officers) was created. It’s
responsibilities: support of small farmers, agro-tourism
development etc. The long-term target is to provide the
local municipality with local products.
Large port city 3
Structure and Administration
Novgorod, Russia
Total surface area of
municipality
89 km2
Development of the city occurs through
implementation of city building activities
aiming to provide favourable conditions for
the population, including limiting harmful
influence of economic and other activities on
the surrounding environment. Development
of Novgorod the Great takes place on the basis
of zoning the territories of the city inside its
borders, and establishing the regulations on
land use and building up every territorial zone
of city building regulations. In other words, it
is totality of parameters and kinds of use of
land plots (sites) and other real estate objects.
According to the Russian land legislation,
land sites outside the city border, but having
common social, natural and industrial territory
with the city, can be included into suburban
zones. Borders and legal regulations on
suburban zones are approved by the law of
Russian Federation subjects.
Novgorod the Great has no suburban zones.
According to Russian administrative
legislation, we mark out cities and towns,
regions and districts. Administrative formation
of the city of Novgorod the Great is separated
by city boundary from the other
administrative formation – Novgorod district,
its lands surround the lands of the city. It is
possible that the reserves for the city
development are establishment and
development of suburban zones.
223 000 inhabitants
The number of staff in
the municipality
administration – 500
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Turku/Åbo,
Finland
Large port city 4
Total surface area of
municipality
306,4 km2
175 000 inhabitants
The number of staff in
the municipality
administration – 13695
Structure and Administration
There is no data concerning urban-rural
cooperation. Even the definition of urban and
rural areas is unclear but most of the land area of
City of Turku can be defined as rural area. Most
of the people live in urban area near the city
center.
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Lodz, Poland
Structure and Administration
In Łód 1st and 2nd -grade soils account for 0,6
%, 3rd -grade soils - 12,8 %, 4 th -grade soils 35,5 %, while very weak 5 th and 6 th -grade soils,
exempt from compulsory cultivation, account
for 51%. Consequently, orchard areas account
for 149,5 ha, and plantations of fruit and berry
770 800 inhabitants
bushes - 25,7 ha.
Within the city's territory there are 3421
The number of staff in farms, which occupy 10,9 thousand ha, from
the municipality
which an arable land accounts for 8,3 thousand
administration - 1935 ha. An average farm has 3,19 ha of land. 42,2%
of the local farms are involved in agriculture
only, 12,2% of local farms are involved in both
agricultural and non-agricultural activities,
while 34,5% of the local farms are not
involved in agriculture at all.
Country residents from the areas adjacent to
the city and its peripheral districts, where farms
prevail, very often commute to the city centre.
On the other hand, city residents wish to spend
free time in their country homes or summer
cottages located in agricultural or forest areas
within the city limits.
Within 50 km from the city Lodzians possess
nearly 10 thousand recreational allotments.
Also, the Łód Trade Centre "Zjazdowa" is the
largest wholesale market offering sales
Large inland cities 1
Total surface area of
municipality
294,4 km2
opportunities for 1,2 thousand producers of
agricultural and food products.
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Nacka, Sweden
Structure and Administration
Large inland city 2,
No data
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Minsk, Belarus
Structure and Administration
Large inland city 3,
No data
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Örebro, Sweden
Large inland city 4
Total surface area of
municipality
1380 km2
126 288 inhabitants
The number of staff in
the municipality
administration – 14
000
Structure and Administration
The municipality don’t have so many indicators
on urban-rural differences since the statistical
comparison between urban and rural areas is
not so commonly used.
Nearly 90 % of the inhabitants in the
municipality live in the town of Örebro. 96 000
of 126 000 live within 5 kilometres from the
city centre. In the rural areas, the municipality
has three local departments for schools and
development of the areas. They are responsible
for pre-schools, 9 year compulsory schools,
education for pupils with learning disabilities,
libraries and sport centres.
Relevant fields concerning urban-rural are
communication, where we have the following
information:
Physical flows
In the field of
nutrient flows, there
are probably data to
find, but little is
compiled.
The area of
ecologic farming
land is described in
the environmental
program (appendix
Örebro miljömål
remissversion 200403-25, page 44-45)
Leakage of nutrients
on regional level,
see map (appendix
EDB-vatten)
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Commuting in the annual statistics yearbook on
business (appendix on economic development,
Näringsstatistisk årsbok 2003, page 24). There are
lack of information on commuting inside the
municipality. The local travel survey on travelling
habits gives some information and there is a divide
between the town of Örebro and the countryside
(appendix on traffic and transport,
Resvaneundersökning 2000).
Figures on how people move in the annual statistics
yearbook on business. (appendix on economic
development, Näringsstatistisk årsbok 2003, page 11).
Internet access (“bredband”), map (appendix
Bredband).
Areas with detailed planning, map (appendix Areas
with detailed planning (in light blue))
In the field of economic co-operation, the
municipality has access to a national database on retail
in rural areas (appendix Sveriges servicedatabas
skärmbild).
