DoNow
•  Copytheques:onbelowandwritedownan
answer…
Sketch a profile of the books on the
front table.
Measurements
ContourLines
HowdowerepresentEleva:ononaflat
pieceofpaper?
•  Eleva?on–heightabovesealevel
MountFuji,Japan
ContourLinesconnectpointsofequaleleva:on.
Topographicmapsshowtheeleva?onof
thelandbyusingcontourlines
Mt.Fuji,Japan
Crea:ngaProfile
250
200
150
100
50
0
•  Contourlinespointintheoppositedirec:onofthestreamflow
•  Contourlinesalwaysbendupstream
•  Contourlinespointtohighereleva:onandstreamsflowfromhigh
toloweleva:on
DepressionContourLine
•  Specialmarksontheinsideofthecontourline
areusedtoshowadepression
DoNow
•  Copytheques:onbelowandwritedownan
answer…
Explain the difference between a
contour map and a profile.
Measurements
Gradient
Gradient
•  GradientdescribesSlope
Steep
Gentle
•  Gradient:therateatwhichfieldvalueschange
–  Rate:Avaluedescribingonequan:tyintermsof
anotherquan:ty.
SteepSlope
GentleSlope
Linesclose
together=
steepslope
Linesfarapart
=gentleslope
•  Thegradientishigherwheretheslopeissteep.
–  Wherethecontourlinesareclose.
•  Thegradientislowerwheretheslopeisgentle.
–  Wherethecontourlinesarefartherapart.
StepsforCalcula:ngGradient
1.Determinethe
minimumand
maximumcontour
values.
Whatisthecontour
valueforpointC?
Whatisthecontour
valueforpointD?
StepsforCalcula:ngGradient
2.ChangeinField
Value
Subtractthe
smallestcontour
valuefromthe
largestcontour
value.
StepsforCalcula:ngGradient
3.Distance
Useapieceof
papertomarkthe
spacebetween
pointsCandD
Determinethe
milesbyusingthe
scalebarfromthe
picture.
StepsforCalcula:ngGradient
4.Solveforthe
gradient.
Remember
towritethe
UNITS!
WhatisthegradientoflineC-D?
DoNow
•  Copytheques:onbelowandwritedownan
answer…
How do contour lines show the
following:
•  Steep Hill
•  River
Measurements
RateofChange
Uranium-238
238
206
87
87
U
RateofChange
Rubidium-87
Rb
9
Pb
4.5 × 10
Sr
4.9 × 10
•  RateofchangedescribeshowFastachange
Equations
occurs.
distance between foci
•  Forexample:Thetemperaturechangesfrom
Eccentricity =
length of major axis
55°Fto45°Fin3hours.Whatistherateof
change in field value
change?
Gradient =
distance
change in value
Rate of change =
time
mass
Density =
volume
10
H
H
H
H
D
Equations
Eccentricity =
Gradient =
Lead
distance between foci
length of major axis
RateofChange
change in field value
distance
Prop
Heat energy gained d
Heat energy released
change in value
Rate of change =
time
mass
Density =
volume
Heat energy gained d
Heat energy released
Density at 3.98°C . .
•  ChangeinValuedescribeschangesinany
fields.
Average Chemical Composit
of Earth’s Crust, Hydrosphere, and T
–  Height(eleva:on),distance,temperature,air
pressure
CRUST
HYDROS
ELEMENT
(symbol)
Oxygen (O)
Silicon (Si)
Aluminum (Al)
Iron (Fe)
Percent by mass
Percent by volume
46.10
28.20
8.23
5.63
94.04
0.88
0.48
0.49
Percent b
33
Rateof
Change
RateofChange
12.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the topographic map. Letters A through D represent locations
on the map. Elevations are measured in feet. Dashed lines represent trails.
How long will it take a person to hike along the trail from point C to point D at a rate of 3 miles per hour?
DoNow
•  C a l c u l a t e t h e
following rate of
change:
A man climbs a steep hill for 3 hours
beginning at an altitude of 400 feet and
ends at 700 feet.
What is the rate of change during his/
her climb of the steep hill?
Measurements
Isolines
Isolines
•  Linesconnec:ngpointsofequalvalues.
(Isomeansequals)
–  Contourlines
–  Isotherms
–  Isobars
•  Isolinesshowtherela:onshipof2variables.
ContourLines
•  Contourlines:connectpointsofequaleleva:on.
Isotherms
•  Isotherms:pointsofequaltemperatureona
maporchart.
Sample Isotherm Map Color Scheme
found at: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wx/surface.rxml
Isotherms
Isolines
•  Isobars:Pointsofequalairpressureonamap
orchart.
Isotherm 1-6
Howtodrawisolines
1.  Isolinesgothroughthe
numberofthesamevalue.
Ex.Drawcontourlinesof10m
and20m.
1.  Isolinesrunbetweennumbers 50
thatarehigherandlowerofits
value.Ex.Drawthecontour
linefor50m.
50
Drawcontourlinefor40°F
40
40
IsolinesAc:vityMap1
IsolinesAc:vityMap2
Isotherm 2-1
IsolinesAc:vityMap3
IsolinesAc:vityMap4
DoNow
•  Copytheques:onbelowandwritedownan
answer…
Do isolines ever cross each other?
Explain