ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA
●
2015. május 13.
Biológia angol nyelven
emelt szint
Javítási-értékelési útmutató 1411
BIOLÓGIA
ANGOL NYELVEN
EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI
ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA
JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI
ÚTMUTATÓ
EMBERI ERŐFORRÁSOK
MINISZTÉRIUMA
Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint
Javítási-értékelési útmutató
Instructions for marking the written paper
1. Always use red ink.
2. Put a tick next to each correct answer. Each correct tick is worth one point. Half a
point is not to be given. If a question which is worth two points is answered correctly,
put two ticks.
3. If there is a correct answer to a question which is not included in the marking scheme
you can still accept it. The same principle applies to synonyms. (e. g.: platelets —
trombocytes)
4. The equally acceptable, alternative answers are separated with a backslash (/) in the
marking scheme.
5. At the end of each task add up the points in the grey boxes.
6. At the end of the examination paper fill in the summary table by giving the achieved
score of each task and by adding them up calculate the total score.
7. Mark each correct answer with a tick on the margin in the optional essay. In the
marking scheme only the most important terms and expressions are included in the
correct logical order. You can also accept the answers if they are logically built up
even if this logic is different from the one given in the marking scheme, unless it is
otherwise stated in the given task. In the end, please add up the points of the correct
answers and write them into the appropriate boxes of the summary chart.
In the essay, points can only be given for answers responding to the guiding questions.
8. If the candidate started answering both optional tasks (A and B) act according to the
instructions given under the heading of ‘Important Information’.
9. If the candidate is expected to formulate an answer in full sentences (e.g. reasonings
and explanations) only grammatically correct sentences can be accepted. Do not
subtract points for spelling mistakes but do not accept ambiguous sentences
either.
Good luck for your work!
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Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint
Javítási-értékelési útmutató
I. Linne
13 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 1.1; 2.3.4; 3.4.1-2-4;
2.1.4 The source of figure: original / 100 koronás banknote
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. A
Each correct answer is 1 point.
II. Living forest and dead trees
12 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 3.3.1-2, 5.2.1
Source of Figure: original. Hőscincér: naturephoto-cz.comnagy-hoscincer-picture_hu-9637.html
1. symbiosis / mutualism
1 point
2. commensalism
1 point
3. A, D
1+1 = 2 points
4. A
1 point
5. B
1 point
6. B
1 point
7. B
1 point
8. B
1 point
9. D
1 point
10. C
1 point
11. E.g.:There is more light around the fallen trees than in other parts of the forest, the
beech seedlings require a lot of light and that is why more of them can develop in
these places.
1 point
Reference to the uneven distribution of any environmental condition affecting the beech
seedlings can be accepted. Other ideas like the increased humus content can also be
accepted. The point can only be given if the reasoning is given in the required format.
III. Laughter prescribed
5 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 4.6, 4.8.1-4. Pap
János nyomán Ritmus magazin 2013, május
1. Sympathetic: blood circulation is speeded up / pulse rate increases / blood pressure (in
men) increases.
1 point
Parasympathetic: increased intestinal motility / digestive processes are activated / blood
pressure decreases / pulse rate (in women) decreases.
1 point
2. Adrenal gland.
1 point
3. The alternating contraction and relaxation of the muscles exert a ‘muscle pump’ effect /
during inspiration the chest cavity exerts a suction force on the veins ascending from the
abdominal cavity.
1 point
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4. As a result of laughing there is an ‘increased number of natural killer cells and
lymphocytes’ which are the cells responsible for carrying out various stages of the
immune response.
1 point
Alternative wording can also be accepted
IV. Operons
9 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 4.8.4. and 6.1.3.
The source of Figures: http://academic.pgcc.edu/~kroberts/Lecture/Chapter%207/regulation.html
1.
structural genes
1 point
repressor protein
1 point
operator
1 point
RNA polymerase / RNA synthesising enzyme
1 point
lactose
1 point
2. A
1 point
3. The lactose switches on, the tryptophan inhibits the transcription of the structural genes.
1 point
Alternative wording is also acceptable.
4. negative feedback
1 point
5. Tryptophan synthesis; reasoning: following the addition of the substance (tryptophan) the
rate of enzyme synthesis is decreased. Reasoning is required for 1 point.
1 point
V. Like people the salt
9 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 3.4.4., 4.4.4., 4.6.,
4.7. and 4.8.4.The source of Figure: http://www.studyblue.com
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
E
C
alimentary/digestive canal / skin
125 ml filtrate is released into the nephron per minute according to the graph, which
means: 125×60×24 = 180 000 ml = 180 l
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. B
Each correct answer is 1 point.
VI.
Graphs
11 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 1.3.; 4.5.1.; 4.6.3.;
4.8.1.; and 6.2.2. Figures: original
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A ,D, F, H
B, J
E
I
C, K
G
írásbeli vizsga 1411
1+1+1+1= 4 points
1+1= 2 points
1 point
1 point
1+1= 2 points
1 point
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2015. május 13.
Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint
Javítási-értékelési útmutató
VII. Breakdown processes
11 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 2.1., 2.2.3. and 4.4.
1. C
2. A, E
3. urea, uric acid
4-10.
1 point
1 + 1 = 2 points
1 point
Citric acid
cycle
Glycolisis
4.
7.
10.
9.
6.
8.
5.
Terminal
oxidation
Each correctly placed number is 1 point, a total of 7 points. If a number is written in more
than one place no point is to be given.
VIII. Earlobes and genes
10 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 6.2.1 and 6.3.1 The
source of Figure: Campbell and Reece: Biology. Pearson Inc., San Francisco, 2008
1. It is a recessive trait because the parents with unattached earlobes can have a child with
attached earlobes. (Pl. A+B  F vagy H+I  L.) With reasoning
1 point
2. No, because if it was possible the man H could not have unattached earlobes.
(The girl L received recessive alleles from both parents) With reasoning
1 point
3. No because if it was possible, there could be no girl with attached earlobes
(however, K and L are girls). Only with reasoning.
1 point
4. E, M
1+1 = 2 points
5. 25%
1 point
6.
The frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (those with attached earlobes): q2 = 0.04.
The frequency of the recessive allele is its square root: q = 0.2.
1 point
The frequency of individuals with unattached earlobes: p2 + 2pq = 0.96.
The frequency of homozygous individuals with unattached earlobes: p2 = 0.64
The frequency of heterozygous individuals with unattached earlobes: 2pq = 0.32 1 point
The proportion of heterozygotes within the population of people with unattached earlobes:
2pq / (p2 + 2pq) = 0.32: 0.96 = 0.333
1 point
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Within the population of individuals with unattached earlobes a child with attached earlobes
can only be born from the marriage of two heterozygotes. The possibility of such a marriage:
0.333 .0.333 = 0.111
Since the possibility of having a homozygous child from such a marriage is 0.25 the overall
possibility in question: 0.111 . 0.25 = 0.028 (2.8%)
1 point
Other correct solutions can also be accepted for a total of 4 points.
IX. A
Motor function of the nervous system
20 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 4.8.1.; 4.8.3.
Two movements
7 points
1. D
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. D
Each correct answer is 1 point.
Essay
13 points
•
Withdrawal reflex / reflex of skin origin: protection
1 point
receptors are the free / (naked) nerve endings detecting pain.
1 point
Knee jerk reflex / reflex of muscle origin: maintaining balance / normal posture / muscle
tone / adjusting muscle length
1 point
receptors: muscle spindle / tendon organ (Golgi organ)
1 point
•
The function of the cerebellum is to coordinate the movement / maintain balance / fine
tuning movements.
1 point
•
Frontal cerebral cortex – origin
1 point
one part of it (pyramidal tract) passes down without synapsing on other neurons, while,
1 point
other part of it (extrapyramidal tract) synapses on other neurons in the nuclei below the
cortex and in the brainstem.
1 point
While passing down, the tracts decussate,
1 point
and terminate on the motor neurons in the ventral horn (of the spinal grey matter on the
opposite side) / in the nuclei of the brain stem.
1 point
Function: to learn new movements / to control fine movements (pyramidal tract) – naming
a concrete learnt movement is also acceptable, and
1 point
to control movements which (are/have become) automatic (e.g. walking) – naming a
concrete learnt movement is also acceptable
1 point
The consequence of injury: paralysis / impaired functioning of the opposite side.
1 point
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IX. B
Javítási-értékelési útmutató
Green circulation
20 points
The pressure flow model
7 points
This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 1.3, 3.4.3. and
5.1.1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B, C
1+1 = 2 points
B
1 point
The stained liquid starts moving towards flask 2.
1 point
A, E
1+1 = 2 points
We can compare the speed at which the stained fluid is moving when the tap is open in the
setup just described with the speed of fluid movement when the flasks are not immersed
into the cylinders.
1 point
Movement of water in plants – Essay
13 points
•
Plants can take up water from the soil if the water occurs in the soil water / in between the soil
colloids,
1 point
and the water is not available for the plants if it is strongly bound to the surface of the soil
colloids (colloidal water, hydration shell).
1 point
•
Water is taken up through the extensions of epidermal cells / root hairs
1 point
by osmosis / diffusion.
1 point
In alkaline soil where the soil water has a high concentration of salt
the concentration difference between the soil water and root cells is reduced
and therefore osmosis / the uptake of water is hindered.
•
Water leaves the plant through the surface of green leaves and stems
by evaporation / diffusion.
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
•
The regulation of water content is achieved by regulating the rate of evaporation / stomatal
action.
1 point
•
Water molecules are used in photosynthesis,
1 point
where the H atoms are used for the reduction of CO2 / are built into glucose/organic
substances
1 point
whereas the O atoms form O2 gas.
1 point
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