Prenatal Nutrition Guide for s mom e to-b Prenatal Nutrition Guide Off to a good start: Preconception Start ensuring a healthy future for your baby, even before you conceive The Pre-Pregnancy Cleanse 3 3 The right weight The bottom line on weight gain Where does all the baby weight go? Body mass index 5 5 5 The do’s Eat organic Eat just enough Get sufficient protein Focus on fruits, veggies, & grains Smart supplements Bone up on your calcium needs Go fish For vegan mamas Anti-nausea tips 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 Mommy Mocktails Pear“tini” Mango“tini” 8 8 Healthy Recipes for a Happy Mama Creamy Vanilla Pear Smoothie Happy Baby’s Great Greens Smoothie Happy Tot™ Sweet Potato Muffins Veggie Cream Cheese Spread 8 8 9 9 Why Organic? Clean 15 Our Nutrition Team Making a Difference 10 10 11 12 ! NEW y p Hap ze ee Squ 10 delicious flavors, all 100 calories or less! Off to a Good Start: Preconception Start ensuring a healthy future for your baby, even before you conceive Some nutrients are thought to support fertility, while others are so important for developing babies that it’s recommended you have a good supply from the very first day of your pregnancy. If you’re trying to become pregnant, it’s a good idea to take a prenatal vitamin each day. Here are some vitamins and minerals of particular interest before (and during) pregnancy: Antioxidants – Prevent cell damage that may play a role in infertility. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are highest in antioxidants like selenium, vitamin E and vitamin C. Folic Acid – Prevents neural tube defects like spina bifida. The body won’t store up extra folic acid – you need it every day. Since its role in fetal development is so early in pregnancy it’s recommended that all women of childbearing age get at least 400 mcg per day. It’s in prenatal vitamin supplements, and also found in fortified grains and cereals, leafy greens (e.g., spinach), broccoli, oranges, beans, peas, and peanuts. Zinc – This mineral plays a role in sperm production by men, and ovulation and fertility in women. It’s recommended that you get 15mg per day. Good sources include beef, lamb, pumpkin seeds, yogurt, spinach, broccoli, peas, and leafy greens. Iron – Pregnant women are at risk for becoming irondeficient and anemic. By making sure you have good sources of iron in your diet now, you can start with a good supply of this important mineral. Food sources include: lean red meats, beans, tofu, fortified cereals, leafy greens, and shitake mushrooms. The Pre-Pregnancy Cleanse Many of the chemicals in the environment and toxins in the food supply accumulate in the body in fatty tissues. This means that exposures to chemicals before conception may cause Baby to be exposed as well. Now’s a great time to clean up your diet and immediate surroundings in preparation for pregnancy. Here are some great first steps: © 2013 Nurture, Inc. Eat organic! Reduce your exposure to synthetic pesticides, synthetic hormones and antibiotics by choosing organic foods. Avoid mercury Steer clear of these fish which are highest in the contaminant methylmercury which can build up in your body and cause neurological damage: tilefish, king mackerel, swordfish, and shark. Instead, choose these safe, low-mercury fish (the ones with a * are particularly rich in omega-3 fatty acids): Anchovies*, Catfish, Flounder, Halibut* (limit to fewer than 6 servings per month), Herring*, North Atlantic Mackeral*, Pollack, Salmon*, Sardines*, Shrimp, Tilapia, Trout*, Tuna (canned, chunk light*; limit to fewer than 2 cans per week) Choose kitchen plastics carefully Avoid polycarbonate plastic, the hard clear plastic coded with the number 7 that may leach a hormone-disrupting chemical called BPA into foods and drink. Instead, choose safer plastics like those labeled with a 1, 2, 4, or 5, and never put plastics in the microwave. Better yet: avoid plastics in favor of stainless steel, aluminum, and glass. Avoid the artificial Chemical additives like artificial colors (e.g., Blue 1, Red 40) and artificial sweeteners (e.g., aspartame, acesulfame K) are best avoided during pregnancy, so why not start cleaning them out of your diet now? Besides, these ingredients tend to be found in foods with limited nutritional value like junky snack foods, sweetened cereals, and “diet” foods. Go for whole and natural nutrient-packed foods instead. Test your drinking water Most municipal tap water is considered safe, however studies indicate some sources may have contaminants like chlorine, bacteria, and industrial chemicals. Plus, old pipes may leach lead into your water. Pick up a simple hometesting kit at your local hardware store and test your water for safety. If you have a well that provides your drinking water, a licensed well contractor can test both the well and the pump for contamination. 