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The History of Marijuana Policy in America and Where We are Headed Webinar Organizer Mis0 Storie, MS, NCC Director of Training & Professional Development Presented by: Frank Greenagel, LCSW, LCADC, ICADC, ACSW NAADAC, the Associa0on for Addic0on Professionals [email protected] December 4, 2014 Earn Free Con*nuing Educa*on thru NAADAC -­‐ www.naadac.org/webinars Earn Free Con*nuing Educa*on thru NAADAC -­‐ www.naadac.org/webinars Using GoToWebinar Hosted By Obtaining CE Credit Objectives ì  Control Panel ì  Asking Ques0ons ì  PowerPoint Slides ì  Polling Ques0ons ì  Audio (phone preferred) ì  www.naadac.org/
historyofmarijuanapolicy §  The educa0on delivered in this webinar is FREE to all professionals. §  1.5 CEs are FREE to NAADAC members or subscribers of AccuCare who aNend this webinar. Non-­‐members of NAADAC and non-­‐subscribers of AccuCare receive 1.5 CEs for $20. §  If you wish to receive CE credit, you MUST complete and pass the “CE Quiz” that is located at: (look for TITLE of webinar) ì 
www.naadac.org/historyofmarijuanapolicy ì 
www.naadac.org/webinars §  A CE cer0ficate will be emailed to you within 21 days of submi\ng the quiz and payment (if applicable) – usually sooner. 1)  recall the history of marijuana policy in America; 2)  understand the effects of marijuana on the body and brain; and 3)  discuss the pros and cons of decriminaliza0on vs. legaliza0on. §  Successfully passing the “CE Quiz” is the ONLY way to receive a CE cer*ficate. 1
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Presenter Frank Greenagel, LCSW, LCADC, ICADC, ACSW, CJC, MPAP Execu?ve Director College Recovery, LLC fl[email protected] www.greenagel.com • 
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Frank L. Greenagel Jr. LCSW, LCADC, ACSW, C JC, ICADC MPAP Candidate • 
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www.greenagel.com Rutgers Recovery House NJ Heroin Task Force United State Army Medical Officer College Treatment Center Tell ‘Em What You’re Going to Tell’Em What Is It Legal History Data Effects on the Brain Effects on the Body Problems With Legaliza0on Taxing It Edibles Irony of Legaliza0on Further Reading Closing Thoughts Audience Polling Ques0on #1 Should people go to jail for possessing marijuana? ì  Yes ì  No ì  I am not sure Audience Polling Ques0on #2 Should marijuana be legalized? ì  Yes ì  No ì  I am not sure Audience Polling Ques0on #3 Will marijuana tax revenues bring in significant revenue? ì  Yes ì  No ì  I am not sure 2
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Audience Polling Ques0on #4 Should marijuana be decriminalized? ì  Yes ì  No ì  I am not sure Marijuana: What Is it? •  Partnership for a Drug Free America •  Marijuana, the most olen used illegal drug in this country, is a product of the hemp plant, Cannabis sa0va. The main ac0ve chemical in marijuana, also present in other forms of cannabis, is THC (delta-­‐9-­‐
tetrahydrocannabinol). Of the roughly 400 chemicals found in the cannabis plant, THC affects the brain the most. Marijuana: Other Names Marijuana: Consump*on •  Aunt Mary, Boom, Chronic, Dope, Gangster, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Herb, Kif, Mary Jane, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Weed, Trees •  Smoking: pipes, bongs, joints, blunts, roach clips, and other items •  Vaporizer, which heats herbal cannabis to 330–375 °F (166–191 °C), causing the ac0ve ingredients to evaporate into a vapor without burning the plant material •  Cannabis tea •  Edibles Marijuana Marijuana •  Marijuana in the 60’s to 80’s •  Sensi Star Pla0num Kush AK-­‐47 3
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Marijuana •  Pineapple Express Skywalker OG History •  1600 – 1700’s •  Marijuana and hemp cul0vated freely in America •  Amount is in dispute History •  1937 •  Marijuana Tax Act: required registra0on & a tax to import, buy or sell •  annual fees for the tax were $24 for importers, manufacturers, and cul0vators of cannabis, $1 annually for medical and research purposes, and $3 annually for industrial uses. Marijuana •  Purple Kush History •  1870’s •  Could legally buy it in shops, including several cafes in NYC History •  movie Reefer Madness comes out in 1938 –  ANempted manslaughter –  Homosexuality –  Suicide –  Rape –  Insanity •  Public eye in 1970’s 4
