2/4/2016
Ch 1 Sec C
Ch 1 Sec C
Layers of the Atmosphere
Layers
of the
Atmosphere
1
3
Ch 1 Sec C
Ch 1 Sec C
Layers of the Atmosphere
By Temperature
Classified by How Temperature Changes
As altitude increases:
•
•
•
•
2
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Temp Gets Hotter
Temp Gets Cooler
Temp Gets Hotter
Temp Gets Cooler
4
1
2/4/2016
Ch 1 Sec C
Ch 1
Layers of the Atmosphere
Sec C
Layers of the Atmosphere
Isothermal Layers
Between the First 4 Layers of the ATM
Named by the layer below them:
• Mesopause
• Stratopause
• Tropopause
On top of the Mesosphere
On top of the Stratosphere
On top of the Troposphere
5
Ch 1 Sec C
7
Ch 1 Sec C
Layers of the Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere
By Temperature
•
•
•
•
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
260Kft 80Km
above 150Kft 47Km
above 36Kft
11Km
above 0 Kft
0Km
above
6
8
2
2/4/2016
Ch 1
Ch 1 Sec C
Layers of the Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere
Sec C
By Composition
• Ozone Layer 60,000 to 90,000Ft
–Protects against solar UV radiation.
• Ionosphere
above 200,000 Ft.
–Varies from winter to summer
–
and night to day
–Reflects radio waves
9
11
Ch 2
A Meteorlogical Sounding
• Layers Characteristics Measured by a
Sounding
• Sounding Made by:
– Weather Baloon
– Radiosonde
– Radiosonde Measures:
• Temperature, Pressure, and Humidity
• Location using GPS
• And Transmits that data to the Launch site
Sec A
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Solar Energy Transfer to Earth
Where the Sun’s Radiation Goes
19% Absorbed by the atmosphere
6 % Reflected by the atmosphere
20% Reflected by Clouds
4% Reflected by Earth’s surface
51% Absorbed by the Earth’s surface
Does it get hotter or colder as you go up?
How is the atmosphere heated?
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3
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How the Atomosphere is Heated
1. Most of the Electromagnetic Radiation(EMR) from the Sun
Passes through the Atmosphere
2. Most of that EMR is absorbed by the surface of the Earth and
the surface is warmed.
3. The lower atmosphere touching the surface is heated by
conduction with the surface.
4. That Air convects upward heating the rest of the
Troposphere.
Amount of Sunlight
• Is a function of Solar Elevation Angle
• Depends on
– Time of Day
– Time of Year
– Where on Earth
• Memory Aid: TOD, TOY, WOE
Ch 2
Sec A
Ch 2
Sec A
Solar Energy Transfer
to
Earth
Solar Energy Transfer to Earth
Do Lab 3 in folder Labs
• Amount of solar radiation hitting a
unit it area on the surface is the
Earth is dependent on the
“Solar Elevation Angle”
14
• “Solar Elevation Angle” 
• Sin(cos(h)cos( cos(   
sin( sin()
• h=Hr angle, Sun’s declination
=latitude on Earth
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Ch 2
Ch 2
Sec A
Sec A
Solar Energy Transfer to Earth
Solar Energy Transfer to Earth
•
•
•
•
• “Solar Elevation Angle”  depens on:
• h=Hr. angle, Sun’s declination
=latitude on Earth
• h: depends on time of day
•  depends on day of year
• : depends on where on Earth
17
h: roughly equals abs(Time -12)*15o
 Solar Declination
Is -23o on 12/21 & 23o on 6/21
: depends on where on Earth
is the latitude: 37.3o in San Jose
19
Ch 2
Sec A
Solar Energy Transfer to Earth
• h: roughly equals abs(Time -12)*15
o
•  Solar Declination
Is -23o on 12/21 & 23o on 6/21
• : depends on where on Earth
18
5