Uppsala, Sweden
Structure and Administration
Medium sized
university cities 1
Total surface area of
municipality
2189 km2
No data
182 076 inhabitants
The number of staff in
the municipality
administration – 5 688
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Tartu, Estonia
Structure and Administration
Medium sized
university city 2
Total surface area of
municipality
38,8 km2
No data
100 148 inhabitants
The number of staff in
the municipality
administration – 290
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Jelgava, Latvia
Structure and Administration
Medium sized
university city 3
Total surface area of
municipality 60,32
km2
No data
66 088 inhabitants
The number of staff in
the municipality
administration – no
data
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Kaunas, Lithuania
Structure and Administration
Medium sized
university city 4
Total surface area of
municipality
157 km2
The relationship between Kaunas
City and surrounding areas such as
Kaunas District, Kaisiadorys,Vilkija,
Jonava districts is very close . Many
people, living in the rural areas have
various interests in Kaunas City, and,
on the contrary, Kaunas citizens have
some interests in the countryside.
368 917 inhabitants
The number of staff in
the municipality
administration – no
data
The interests of rural people in
Kaunas are:
1. Economic: working places,
shopping, services;
2. Social: education, learning,
medical care, cultural services,
entertainment;
3. Administrative: County and
Municipal level administration, other
regional administration offices.
4. Other: visiting of Zoo and
Botanical gardens, churches etc.
Physical flows
The interests of Kaunas City in
the surrounding rural districts
are:
3. Engineering. The part of
the Kaunas Water Treatment
Plant I a sludge treatment field
is located outside city border,
in the Ezerelis Forest. It
constitute of two plots: the
sludge deposition plot (55,33
ha) and energetic forest
plantation (70 ha). Other very
important object outside city
border is the Lapiu landfill.
(12.5 ha), which has to be
expanded next year.
4. Energy supply .The
Kruonis hydro-accumulating
electric power station is very
important chain in Lithuanian
electric energy supply system
because it equalizes inequalities
between production and
consumption of energy. The
high voltage electric energy
supply lines and transformers
as well as high pressure gas
pipes leading to Kaunas cross
the surrounding rural areas.
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
The interests of Kaunas City in the surrounding rural
districts are:
1. Economy. There are business, industrial, storage,
transport areas and objects tightly related to Kaunas
physical and business infrastructure. The most
significant of them is Free Economy Zone (FEZ) with
area of 500 ha. There are developed linear business
zones along main motorways, as continuation of the
active zones within the city border. All these objects
have been connected to the city engineering network
and public transport system.
2. Transport. Very important transport objects
located outside City border are Kaunas International
Airport in Karmelava, 11 km from the city centre. It
is the second biggest Lithuania’s airport having the
longest runway (3250 metres). Kaunas Airport is also
one of the biggest cargo airports in the Baltic states.
5. Cemeteries. It is situated near Karmelava village
and covers an area of 82.2ha. It is the biggest open
cemetery in Kaunas City. After closing, the Rokai
cemetery, 20 km from Kaunas centre, will be open in
the near future.
6. Recreation. It consists of the areas ofvarious
purpose (211ha), including suburban Raudondvaris
and Obelyne manors parks, and recreational forests
and forest parks. They cover area of 46 thousand ha
(30 % of total suburban zone forest area), and the
most popular areas among citizens are Kulautuva and
Kacergine recreational forests, as well as forests at
Kauno marios – artificial lake.
Livani, Latvia,
Structure and Administration
Small cities economic
restructuring 1
Total surface area of
municipality
306,06 km2
Urban rural cooperation is rather welldeveloped in Livani and Livani
district. The reason for that is the
administrative structure itself – the
district that has been established in
1999 thus uniting Livani town and
two parishes (Turku and Rozupe). In
9 500 inhabitants
2002, the optimization of district
financial and administrative structure
The number of staff in was done – self-government functions
the municipality
were changed and the joint budget was
administration - 40
created.
Livani as a town is rather small. The
urban area is very naturally “flowing”
into rural area, and sometimes, it is
difficult to define the border of the
town.
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
The urban rural cooperation in the
municipality is going on in the
following main forms:
1. Food production, processing and
sale (milk, milk products, vegetables,
berries, bread, etc.)
2. Industrial activities. Wood
resources in the rural territories are
mostly used for production of fuel,
pulpwood and timber in the town.
Peat resources in the rural territories
(the main Skrebelu – Skruzmanu
swamp of 1800ha) are used for peat
extraction and then production of
substratum, peat is a little used also for
heating mainly by individual
households.
The urban rural cooperation in the
municipality is going on in the following main
forms:
3. Recreation facilities. People from the town
like to go to the country to have a rest since there
are forests, swamps with different birds, nice
landscapes. Now, the municipality is working on
a new project idea of establishment of public
biking infrastructure in Livani town, district and
the surrounding territories. The biking routs will
cross both urban and rural areas. In order to
establish these routs properly and to elaborate a
sound biking tourism offer for local and
international tourists, it is crucially necessary to
maintain and improve the urban-rural
cooperation.
