Conversion Factors
Table of Contents
Threaded fittings...................................................... 2023
Labware—Glass, SS, Ceramic.........................2024–2025
Labware—Plasticware......................................2026–2027
Labware—Chemical resistance.......................2028–2029
General chemical compatibility charts...........2030–2038
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Conversion Factors
Length
Pressure/Vacuum
Multiply
to get
inch
ft
ft
yard
Angstrom
2.54
12
0.305
1.094
1010
to get
Divide
cm
inch
meter
meter
meter
1
28.31
1.699
472
0.125
63.1
0.134
0.227
3.785
29.57
to get
Divide
mL/min
L/min
m3/hr
mL/min
GPM
mL/min
cfh
m3/hr
L/min
mL/min
Flow rate
Multiply
to get
cc/min
cfm (ft3/min)
cfm (ft3/min)
cfh (ft3/hr)
cfh (ft3/hr)
GPH
GPH
GPM
GPM
oz/min
Equations
Density Conversions
Specific Gravity x 1 = g/mL
g/L x 8.345404 = lb/gal
lb/gal x 0.119826 = g/mL
Humidity
Absolute humidity (as g/m3)
D =
=
H =
PO=
D =
e =
DS=
eS =
t =
T =
804
x e
1 + 0.00633t
PO
H
100
x
804
x e
1 + 0.00633t
PO
relative humidity (% RH)
standard air pressure (mm Hg)
absolute humidity (g/m3)
water steam pressure (mm Hg)
absolute humidity in saturation (g/m3)
saturated water steam pressure (mm Hg)
temperature (°C)
dew point temperature
Dew point temperature (as °C)
237.3/75
–1
T =
log e – 0.786
e = H x eS; eS = 6.1078 x 10 7.5t/(237.3 + t)
100
Multiply
to get
atm
atm
atm
atm
atm
atm
bar
bar
bar
ft H2O
kPa
kPa
kPa
psi
Volume
33.9
760
1033.2
14.70
1.013
101.3
14.5
0.9869
100
0.4335
0.01
0.1450
7.5
0.0703
to get
Divide
ft H2O
mm Hg
g/cm2
psi
bar
kPa
psi
atm
kPa
psi
dyne/cm2
psi
mm Hg
kg/cm2
0.746
42.44
396,000
1.014
0.7376
44.25
0.1368
0.072
70,600
0.00706
0.0001
to get
Divide
kW
Btu/min
lb in/min
metric hp
lb ft/sec
lb ft/min
kg-m
kg-cm
dyne-cm
Nm
tesla
Miscellaneous
Multiply
to get
hp
hp
hp
hp
watts
watts
lb-ft
oz-in
oz-in
oz-in
gauss
Temperature
°F = (1.8 x °C) + 32
°C = (°F – 32) x 0.555
°Kelvin = °C + 273.2
Heating and Cooling
Cooling capacity of chillers
Btu/hr =
∆T (°F) x Specific heat of fluid
flow rate (GPM)
Specific heat of water = 500 Btu/hr/GPM/°F
Specific heat of oil = 350 Btu/hr/GPM/°F
Heating water in tanks
Volume (gallons) x ∆T (°F)
kW =
325 x Heat-up time (hours)
Heating oil in tanks
Volume (gallons) x ∆T (°F)
kW =
800 x Heat-up time (hours)
Heating flowing water
kW = Flow (GPM) x ∆T (°F) x 0.16
Relative humidity (as % RH)
eS
RH =
x 100 = D x 100
e
DS
Relative Centrifugal Force
Multiply
to get
cubic cm (cc)
oz (fluid)
cubic ft (ft3)
cubic ft (ft3)
cubic meters
gal
gal
gal
quart
quart
cup
cup
pint
pint
bushel
bushel
bushel
60
0.1371
0.008571
3.88794
5760
13.1657
0.822857
373.242
480
1.09714
0.068571
31.1035
27.344
0.0625
0.003906
1.77185
7000
16
453.592
437.5
0.0625
28.3495
3.0865
0.2
15.432
0.0353
0.4536
28.35
to get
Divide
grains
Avdp oz
Avdp lb
grams
grains
Avdp oz
Avdp lb
grams
grains
Avdp oz
Avdp lb
grams
grains
Avdp oz
Avdp lb
grams
grains
Avdp oz
grams
grains
Avdp lb
grams
grains
grams
grains
oz
kg
grams
Mass
Multiply
to get
Apoth dram
Apoth dram
Apoth dram
Apoth dram
Apoth lb
Apoth lb
Apoth lb
Apoth lb
Apoth oz
Apoth oz
Apoth oz
Apoth oz
Avdp drams
Avdp drams
Avdp drams
Avdp drams
Avdp lb
Avdp lb
Avdp lb
Avdp oz
Avdp oz
Avdp oz
carats
carats
grams
grams
lb
oz
Concentration
Molar (M) =
Weight % =
Volume % =
rcf = (11.18 x 10–6) RN
R = rotating radius in cm
N = rotation speed in rpm
1
29.57
7.48
0.0283
1000
128
3.785
0.8333
0.25
0.9464
236.59
8
0.125
0.4732
9.3092
35.239
64
to get
Divide
mL
mL
gal
m3
liters
oz (fl)
liters
imp gal
gal
liters
mL
oz (fl)
gal
liters
gal
liters
pints (fl)
ppm =
Moles of solute
Liters of solution
Grams of solute x 100%
Grams of solute +
grams of solvent
Liters of solute x 100%
Liters of solution
mg of solute
mg of solute
=
kg of solution
Liters of water
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2013
TECHNICAL DATA
Conversion / correction factors...... 2013–2016
Pumps and hydraulics............................ 2017
Electrical data.................................. 2018–2020
Enclosure ratings.................................... 2020
Regulatory agencies and approvals...... 2021
Temperature.................................... 2022–2023