3 The Right Weight Give yourself a pre-pregnancy diet makeover! The eating style that’s recommended in pregnancy is basically the same as the one all adults should be consuming - fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, not too much refined sugar or processed foods. If this doesn’t sound like your diet, don’t wait until you see a positive pregnancy test to do a diet overhaul. Start today and you’ll have time to ease into these healthy habits: A healthy diet during pregnancy will help mama gain just the right amount of weight to support baby’s growth and development. • Aim for a healthy weight with a balanced diet and moderate exercise Weight gain recommendations are based on your prepregnancy weight.Women who are overweight or obese don’t need to accumulate as many fat reserves, so their weight gain recommendations are lower. Women who are underweight may need additional stored energy, so it’s recommended that they gain more weight. See the table below for details about healthy weight gain during pregnancy. If you’re carrying twins or triplets, talk to your doctor or midwife about how much weight you should try to gain. • Eat whole foods; avoid highly processed foods • Wean off high amounts of caffeine (i.e., more than 2 cups of coffee per day) • Seek help for a dependency on alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs Some of the weight gained in pregnancy is actual baby weight — the weight of your baby’s developing body. Other weight comes from amniotic fluid, extra blood to support your body’s needs, and extra fat to provide energy for the amazing task at hand. • Talk to a professional about an eating disorder Pre-pregnancy weight (BMI) Total weight gain Weekly weight gain 2nd 1st Trimester & 3rd Trimester Normal Less than 5 lbs. Slightly less than 1 lb. 5 to 10 lbs. 1 lb. Less than 5 lbs. 2/3 lb. Less than 5 lbs. 1/2 lb. (18.5-24.9) Underweight Overweight Obese (<18.5) (25-29.9) (30) Pre-pregnancy weight (BMI) Total pregancy weight gain Normal 25-35 lbs. (18.5-24.9) Underweight Overweight Obese (30) (<18.5) 28-40 lbs. (25-29.9) 15-25 lbs. 11-20 lbs. Your doctor or midwife will check your weight periodically throughout pregnancy. If he or she is concerned, you’ll be advised to cut back on extra calories in your diet, or to be more active with regular light to moderate exercise. © 2013 Nurture, Inc. 4 The do’s: Grow a healthy, happy baby with a healthy diet Avoiding excess weight gain is important, because too much weight in pregnancy may result in: • An increase in your risk of gestational diabetes • More stretch marks, varicose veins and backaches • Elevated blood pressure • A larger size baby, resulting in a more difficult delivery & recovery after birth • A more difficult time losing the weight The bottom line on weight gain It’s important to keep it under control, but there’s no need to obsess. Eat right, stay as active as you can, and your weight should stay in an ideal range. Where does all the baby weight go? As the saying goes, “you are what you eat.” When you’re pregnant, your diet not only supplies you with sustenance and health, but it supplies the baby, too. Here are prenatal eating tips to help you create the optimal diet for you and your baby. Eat organic Organic foods are grown without the use of chemical pesticides, chemical fertilizers, synthetic hormones, antibiotics, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). By choosing organic foods, you reduce your exposure to pesticides and other chemicals, and you reduce your baby’s exposure, too. Given how vulnerable developing babies are to toxic exposures, many experts believe that pregnancy is a most crucial time for choosing organics over conventionally produced foods. See “why organic?” For more information. Blood volume increase Maternal fluid 3.5 lbs. 3 lbs. Eat just enough Make food choices with your baby in mind, but don’t “eat for two” — you’ll eat too much! During the 1st trimester your body doesn’t need extra calories (Baby is only the size of a shrimp!) During the 2nd and 3rd trimesters you do need 300 extra calories per day. You may be surprised to learn that it’s not so much extra food. Here are ideas for 300-calorie additions to your daily diet: UterusMaternal fat stores 2 to 3 lbs. 8 to 10 lbs. • 8 oz low fat yogurt with ¼ cup low fat granola BabyPlacenta 7 to 8.5 lbs. 1.5 lbs. Breasts Amniotic fluid 1 to 3 lbs. 2 lbs. Total 28 to 35 lbs. Body mass index Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height & weight that applies to both adult men and women. You can easily compute your BMI by using the online calculator at nhlbisupport.com/bmi/, The National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute is a part of the National Institutes of Health, US Dept. of Health and Human Services. BMI categories Underweight = < 18.5 Normal weight = 18.5 - 24.9 Overweight = 25 - 29.9 Obesity = 30 or greater © 2013 Nurture, Inc. • 1 tbsp. peanut butter on 1 slice whole wheat toast with 1 cup skim milk • ½ cup premium ice cream • 1 oz cheddar cheese and ¼ cup hummus (chickpea spread) with 8-10 wheat crackers • 1 oz