4. Information exchange. This kind of
cooperation is mostly going on in the municipal
and NGO sector regarding planning joint
activities, project funding opportunities, training
courses, etc. In addition, people living in rural
territories often learn the news through the
personal contacts with people living in the town.
Hällefors, Sweden
Structure and Administration
Small city economic In 2003, our neighbour
municipalities, Hällefors, Nora,
restructuring 2
Lindesberg and Ljusnarsberg, started
to work together in the fields of
technique support in water supply,
wastewater treatments, waste
collection, recycling, roads, and
parks. As local authorities, we e also
start to cooperate in the fields of
environmental protection and
buildings issues. The main goal for
the reorganisation is to keep a high
competence in the organisation since
in such small municipality as
Hällefors, it is very difficult to have
competence staff.
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Norrtälje, Sweden
Structure and Administration
Small city economic The aim to establish living and
enterprises must be a priority, both in
restructuring 3
the city of Norrtälje, in the archipelago,
and on the countryside. The
municipality wants to ensure the values
of the cultural environment and to
secure the open landscape. By
strengthening the local nutrient flows
on the countryside and in the
archipelago emphasizes more
possibilities and opportunities for more
local flows of different products.
Norrtälje municipality is a part of the
flow as a countryside and archipelago
municipality in the Mälar region.
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Sopot, Poland
Structure and Administration
Small city economic No data
restructuring 4
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Enköping, Sweden
Structure and Administration
Small eco-village city For Enköping, as a growing part of
the Lake Mälaren Valley, the
1
cooperation in the region has been
more and more developed. During
several years, we have been
cooperating in different networks on
infrastructure, trade and industry
development, city and environmental
planning. A national interest of
Sweden is to increase the network
cooperation particularly in the
regional planning processes. Next year
we hope to participate in a special
planning development project together
with national, regional and local
partners.
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Tukums, Latvia
Structure and Administration
Small eco-village city No data
2
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Kosakowo, Poland
Structure and Administration
Small eco-village city Kosakowo is a rural municipality
with no cities within its area. However,
3
close economical and social
connections have been developed with
the adjacent cities of Gdynia, Puck and
Rumia.
Puck. The cooperation with Puck
concerns mainly administrative
decisions and activities being part of
county policies.
Rumia. Localization of DebogorzeWybudowanie and Kazimierz villages
along the border with Rumia city
resulted in close cooperation between
those areas. The two villages are
provided with gas supplies from
Rumia gas network. Buss connection
has also been established to railway
station and to long-distance bus
stations in Rumia.
Following the economical and social
development of the region, the
cooperation between municipality and
its adjacent areas is expected to
increase.
Physical flows
Gdynia. The following objects
serving Gdynia city are located within
Kosakowo municipality: sewage
purification plant “Debogorze”
serving both Kosakowo and Gdynia;
waste incineration landfills belonging
to the heating plant
“Elektrocieplownia Gdynia”;
municipal cemetery;
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Gdynia provides Kosakowo with a
wide range of advanced services such
as education (gymnasium level and
higher), health, culture,
administration, trade and public
transport, as well as employment
opportunities.
Attractiveness of southern parts of
the municipality resulted in
developing there new housing areas.
The inhabitants comply not only
Kosakowo residents, but also the
residents of Tri-City (Gdansk, Sopot,
Gdynia), with the biggest number of
Gdynia residents. Districts such as
Pogorze and Suchy Dwor have turned
into dormitory areas for Gdynia city.
As a result, the population within the
municipality has increased by about
50% since the year 1999.
Hågaby, Sweden
Structure and Administration
Small eco-village city The grazing landscape
The cultural landscape is
4
modified by the grazing
animals being introduced on
common areas in the
community.
Physical flows
Economic flows, Social services, & IT
Local recycling of waste products
Organic waste is processed locally in
Hågaby, which runs a local recycling of
vegetable and garden growing activity.
Also the urine of some of the houses is
used in the local area to improve the soil’s
nutrient balance. Also a small part of the
waste water’s phosphorous is utilised in
the area, whereas the large proportion of
nutrients awaits a better local use – for
instance the sludge from the sewage
treatment. However, this will not be
possible until the earliest spring 2006,
when the copper concentration in the
sludge can be significantly decreased.
Kernel farm formation
A new project being planned is the
kernel farm formation in Hågaby. The
kernel farm is a balanced farm with
both cultivation of culture seed plants
and animals of genetically stable
breeds. The kernel farm is also an
educational site where schools and
commons are welcome to visit.
Together with a large number of
similar sites, such farm is also a core
site for survival in times of crisis.
Four cultivation levels
For Hågaby consumers four local
cultivation levels are in use. The first level is
represented by the kitchen gardens attached
to all households’ houses. The second level
is the cultivation plot areas, which are
adjacent to the house groups. The third
level functions in the periods when a larger
area is cultivated and when local vegetables
are distributed through the local shop. Since
spring 2005, this level may be expanded as
a new farmer is taking over the Håga farm.
The fourth level is the import products from
Uppland county to the local shop, products,
which are competing with the global market
products. This level is also expanding as
the shop increase its rage of such food