Bubble
Bubbles
Bubbles in a liquid experience either an attraction or a repulsion
to one another based on what angle from the horizontal they are
to each other. The attraction is caused by a low pressure zone
formed between the bubbles since the liquid velocity in this zone
is larger. Repulsion occurs when the bubbles are closely aligned to
the vertical and the bubbles exert a pressure on each other that
pushes them away. In a more viscous liquid, the rules of attraction
and repulsion are reversed.
When one bubble meets another they join either to make one larger
bubble, or share walls. By becoming one giant sphere, or sharing
walls, the bubbles are still seeking out the smallest surface area.
Bubbles of the same size that join will form flat walls with each
other while a smaller bubble joining a larger one will bulge the
shared wall into the interior of the larger bubble. A general rule
is that the bubble walls will meet at an angle of 120 degrees.
If enough of the bubbles meet they form flat walls and become
hexagons, or polyhedrons and foam is created.
bub·ble
/ˈbəb(ə)l/
noun
1.
a thin sphere of liquid enclosing air or another gas.
2.used to refer to a good or fortunate situation that is isolated
from reality or unlikely to last.
-Google definition
Bubble
A bubble is gas trapped in a liquid. In our experiments we used air
trapped within water and soap as well as carbon dioxide trapped
within vinegar.
With air trapped inside of the water and soap, the encasement was
composed of three layers: soap, water, and soap.
The soap has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic components to it,
meaning there is some aspect of the soap that is repelled by the
water and some that is not. The hydrophilic components arrange
themselves to be on either side of the thin layer of water while
the hydrophobic components are repelled away, but the surface
tension of the soap is strong enough that the parts do not
separate. Bubbles pop as water molecules make their way past the
soap and evaporate.
The addition of sugar to the water will help bubbles last longer
because the sugar binds with the water, slowing its evaporation,
instead of excluding it like the soap. Adding glycerin is even more
effective because it does not allow the water to evaporate at all.
In fact it is hygroscopic, meaning it actually absorbs water from
the air. Popping is also caused by gravity pulling the liquid in
the bubble down until it requires too much energy to retain its
shape.
Bubbles will always try to become a sphere because a sphere has the
least amount of surface area, therefore requires the least amount
of energy to maintain- “minimal surface structure”.
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Foam
Fourth, the foam theory does not say much about the internal
workings of the cells. They generate small worlds of their own and
operate according to internal logics, but other than this, the
inner organization is not really explored in foam theory.
According to Peter Sloterdijk, foam is a kind of natural
tensegrity, especially when it ceases to take the form of
“individualistic” foam, in which, in a liquid solution, individual
bubbles float pass each other hardly touching. If a foam grows old
and dry, a complex internal architecture arises. Many bubbles
burst; the residual air from the burst bubble then enters the
adjacent bubbles, and the foam dries up from within. Beautiful,
morpho-logically discerning structures arise, polyhedron foams.
They are completely defined by the motif of co-isolation, which is
to say the foam cell shares with its neighbor the fact that it is
separate from it–my walls are your walls. What joins us is that we
have turned our backs on each other. The concept of co-isolation
is fundamental for the universe of foamy shapes. The adjacency of
world projects or living spaces within a co-isolated structure has
a quality different from the vicinity of spaces within traditional
segmented cultures.
foam
/fōm/
noun
1. a mass of small bubbles formed on or in liquid, typically by
agitation or fermentation.
verb
1. form or produce a mass of small bubbles; froth.
-Google definition
We experimented with the foam at two levels, the one with a medium
density and one with a higher density to understand the difference
in reactions and properties of both types. In the first experiment
the water was mixed with the detergent and the air was introduced
into the liquid to created agitated bubbles/polyhedrons joined
together, leading to creation of foam. In the second experiment we
added baking soda to the vinegar which caused an immediate reaction
to form foam.
http://www.smu.edu/Dedman/academics/departments/math/Research/Foam%20Structure
In this experiment the air was created in the liquid, with minute
bubbles much larger in number as opposed to the first experiment.
It was found out that in the high density “foam” the reaction was
faster and individual bubbles had no distinguible identity which
was different from the medium density “foam” where each bubble was
an identifiable single unit.
First, foam theory implies that we see organizations as complex
composites that have no real centre. In foam, whether as physical
substance or social entity, there is no core from which other
bubbles emerge or to which they need relate. Rather, since no
bubble is per definition more important than others, new bubbles
may emerge from any part of the foam structure. Second, since foam
is at the centre of attention, the individual subjects and their
capacities, interests and motives are not the analytical starting
point. Third, it follows from the foam-theoretical perspective that
the cells do not pursue some overall and common organizational
goal. Rather, they are concerned with their own immunity
strategies, i.e. strategies for preserving the fragile membrane of
the cell.
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“The limits of my capacity for transference are the limits of my world.”
- Peter Sloterdijk
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“It was an error to believe that the human world consti-tuted a shared stage for all
living creatures. Each living creature has its own special stage that is just as real
as the special stage the humans have…. This insight offers us a completely new view of
the universe as something that does not consist of a single soap bubble which we have
blown up so large as to go well beyond our horizons and assume infinite proportions, and
is instead made up of millions of closely demarcated soap bubbles that overlap and intersect everywhere.”
- Peter Sloterdijk
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“I will only remain on the trail of Platonic references in the sense that I will develope, more obstinately than usual, the hypothesis that love stories are stories of
form, and that every act of solidarity is an act of sphere formation, that is to say
the creation of an interior.”
- Peter Sloterdijk
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