JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES I, II, & III,
-Illustrating Mr. H. Marshall Ward's Paper on the "Embryo Sac and Development of Gymnadenia conopsea."
N. B.—Except when otherwise stated, thefiguresare generally from sections
in absolute alcohol and glycerine, examined under Zeiss's F, oc. 2 and 3.
PLATE I.
PIG. 1.—Optical longitudinal section of young ovule, showing embryosac mother-cell, and axial row of similar cells. This specimen and the next
were examined in the fresh state with traces of ammonic hydrate.
FIG. 2.—Similar section of slightly older ovule, of which the integument
is more advanced, and the curvature more decided ; the granular contents
of embryo-sac mother-cell resist alkalis more than do the others.
FIG. 3.—Actual section through older ovule seen from before. The
second integument is well established, and following on the first. The
embryo-sac mother-cell has had one "cap-cell" cut off, and a second
division is taking place to form the other.
FIGS. 4, 5, and 6.—Longitudinal section through the embryo-sac. It is
surmounted by two "cap cells," which, together with the surrounding
layer of nucleus-cells, are gradually compressed by the enlarging sac.
(Fig. 0 is somewhat oblique, but still shows cells of the axial row.)
FIG. 7.—Similar section. Two large nuclei in the embryo-sac have
resulted from division. Note traces of cap-cells, and of cells of the nucleus
of the ovule around.
FIGS. 8, 9, and 10.— Similar preparations ; showing divisions of the two
nuclei of Fig. 7. Treated (alcohol specimens) with strong acetic acid and
fuchsine.
FIG. 11.—Similar section, showing division of upper nucleus. Two
nucleoli in each half. The section is slightly oblique.
FIG. 12.—Similar section. The two nuclei at each end, and fixed in the act
of dividing in planes crossing at right angles; a large vacuole occupies the
centre of the sac. llemains of the cap-cells as a refractive mass under the
micropyle.
FIG. 13.—Longitudinal section through the ovule. There are four naked
masses of protoplasm at each end of the sac. Note traces of cap- and
nucleus-cells around. (Alcohol specimen treated with acetic acid and
fuchsine.)
vesicle), and a free nucleus, near which is a second.
PLATE II.
FIGS. 15 and 16.—Longitudinal sections through embryo-sac, showing the
" egg-apparatus" above, and a free nucleus below, which has travelled
down towards the "antipodal" mass.
PIG. 17.—Longitudinal section through a whole ovule during fertilisation.
A pollen tube has penetrated the micropyle, and spread its end on the
" synergidse," below and to the side of which is the " ege cell;" at the
opposite end of embryo-sac are the " antipodal" cells imperfectly divided,
and abutting on these the wandering nucleus from above.
PIG. 17A.—Similar preparation with egg-cell just fertilised.
PIG. 18.—The first division across the fertilised " egg cell" is completed ;
remains of egg apparatus and cap-cells are seen above, and of " antipodals "
below in the sac.
PIG, 19.—A division appears across each of the two cells in Pig. 18;
that in the upper cell is not completed. Traces of cap-cells and egg apparatus above, and of antipodal cells below, as before.
PIG. 20.—The embryo now consists of four cells—a " suspensor " of
two cells separated by swollen walls, and an embryo proper of two superposed cells, of which each nucleus contains two nucleoli.
FIGS. 21, 22, and 23.—Embryos a little more advanced. The embryo
proper becoming divided by vertical walls at right angles, comes to consist of three cells; the lowermost in Sg. 23 is dividing.
FIG. 24.—The embryo proper consists of four cells, and the left hand
lower nucleus has two nucleoli; the suspensor consisting of two cells, is in
the act of forming a bipartition across its upper cells.
PIG. 25.—The embryo proper has four cells, the suspensor five. Vacuoles are appearing in the cells of the latter.
FIG. 26.—The embryo proper consists of eight cells, and the suspensor
of four. Traces of " antipodal" mass still evident.
FIG. 26A.—Transverse section of embryo at this stage.
FIG. 27.—The suspensor possesses three cells, of which the middle one
has just divided, but the nuclei are not yet completely separated.
FIG. 28.—A slightly older stage than the last. Each of the four suspensor cells has become doubled; vacuolesare appearing, and the cell-walls
are swollen.
PLATE III.
FIG. 29.—The suspensor cells are elongating, sap cavities becoming
established within. The embryo proper still preserves twelve cells, but
would soon consist of sixteen, as division appeared in its lower cells.
FIG. 30.—By intercalary growth the suspensor has pushed its apex
through the micropyle; one more division has occurred above, but the
limit is approaching, and the exhausted cells are acquiring large sap cavities.
A series of tangential divisions has marked out an epidermal layer to the
embryo proper ^optical sec. cleared with K.H0).
PIG. 31.—Similar section of older embryo similarly treated; a second
series of tangential divisions lias appeared more internally, and the " suspensor " is shrivelling up, the protoplasm of its cells disappearing.
PIG. 32.—External view of ripe seed torn from funiculus. Less magnified than rest.
