Name_________________________
200 points total
Reproduction of Organisms
LESSON 1 Sexual
Date
Period
Vocabulary>>Writing Sentences Directions: Write a sentence that uses each
of the terms and explains the relationship between the terms.(4 points each sentence )
1. egg, sperm
Reproduction and Meiosis 50 points this page
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the vocabulary word that
matches it correctly. Each term is used only once.
_____________
1. production of an offspring through the
combination of egg and sperm
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
2. female sex cell
4. joining of egg and sperm
4. fertilization, sexual reproduction,
5. the cell formed by fertilization
6. body cell or zygote, which has pairs
5. homologous chromosomes, diploid
7. male or female sex cell that has only one
chromosome from each pair
_____________
3. meiosis, mitosis
3. male sex cell
of chromosomes
_____________
2. fertilization, zygote
6. meiosis, homologous chromosomes
8. process by which one diploid cell divides
into four haploid cells
_____________
9. two chromosomes that have genes for the
7. meiosis, diploid, haploid
same traits in the same order
Directions: On the line before each statement, write correct if the statement is correct
or not correct if the statement is not correct. Use proofreading marks to make the
statement correct.
10. Sexual reproduction produces offspring that is
Directions: Write the correct vocabulary word in each box.
6.
__________
identical to the parents.
11. During mitosis, the number of chromosomes in
each cell stays the same.
__________
4.
1.
__________
2.
12. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in
each cell stays the same.
__________
__________
13. Meiosis produces egg cells in female organisms.
5.
14. Mitosis produces sperm cells in male
organisms.
Buffalo Book 18 Life iScience Chapter 4
Page 1
3.
Standard 4
Reproduction passes information from parent to offspring
Objective 1 Compare how sexual and asexual reproduction passes genetic information from parent to offspring.
Name_________________________
Date
Period
Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
Clone from the past?
Key Concept Why is meiosis important? 30
Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction
that produces offspring from cells taken
from a multicellular organism. Scientists
have successfully cloned sheep. But can
they produce a clone from an animal that
died more than 23,000 years ago?
points this page
Directions: Answer each question.
1. If a male mouse, Mus musculus, has 40 chromosomes in each body
cell, how many chromosomes does a female of the same species
have in each body cell?
The Woolly Mammoth
temperatures that preserved the fossil also
severely damaged the chromosomes in the
mammoth’s body cells. Extreme cold had
burst the cells. There was not enough DNA
to clone the mammoth.
New Hope
In 2007, scientists discovered yet
another mammoth in Siberia. “It’s a lovely
little baby mammoth indeed, found in
perfect condition,” said Alexei Tikhonov,
deputy director of the Russian Academy of
Science’s Zoological Institute. “This
specimen may provide unique material
allowing us to ultimately decipher the
genetic makeup of the mammoth.”
The baby mammoth, named Lyuba,
once again raised hopes of cloning a
mammoth. Dr. Ian Barnes of the University
of London stated that he now believes a
mammoth will be cloned in his lifetime.
Tikhonov, however, points out that
whole cells are needed for cloning. He is
doubtful that Lyuba’s cells, which endured
freezing temperatures, are intact. Other
scientists note that, even if a mammoth
is cloned, its natural habitat no longer
exists. They argue that it would be better
to spend time and resources preserving
endangered species that are now in danger
of extinction.
6. A mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has six chromosomes in each body cell.
In 1999, a helicopter pulled an
18-metric-ton block of ice and soil from
the ground in northern Siberia. Inside that
huge block were the frozen remains of a
woolly mammoth. Other mammoths had
been discovered before. But most were
fossilized bones and tusks. This mammoth,
called the Zharkov mammoth, was thought
at first to be well preserved. Some of its skin,
hair, and soft tissue appeared to be intact.
Scientists hoped to clone the woolly
mammoth by extracting DNA from its cells.