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History •  1956 •  Narco0c Control Act •  APA says it is a disease (AMA in ’55, BMA in ’53) •  made drugs illegal •  any offense other than 1st possession results in jail w/o proba0on •  Heroin, cocaine & marijuana History •  1960’s •  Hippies & Social Ac0vism •  Increased experimenta0on with drugs History •  1970 •  Comprehensive Drug Abuse Preven0on and Control Act •  repealed or revised all previous acts & amendments •  1) money towards treatment •  2) developed DEA to control drugs History 1971 Na0onal Household Survey on Drug Abuse begins every year (every 3 years at first, becomes annual in ’88) -­‐  monitors drug use paNerns • 
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History 3) schedule of drugs developed I : no medical use, lack of safety heroin, marijuana, MDNA (ex) II: morphine, cocaine, methamphetamines, oxycodone •  III: steroids, barbiturates, phenomoral (THC in pill form), hydrocodone •  IV: benzodiazepines •  V: codeine • 
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History •  1984 -­‐ 86
•  Mandatory Minimums and 3 Strike Laws •  25 year sentences for 3rd strike 5
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History •  Nancy Reagan –  Just Say No –  1980’s –  Cri0cs: overly simplis0c; expensive; didn’t address educa0on, poverty, mental health History •  1996 •  California Prop 215 •  Oakland Cannabis Buyer’s Club: "provide seriously ill pa0ents with a safe and reliable source of medical cannabis, informa0on and pa0ent support“ (AIDS, Chronic Illness) •  Rejected by US Supreme Court in 2001 History •  1988 •  Omnibus Drug Law -­‐ more restric0ons for possession à could lose property in some states -­‐ forfeit public housing if criminal ac0vity History •  2003 •  California Senate Bill 420, Medical Marijuana Protec0on Act •  ID Cards •  Co-­‐ops can form to grow and distribute marijuana •  2010 •  Governor Schwarzenegger signs bill effec0vely decriminalizing marijuana use History History •  1996 •  Individuals can be refused cash or food stamps if they have a felony convic0on of possession, distribu0on of drugs (states have op0on to opt out of law) •  2008 •  MassachuseNs -­‐ Ques0on 2 passes 65%-­‐35% -­‐ anyone caught with 1 oz. or less of THC is fined $100 and must turn pot over -­‐ decriminalizes 1 oz. or less 6
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History 2012 Colorado (similar law in Washington) Amendment 64 passes 55 – 44 in Nov of 2012 Legalizes Recrea0onal Use as of 1/1/2014 21 years old 1 oz for in-­‐state residents, ¼ oz for out of state 2013: 10 – 15% sales tax •  2013 •  S0ll illegal by Federal Government •  Obama administra0on announces that it will not fight states •  Ques0on of funding for ins0tu0ons that receive federal dollars •  Banks and credit companies can’t accept marijuana transac0ons – cash business Data – Gallup Polls Data – Gallup Polls Data -­‐ NIDA Data – Pew Poll 2013 Monitoring the Future Study: Trends in Prevalence of Marijuana/ Hashish for 8th Graders, 10th Graders, and 12th Graders; 2013 (in percent)* Drug Time Period 8th Graders 10th Graders 12th Graders Marijuana/ Hashish Life0me 16.50 35.80 45.50 Past Year 12.70 29.80 36.40 Past Month 7.00 18.00 22.70 Daily 1.10 4.00 6.50 • 
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48% of adults have tried it 12% used in the last year 56% of people 30 and under have tried it 27% in the last year 7
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Hazelden-­‐Begy Ford Poll 2014 • 
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Hazelden-­‐Begy Ford Poll 2014 40% of 18-­‐25 year olds have tried it If parents ac0vely use it, 75% of the kids do If parents have never tried it, 15% of kids do 60% think it does not hurt the brain Marijuana’s Effects on the Brain •  Decreased cogni0ve func0oning for up to two months aler (single) use •  Withdrawal symptoms peak aler 3 days –  Irritability –  Restlessness –  Anxiety –  Depression –  Cravings –  Insomnia Marijuana’s Effects on the Brain •  2011 Archives of General Psychiatry –  “The results of meta-­‐analyses provide evidence for a rela0onship between cannabis use and earlier onset of psycho0c illnesses…The results suggest the need for renewed warnings about poten0ally harmful effects of cannabis” Marijuana’s Effects on the Brain •  2002 Journal of American Medicine –  Long term heavy users show impairment in memory and aNen0on •  Severe damage to developing brain –  8 IQ points •  1987 Swedish Study –  Marijuana users were 6x more likely to develop schizophrenia – independent risk factor Marijuana’s Effects on the Body •  Decreased lung func0on •  Chronic respiratory track symptoms –  Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Frequent phlegm –  Strong link to obstruc0ve long disease •  Increased bronchi0s episodes •  Acute cardiovascular issues…need for long term studies •  High likelihood of cancer…need for studies 8
