13 colonies
NEW ENGLAND
• Hampshire, England
• Massachusetts – Native
American “living near
the Big Hill”
• Native American
Quinnehtukqut (beside
the long tidal river)
• Rhode means red in
Dutch (from the red
clay)
NOT England!
England = Europe
New England = America
New England Towns
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•
•
Plymouth
Boston
Portsmouth
Providence
Hartford
Most people came to New England to
practice the Puritan religion
Plimouth, Massachusetts
Separatists
First Thanksgiving 1621
• To thank the Native
Americans for helping
the Pilgrims.
Rhode Island and Connecticut– more
freedom than with the Puritans in
Massachusetts
• Roger Williams
• Anne Hutchinson
• Thomas Hooker
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
Representative Government
NEW ENGLAND
TOWN MEETING
• CONGREGATIONALIST
CHURCH MEETINGS
• no pope, no bishop
New England Peddlar–
traveling salesman
Building ships, and trading
Fishing and Whaling
Middle Atlantic
• New York – York,
England (king’s brother
Duke of York)
• Pennsylvania (Penn’s
woods –Latin sylva)
• New Jersey—Jersey
Island, England
• Delaware—
Lord De la Warr
(proprietor)
Towns
• New York City
• Albany
• Philadelphia
• Trenton
New York had been New Amsterdam
New Amsterdam was defeated by the
British in 1664
• Peter Stuyvesant, last
governor
Pennsylvania 1681
• William Penn
• A haven for Quakers
(Society of Friends)
• Believe in
– Non violence
– Do not fight in war, but
serve in medical corps
– No priests, ministers,
rabbis
– Against slavery
– For Native American rights
– Called each other “thee”
and “thou”
– Do not use titles
Mid Atlantic Economy
• Trade
• Farming – wheat
• Corn
John Peter Zenger 1735
freedom of the press
South
• Maryland – Queen
Henrietta Maria
• Virginia—Queen
Elizabeth the Virgin
• North and South
Carolina—King Charles
II (in Latin Carol)
• Georgia—King George
Southern Towns
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Baltimore
Jamestown
Williamsburg
Richmond
Wilmington
Charleston
Savannah
Atlanta (later)
Maryland 1632
• George Calvert, Lord
Baltimore
• A haven for Roman
Catholics
• Maryland Toleration Act
1649– religious
freedom for all
Christians
• Hate speech against
other Christians fined
South – Chesapeake Bay, rivers
Jamestown,
Virginia 1607
• Founded by a Joint
stock company to make
a profit - GOLD!
• Found tobacco instead
• John Rolfe stole sweet
Caribbean tobacco, and
made it grow in Virginia,
and married
Pocahontas
Agriculture: Tobacco, Rice (enslaved Africans taught
Europeans how to grow), Indigo
•
Workforce needed
• Indentured Servants–
England, Germany
• Kidnapped Africans
In the beginning, there was little legal difference
between servants and enslaved (enslaved could buy
their freedom or have “half-freedom”)
• First person known to
be enslaved– John
Punch, 1640—as
punishment for
running away—
European indentured
servants only served
for more years
Slave Trade– Triangular trade
Middle Passage
Another triangle (but slaves always in
the Middle) molasses to rum to slaves
Slave Trade– Triangular trade
Middle Passage
• Tobacco and rice from North America (on New
England ships)
• To England
• Guns to African kingdoms
• African dictator kings kidnap enemies
• Kidnapped people are sent to North America
Colonial slavery was NOT about cotton
More African enslaved after English
Glorious Revolution 1688 (fewer
desperately poor Englishmen) and revolts
scare wealthy – Bacon’s Rebellion 1676
• Africans also Revolt! Stono Rebellion 1739