Studies have shown that mammoths have a
close genetic relationship with modern
elephants. So the mammoth’s DNA would
be placed in the egg cell of a female
elephant. The elephant would serve as a
substitute mother. Eventually, she would
give birth to a live woolly mammoth.
As the fossil was carefully thawed,
however, scientists found that only a
small fraction of its soft parts were intact.
Further study showed that the same cold
Illustrate fertilization. Label the following egg, sperm, meiosis, male,
female, fertilization, zygote, number of chromosomes in each cell.
Applying Critical-Thinking Skills
2. How many homologous pairs of chromosomes does the male have?
3. How many chromosomes would be in a sperm cell and in an egg cell?
4. How many chromosomes would be in an offspring?
5. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes would be in an
offspring?
6. What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?
7. How does meiosis help maintain diploid cells in offspring? Answer in
a short paragraph. Use the terms chromosomes, diploid, haploid,
fertilized egg, and sex cells in your answer.
1. Explain the main obstacle to cloning the woolly mammoth.
2. Deduce the information that scientists might learn—other than
genetic makeup—by studying the remains of an extinct animal
Buffalo Book 18 Life iScience Chapter 4
Page 2
Standard 4
Reproduction passes information from parent to offspring
Objective 1 Compare how sexual and asexual reproduction passes genetic information from parent to offspring.
Name_________________________
LESSON 2
25 points this page
Asexual Reproduction
Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each definition. Then
unscramble the letters from the shaded boxes to spell an eighth term.
Date
Period
Directions: On the line before each statement, write correct if the statement is correct
or not correct if the statement is not correct. If the statement is not correct, change the
underlined word(s) to make it correct.
__________
1.
__________
2.
__________
3.
__________
4.
__________
5.
__________
6.
__________
7.
__________
8.
__________
9.
__________
10. Many unicellular eukaryotes reproduce by
1. cell division in prokaryotes
2. a type of asexual reproduction in
which a new organism grows on
the body of the parent organism
3. the process of growing living
tissue in a laboratory
4. possibility
5. asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows from a piece of
its parent
6. the production of offspring by one parent without meiosis and
fertilization
7. asexual reproduction by plants
8. When they are unscrambled, the letters in the shaded boxes spell
, which is the process of making
A hydra grows a new hydra on its body
using a form of asexual reproduction called
budding.
Cloning produces identical individuals from
a cell or cluster of cells taken from a unicellular
organism.
In all types of sexual reproduction,
offspring are produced by one parent organism.
Some animals can grow a new limb in a
process called regeneration.
A form of asexual reproduction in which
offspring grow from a part of a parent plant is
called vegetative reproduction.
A disadvantage of asexual reproduction is
that the organisms can reproduce without using
the time and energy to find a mate.
Cell division in prokaryotes is known as
mitotic cell division.
Some animals have been cloned using the
cytoplasm from a cell in one parent.
dividing into two offspring through
mitosis and cell division. This form of
reproduction is known as mitotic cell division
identical individuals.
Buffalo Book 18 Life iScience Chapter 4
Page 3
Meiosis and fertilization are not a part of
asexual reproduction.
Standard 4
Reproduction passes information from parent to offspring
Objective 1 Compare how sexual and asexual reproduction passes genetic information from parent to offspring.
Name_________________________
Date
Asexual Reproduction 40 points
Key Concept What is asexual reproduction, and why is it beneficial?
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Define asexual reproduction.
Period
Read the paragraph. Answer these questions. (13 points)
Many plants and animals are adapted to reproduce both ways. There are advantages to
each method. Jellyfish are an example of an animal that can reproduce both ways. They
reproduce sexually but they also reproduce asexually. The asexual way allows them to make
many copies of themselves that have an easier time finding a mate than one copy would. The
sexually reproducing copies can then find a mate and produce offspring with different traits.
These different traits may give the offspring an advantage that the parents didn’t have.
1. What is one advantage to sexual reproduction?
2. Explain why the offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically
identical to each other and to their parent.