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Other Facts •  Less than 5% of people in medical marijuana programs have cancer, HIV or glaucoma •  ER Visits –  1991: 16,251 –  2008: 374,000 –  Panic aNacks, paranoia, psycho0c symptoms, respiratory problems, cardiovascular distress •  12% of Fatal Car Crashes in CO involve THC 9
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Six Problems With Legaliza*on Six Problems With Legaliza*on •  (1) the tax revenues won’t nearly be as high as proponents claim they’ll be •  (2) if the tax rate is too high, it will encourage the black market sale of marijuana •  (3) if the tax rate is too low, it will encourage people from neighboring states to come buy it •  (4) legalized marijuana means more people will do it •  (5) increase in the number of people arrested for underage marijuana use. this will also require more police. once you hire police, they stay hired (you don’t temporarily hire them) •  (6) the underage people that are more likely to get off from their marijuana charges are white males Taxing It Edibles •  Basing Marijuana policy on Alcohol or Tobacco Policy •  Alcohol Tax •  $1 costs $10 •  Marijuana? 1 in 5? 1 in 3? •  Colorado $40 million. •  Colorado’s budget in 2013 was $20 billion dollars. So the expected revenue is 1/500th •  Maureen Dowd’s bad trip •  hNp://www.today.com/health/maureen-­‐
dowds-­‐bad-­‐pot-­‐trip-­‐reminder-­‐its-­‐easy-­‐eat-­‐
too-­‐2D79758946 •  Spring breaker jumps to death in Denver •  hNp://www.denverpost.com/news/
ci_25475533/denver-­‐coroner-­‐man-­‐fell-­‐death-­‐
aler-­‐ea0ng-­‐marijuana •  Kids ea0ng THC edibles thinking they are food Edibles Pot Vending Machines •  Where to put them? 10
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Irony of Legaliza*on Irony of Legaliza*on – More PSA’s •  800,000 Marijuana arrests in 2012 •  2.7 Million Alcohol Arrests in 2009 (non-­‐
violent) –  Age viola0on, public intoxica0on, DUI •  Legaliza0on means more use –  Alcohol –  RX Drugs •  Higher costs to criminal jus0ce system Further Reading Further Reading •  hNp://www.nbcnews.com/business/markets/
pot-­‐industry-­‐gets-­‐wise-­‐ways-­‐washington-­‐
n170636 •  hNp://www.la0mes.com/science/
sciencenow/la-­‐sci-­‐sn-­‐regular-­‐marijuana-­‐
shrinks-­‐brain-­‐20141110-­‐story.html •  hNp://www.nbcnews.com/business/markets/
pot-­‐industry-­‐gets-­‐wise-­‐ways-­‐washington-­‐
n170636 Audience Polling Ques0on #5 Now what do you think? Should people go to jail for possessing marijuana? ì  Yes ì  No ì  I am not sure Audience Polling Ques0on #6 Now what do you think? Should marijuana be legalized? ì  Yes ì  No ì  I am not sure 11
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Audience Polling Ques0on #7 Audience Polling Ques0on #8 Now what do you think? Now what do you think? Will marijuana tax revenues bring in significant revenue? Should marijuana be decriminalized? ì  Yes ì  Yes ì  No ì  No ì  I am not sure ì  I am not sure Closing Thoughts Closing Thoughts •  Big Tobacco and other companies have sponsored some of the state ballot ini0a0ves •  Contemplate the world of business and marijuana mixing •  What type of user does McDonalds, Big Tobacco, Alcohol, Video Games and Porn make money off of? •  The Future –  Increased use –  Less tax revenues than expected –  More accidents; More respiratory problems –  Con0nued push for ADHD meds –  More treatment episodes –  More data and research: Remove from Schedule I –  Let other states be the petri dish •  Good news –  Drug tests work very well NAADAC NAADACorg Frank Greenagel fl[email protected] www.greenagel.com 1001 N. Fairfax Street., Ste. 201 Alexandria, VA 22314 phone: 703.741.7686/800.548.0497 fax: 703.741.7698/800.377.1136 [email protected] www.naadac.org/educa0on Thank you for participating! Asking Questions Naadac [email protected]
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www.naadac.org/historyofmarijuanapolicy ì 
www.naadac.org/webinars §  A CE cer0ficate will be emailed to you within 21 days of submi\ng the quiz and payment (if applicable) – usually sooner. §  Successfully passing the “CE Quiz” is the ONLY way to receive a CE cer*ficate. NAADAC NAADACorg Frank Greenagel fl[email protected] www.greenagel.com 1001 N. Fairfax Street., Ste. 201 Alexandria, VA 22314 phone: 703.741.7686/800.548.0497 fax: 703.741.7698/800.377.1136 [email protected] www.naadac.org/educa0on Naadac [email protected]
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