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JOURNAL OP MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV,
Illustrating the notice of Elfving's researches on " Pollenbodies of the Angiosperms."
FIG.
Anthericum ramosum.
1.—Young Pollen-body after division, x 300.
2—4.—Development of the vegetative cell. X 300.
5.—Metamorphosis of the nucleus of the large cell. X 300.
6.—Ripe Pollen-body, x 300.
7.—Branched tube, x 230.
Anfhericum liliago.
8.—Ripe Pollen-body, one nucleus star-shaped, x 300.
Tulipa Gesneriana. x 320.
9—11.—Development of the Pollen-body from formation of vegetative
cell to being fully ripe.
12.—Vegetative cells pressed out.
13.—Duplicature of vegetative cell.
14.—Point of the Pollen-tube.
Ornithogalum pyramidale. x 450.
15.—Vegetative cell with thick side walls.
16, 17.—Ripe Pollen-bodies.
18.—Pressed-out vegetative cells; at o treated with osmic acid.
Leucojum cesiivum. x 400.
19.—Young Pollen-body after division.
20.—The same after treatment with osmic acid.
21.—The vegetative cell loosened ; at o with osmic acid.
22, 23.—Ripe Pollen-bodies ; o, a vegetative cell with osmic acid.
24.—Pressed-out nucleus and vegetative cell; osmic acid.
25.—Pollen-tube. Nuclei after one another.
Narcissus poeticus.
26.—Entering of the nuclei into the tube.
27.—The posterior nucleus divided.
Iris siberica. X 350.
28, 29.—Crushed-out Pollen-bodies; in 28 the walls of the vegetative
cell are seen, in 29 the whole cell.
Tris xifhium. x 300.
30.—Tube end. The nucleus of the larger cell is characteristically
lengthened out.
Tradescantia virginica. X 300.
31.—Young Pollen-body after division.
32—37.—Development of the bodies up to ripeness.
Cotwallaria mullijlora.
38.—Formation of two vegetative cells. X 350.
39.—Ripe Pollen-body, x 400.
Asparagus officinalis.
40.—Arrangement of the vegetative cell, x 600.
PLA.TE IV— Continued.
Flo.
Sparganium ramosum. X 450.
41,42.—Arrangement and first formation of the vegetative cell.
43> 44.—Crushed-out Pollen-bodies showing the metamorphoses of the
vegetative nuclei.
45—48.—Pollen-tubes. 45. The vegetative nucleus in the act of
dividing. 46. The vegetative nucleus has gone first, and has in 47 divided.
48. The vegetative nucleus has remained undisturbed.
Asphodelus albus. X 350.
49—53.— Development of the Polleu-bodies from the first appearance of
the vegetative cell until maturity.
Andropogon campanus. X 400.
54.—Pollen-body after division. 55. Same seen at an angle of 90°.
56,—The vegetative cell divided. 57. Same seen from the side.
58.—Pollen-body with three vegetative cells. 59. The same seen at an
angle of 90°.
60.—Both vegetative cells become free.
Bromus erectus. X 350.
61, 62.—Pollen-bodies after division.
63—65.—Formation of the vegetative cell.
66.—Division of the vegetative cell.
67—69.—Metamorphosis of the vegetative cell and the larger nuclei np
to the maturity of the Pollen-body.
Arum lernatnm. X 600.
70, 71.—First development of the Pollen-bodies after division.
72.—Pressed-out body ; the division of the vegetative nuclei is only seen.
73.—Mature body; the spectacle-like united vegetative cells are still
maintained.
74.—Nuclei pressed out of mature bodies.
Bulomns umhellalus. X 300.
75.—First division of the Pollen-bodies.
76.—The vegetative nucleus has in addition divided.
77, 79.—Polleu-tubes; iu 78 and 79 the partition walls are still maintained.
Juncus articulatus. X 300.
80.—Pollen-body after division. 81. Older body.
Heliocharis pahistris. X 350.
82—94.—Development of the Pollen-body to maturity. 90 and 91 show
the gradual resorplion of the three nuclei situated in the narrow end.
95.—Normal thickening of the infineof a mature body.
96—98.—Peculiar thickenings of the membrane, which occasion the formation of false partition walls.
99—102.—Pollen-tubes.
Ffl.
*
JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE.
EXPLANATION OP PLATE V,
Illustrating Mr. F. O. Bower's Memoir on the Development of the Conceptacle in the Fucaceae.
The following system of lettering has been used throughout—Initial
cell = i. Basal cell — b.
Limiting tissue — I. Cortical tissue = c.
Central column = ec. Mucilage — m. Antheridial cell = tf. Pedicel
cell =p.
The first sixfiguresare all from material treated first with dilute chromic
acid. The remaining figures are from material preserved first in saturated
solution of common salt (cf. text).
Fucus serratus.
FIG. 1 (-^f0)-—I>ar'; °f a vertical longitudinal section passing through
the lip which snrrounda the depressed apex of a fertile branch. The initial
cell has ceased to divide, and is surpassed by the surrounding tissue, a
slight inclination is observable in the walls dividing the cells of the limiting
tissue.