2. What is one advantage to asexual reproduction?
3. Which cell division produces cells with exact copies of chromosomes?
4. Which cell division produces reproductive cells with one half of the
chromosomes?
3. List and describe six types of asexual reproduction.
5. What is the term for the male reproductive cell after meiosis?
6. What is the term for the female reproductive cell after meiosis?
7. How many chromosomes are in the reproductive cells (egg & sperm) of
a human?
8. How many chromosomes are in most other cells of a human?
9. How do the reproductive cells regain their proper chromosome number
after meiosis?
4. Explain how plant cloning is useful for farmers and scientists.
10. Which type of reproduction will produce organisms with the same traits
as the parent?
11. Which type of reproduction will produce organisms with only some of
the parents’ traits?
5. Identify the two main advantages for organisms that reproduce
asexually.
12. Which type of reproduction can produce organisms with traits that may
not appear in either parent?
13. What would you say is the most important difference between the two
types of reproduction?
Buffalo Book 18 Life iScience Chapter 4
Page 4
Standard 4
Reproduction passes information from parent to offspring
Objective 1 Compare how sexual and asexual reproduction passes genetic information from parent to offspring.
Name_________________________
30 points this page
Date
Period
Reproduction of Organisms
Interpreting a Diagram
Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer.
Directions: Use the diagram to respond to each statement.
1. Which type of cell must occur before to produce reproductive cells in
Mother
sexual reproduction?
Father
2. How many parents are there in asexual reproduction?
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
3. What are the titles of the two parents in sexual reproduction?
Egg
a.
Completion
Sperm
b.
c.
Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence.
4. The sex cells of a sexually reproducing organism are called
_______ cells because of the number of chromosomes they
d.
contain.
5. The process of __________ produces egg cells and sperm
cells.
e.
6. During meiosis I, the pair of __________ separates.
7. The body cells of a sexually reproducing organism are called
__________, because they have two copies of each
13. Label this diagram by writing the correct term on each line.
14. Identify which cells in the diagram are haploid.
chromosome.
8. Cell division in prokaryotic organisms is called __________.
15. Identify which cells in the diagram are diploid.
9. Many __________ eukaryotic organisms reproduce asexually
16. Predict what would happen if meiosis did not occur in your diagram.
by mitotic cell division.
10. The process of an offspring growing on the body of its parent by
mitosis and cell division is called__________.
11. The joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is called
17. Judge whether sexually reproducing organisms always have an even
number of chromosomes in their body cells. Justify your answer.
__________________.
12. The process of producing genetically identical individuals from cells
in a laboratory is called __________.
Buffalo Book 18 Life iScience Chapter 4
Page 5
18. Predict what would happen if mistakes occurred in the replication or
separation of chromosomes during meiosis.
Standard 4
Reproduction passes information from parent to offspring
Objective 1 Compare how sexual and asexual reproduction passes genetic information from parent to offspring.
Name_________________________
Date
Label for each picture in the box: 25 points this page
Answer the questions on the lines.
a. Animal or Plant or Protista
b. Label which of the six types of asexual reproduction (page 626)
Period
2 a.
2 b.
3 a.
3 b.
2. & 3. What is the difference between planting onions and potatoes?
____________________________________
4 a.
4 b.
1. Why do aspen trees take over a yard? ___________
1 a.
1 b.
5 a.
5 b.
4 & 5 Describe how to share a potted plant with a friend.
_____________________________________
8 a.
8. b.
7 a.
7 b.
6 a.
6 b.
6. How does cutting a Planaria not necessiarily kill it?
________________________________
Buffalo Book 18 Life iScience Chapter 4
Page 6
9 a.
9 b.
9. How does a small packet of yeast cause a loaf of
bread to increase in volume? ______________________
Standard 4
Reproduction passes information from parent to offspring
Objective 1 Compare how sexual and asexual reproduction passes genetic information from parent to offspring.