MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEOMATICS
SVG 211: PHOTOGRAMMETRY 1, TUTORIAL WORKSHEET
NB: all photo coordinates are measured with respect to the flight line axes
1. A camera has a focal length of 45.00 mm.Its f-stop settings range from f/3.5 to f/22.What is the
maximum and the minimum diameter of diaphragm aperture?
2. An exposure is optimum at a shutter speed of 1/00 sec and f/5.6.If it is necessary to increase the
shutter speed to 1/1000 sec, what should be the corresponding f/stop to retain optimum exposure?
3. What is a characteristic or H and D curve?
4. List the requirements of a precision aerial mapping camera.
5. Name and briefly describe the various types of aerial cameras.
6. An aerial camera makes an exposure at a shutter speed of 1/100 sec.If the aircraft speed is
1250km/h.how far will the aircraft travel during the exposure.
7. Why is camera calibration important?
8. Assume that the photo coordinates of points a and b are xa=57.28 mm,ya=51.84 mm,xb=83.71 mm,
and yb=-60.48 mm.Calculate the photo distance ab,the radial distance oa and ob, and the obtuse
angle aob.
9. Given that xa=-112.70mm, ya=0.00mm, xb=0.00mm and yb=-112.82 mm.Calculate xe and ye if Sa and
Sb are measured as 145.28mm and 160.43mm, respectively.
10. Name and briefly discuss the various systematic errors which exist in photographic coordinates.
11. Aerial photograph was taken, with a camera having a 6-inch focal length, from a flying height of
8000 feet above mean sea level. What is the scale of the photograph at an elevation of 1250 feet
above mean sea level?
12. Aerial photographs are to be taken for highway planning and design. If a 6- inch focal length
camera is to be used and if an average scale of 1:3000 is required, what should be flying height
above average terrain?
13. Vertical photography for military reconnaissance is required. If the lowest safe flying altitude
over enemy defenses is 12000feet, what camera focal length is necessary to achieve a photo scale of
1:20 000?
14. The distance on a map between two road intersections on a flat terrain measures 5.03 inches.
The distance between the same points on the vertical photograph is 3.64 inches. What is the scale of
the photograph if the scale of the map is 1:24 000.
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15. Points A and B are at elevations 1365 and 1640 feet above datum, respectively.The photographic
coordinates of their images on a vertical photograph are xa=68.27 mm,ya=-32.37 mm,xb=-87.44 mm
and yb=26.81 mm.What is the horizontal length of the line AB if the photo was taken from 16 000
feet above datum with an 8.25 inch focal length camera.
16.Images a,b,c of ground points A,B,C appear on the vertical photo taken from a flying height of
7500 ft above datum. A 6-inch focal length camera was used .Points A, B, C have ground elevations
of 725, 640, 1095 ft respectively above datum. Measured photo coordinates xa =-2.371 inches,
ya=1.864 inches, xb=2.062 inches, yb=3.183 inches, xc=3.704 inches, yc=-3.138 inches. Calculate the
lengths of the lines AB, BC, AC and the area within the triangle ABC.
17. An area has an average terrain of 1000 ft above datum. The highest points on the area are 1750
ft above datum. If the camera focal plane opening is 9 inch squire, what flying height above datum is
required to limit relief displacement of 0.25 inches? If the camera focal length is 8, 25 inch what is
the resulting average scale of the photography?
18.On a vertical photograph images a and b of the ground points A and B have photographic
coordinates xa=-12.68 mm,ya=70.24 mm xb=89.07 mm and yb=-92.41 mm.The horizontal distance
between A and B is 3784 ft and the elevations of A and B ARE 1328 AND 1243 ft above datum
respectively. Calculate the flying height above datum if the camera had a 6-inch focal length?
19. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of aerial mosaics as compared to conventional line
and symbol maps.
20. Outline some of the uses of aerial mosaics,
21. Name and describe the various kinds of mosaics.
22. What are some of the monocular methods of perceiving depth?
23. What is a parallactic angle?
24. Compare advantages and disadvantages of the pocket and mirror stereoscopes.
25. Give a step by step procedure of orienting photos for stereoscopic viewing.
26. What is y parallax? What are the causes of the y parallax in a stereo model?
27. Calculate the approximate vertical exaggeration in a stereo model from photos taken with a 6inch focal length camera having a 9-inch format if the photos are taken at 55% end lap at a flying
height of 800 ft above ground.
28. Explain the principle of the floating mark.
29. The airbase of the stereo pair of vertical photos was determined to be 1838 ft.The focal length of
the camera was 152.10 mm.The image coordinates of ground point A, on elevation 856 ft above the
datum, were determined on the left photo as xa=1.68 mm and on the right photo x’a =-86.37
mm.What is the flying height above the datum for the stereo pair?
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30. A pair of overlapping vertical photos is taken from a flying height of 2000 ft above ground with a
6 inch focal length camera. The x coordinate on the left photo of the air base and top of the certain
pine tree are 2.46 and 2.56 inches respectively. On the right photo these coordinates are -1.08 and 1.13 inches respectively. Determine the height of the tree.
31.The image of two control points A and B appear on the overlapping area of a stereo pair on
vertical photos which were taken with a camera focal length of 152.45 mm The following photo
coordinates and ground coordinates apply to points A and B.
Point
Left photo
coordinates
x,mm
y,mm
Right photo
coordinates
x'mm
y'mm
A
26.25
-96
-65.07
-95.99
B
-2
34.2
-92.62
34.18
Ground
Coordinate
s
X ft
Y ft
91741.
256334.4
6
89626.
256616.4
1
Calculate the airbase of the stereo pair.
32. A rectangular area 22.53082 km in the S-E direction by 12.87475 km in the E-W direction is to be
covered with aerial photography having a scale of 1:8000.Endlap and Side lap are to be 60% and 25%
respectively. A camera having a 9-inch square format is to be used. Compute the total number of
photographs in the project, assuming that the flight strips are parallel with the east and west project
boundaries. Also add two photos at the ends of each strip to ensure complete coverage.
33. Explain the difference between basic control and photo control.
34. Describe the characteristics of a good horizontal and vertical photo control points.
35. State the national map standards of accuracy for both horizontal positions and elevations.
36. Describe the three conventional field methods used in horizontal control survey.
37. Name and describe the different field techniques used in establishing vertical control.
38. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial targets as opposed to using natural
targets.
39. List the seven basic characteristics of photographic images that are considered in photographic
interpretation and give an example of how each may be used to identify a particular object.
40. List and briefly discuss the five principal elements studied stereoscopically in terrain analysis.
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