FIG. 2 (-Sfft).—Part of a similar section, with an older conceptacle. The
initial cell has begun to shrink. The basal cell has not yet divided. The
inclination ot the walls of the limiting tissue is more pronounced than in
fig.].
FiQ. 3 (if^).—A young conceptacle as seen from above, the protoplasm
of the initial cell has shruuk, and its cell-walls swollen.
FIG. 4 (•&!*).—Taken from a section similar to 1 and 2. This shows
the initial cell more shrunk, the basal cell divided longitudinally. The
alteration of the swollen cell-wall filling the cavity lias begun.
FIG. 6 (--j-J—Part of a transverse sedion, with aconceptacle more advanced ; it is difficult here to tell the limit between the part of the lining
tissue, derived
from the limiting, and that derived from the cortical tissue.
FIG. 6 (xls).—Part of a transverse section, with an older conceptacle,
the central column still attached. No formation of hairs as yet.
FIG. 7 (^p).—Male conceptacle. Mucilage showing stratification and
striation.
FIG. 8 i, ii, iii (^f2).—Antheridia in various stages of development
from a single cell of the lining tissue.
Halidrys siliquosa.
FIG. 9.—Vertical longitudinal section, with eonceptacle.
Hymanthalia lorea.
FIG. 10.—Young conceptacle seen obliquely from above, showing initial
hair protruding from the cavity.
FIG. 11.—Slightly older conceptacle in longitudinal section. Tnitial cell
Bhrivelled. cu = Cuticularised outer layer of swollen covering of the
limiting tissue (cf.
text, footnote).
FIG. 12 (-i-!2).—Branching antheridial hair, showing transition, on formation of antheridia, from monopodial to sympodial system of branching.
The branches are numbered according to their ages, ] being the oldest.
JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES VI & VII,
Illustrating Mr. J. E. Bloomfield's paper "On the Development of the Spermatozoa." Part I. " Lumbricus/'
Fie.
1.—Testis of the earth-worm—a small example as seen under low power.
2.—Cells from the trabecular sustentaculum of the seminal reservoir.
3.—Portion of wall of a seminal reservoir with fusiform cells of the sustentaculum.
4.—Transverse section of the seminal reservoir, showing the penetrating
blood-vessels.
5.—A portion of a seminal reservoir more highly magnified, showing the
spermatospheres packed in the vascular sustentaculum.
6—10.—Cells (spermatospores) from a young testis teased: osmic acid
and picrocarmine.
10A.—Drawn on a larger scale.
11—15.—Cells from young seminal reservoir elongating to form the
susteutacular fibres.
] 6—20.—Spermatospores, dividing into two (young " polyplasts ").
21, 22.—Into four.
S3.—Three segments.
24,—Eight segments or spermatoblasts, drawn in fresh state.
25, 26.—Ditto, with acetic acid. 26 showing central protoplasm or
blastophor (61).
26A.—Sixteen spermatoblasts.
27, 28.—A polyplast. 27, with acetic acid. 28, fresh.
29.—Similar polyplast on treatment with osmic acid and picrocarmine.
30, 31, 32.—Further stage in segmentation, fresh.
33, 34, 35.—Ditto, treated with osmic acid and picrocarmine.
36, 38.—To show the central blastophor (61) at this stage, and in the
following.
37.—Showing refractive cap on the spermatoblasts.
39.—Showing protrusion offinefilament.
40.— Same stage fresh.
41—46.—Progressive stages, consisting in an elongation of the nuclei of
the spermatoblasts, h, n, t, head, neck, tail.
'
*
PLATES VI & VII—Continued.
47, 48.—Spermatozoa mature, resting on central blastophor (61).
49.—Isolated blastoplior with vacuole.
50.—Spermatozoa seen, under 10 immersion objective, a, b, c, mature ;
d, from polyplast, fig. 46.
51—59.—Brown corpuscles of the seminal reservoirs exhibiting network,
fresh.
60—65.—Ditto with osmic acid and picrocarmine.
66.—Similar brown corpuscle treated with acetic acid.
67—71.—Young brown corpuscle.
72.—Sperm polyplast of Helix aspersa: bl. blastophor, spb. spermatoblasts.
73.—Sperm polyplast of Bena temporaria: bl, blasto hor, sjib. spfirmatoblasts.
JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII,
Illustrating Mr. Armaner Hansen's paper on the " Bacillus
of Leprosy."
FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.—Cells from tubercles with rod-shaped bodies, fresh.
Gundlach, No. 8.
FIG. 4.—Such cells treated with osmio acid, Gundlach, No. 8.
FIG. 5.—A brown element with adhering articulated threads after four
days' cultivation.
FIG. 6.—From the border of one of the fungus growths in the preparation of April 1st.
FIG. 7.—Brown elements coloured with methyl violet, from a tubercle
treated with osmic acid.
FIG. 8.—Bacilli coloured with methyl violet, from a section of a tubercle
hardened in absolute alcohol.