pretzels with an apple and 1 cup low fat chocolate milk • Granola bar with an orange and ½ cup low fat milk • 1 oz (about 15-20 halves) walnuts with ¼ cup raisins & 1 chocolate kiss or a few chocolate chips 5 Get sufficient protein It’s essential for maintaining your muscles and growing tissue like the placenta and umbilical cord. Choose 3 servings of protein rich foods each day during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters when your body needs at least 60 grams of protein each day. Many protein rich foods like beef, shellfish and chickpeas, are also good sources of zinc, an important mineral. Here are examples of one serving of protein foods. (Non-meat sources tend to contain less protein so the serving size is larger to meet the recommended intake.) • 2 ½ to 3 oz poultry, pork, or beef • 3 to 3 ½ oz fish or shrimp (equivalent to about 14 large shrimp)* • 7 egg whites • 3 whole eggs plus 1 white • 1 cup egg substitute • 2 ½ cups (20 ounces) of milk • 2 cups yogurt • 3 oz aged cheese (e.g., Cheddar, swiss) • ¾ cup cottage cheese • 9 oz (1 cup) tofu • 1 ½ cups beans or chickpeas Focus on fruits, veggies & grains Just as before you’re pregnant, these healthy foods should make up the foundation of your daily diet during pregnancy. Be sure to include sources of beta carotene, a powerful antioxidant found in yellow and orange foods like yellow squash, papaya, apricots, pumpkin, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes, and carrots. Eat sources of vitamin c, too. This antioxidant is not only good for the immune system but it also helps your body absorb iron. Sources include citrus fruits like oranges, grapefruit, tangerine, orange or grapefruit juices, tomatoes and tomato products, and potatoes. Smart supplements Certain vitamins and minerals are so essential that most practitioners recommend supplements to ensure proper intake. These include: Folic acid Required for the development of your baby’s neural tube – the tissues that become the brain and spinal cord. You © 2013 Nurture, Inc. need 600 to 800 micrograms of folic acid each and every day, the amount provided by prenatal vitamins. (If you’re not taking a prenatal multivitamin, ask your doctor or midwife about taking a folic acid supplement.) Iron Produces hemoglobin, which carries the oxygen in your blood to your body tissues. A deficiency causes anemia (you should be tested for this during your 2nd trimester). You need between 15 and 30 milligrams of iron per day – a recommendation that may be difficult to meet with your diet alone. Most prenatal vitamins contain 60 mg. Choline This essential nutrient plays a crucial role in baby’s brain development, so your needs are higher in pregnancy and while you are breastfeeding. Choline is found in eggs, certain meats, and fortified foods. Choose a prenatal vitamin supplement which contains choline. Bone up on your calcium needs Calcium strengthens bones and teeth – both yours and baby’s. It may also prevent high blood pressure. You need 1000 to 1500 milligrams per day – not too much different than your requirements before pregnancy. Your prenatal vitamin will provide about 400 to 500 milligrams. In your diet, aim for four servings of calcium-rich foods like low fat milk (including lactose free milk), yogurt, cheese, fortified cereals and juices. • Choose calcium-rich snacks like string cheese, low fat yogurt, or smoothies made with frozen fruit and low fat yogurt. • Instead of coffee, try a decaf latte or a steamed skim milk. • Have some chocolate milk when you’re craving sweets. • Top a potato or bowl of soup with shredded low fat cheese. • Try cottage cheese topped with granola for a tasty breakfast. • Make an easy dip for veggies – add fresh herbs to plain yogurt. 6 Go fish Many varieties of fish provide DHA, an essential omega-3 fatty acid which will be a major building block for baby’s brain and eyes. Choose these safe, low-mercury fish. • Anchovies* • Catfish • Flounder • Halibut* (limit to fewer than 6 servings per month) • Herring* • Mackeral* (north atlantic mackeral, not king mackeral which is highest in mercury) • Pollack • Salmon* • Sardines* • Shrimp • Tilapia • Trout* • Tuna (canned, chunk light*; limit to fewer than 2 cans per week) * Particularly rich in omega-3 fatty acids To settle the stomach – anti-nausea tips Being pregnant is an exciting and joyful adventure. Unfortunately, for some of us it can also be a bit nauseating! If you’re feeling queasy, here are some tips that may help: Avoid hunger — Dips in blood sugar can only make nausea worse. Try to eat a little something every couple of hours. It may help to keep pretzels or crackers by your bed so that you can eat before you even get out of bed in the morning. Bubbles! – If you have indigestion the bubbles in seltzer or all-natural soda may help to settle your stomach. Get some exercise — You may be feeling that you can’t even get up from the couch, much less “exercise” but once you get out there on a walk or hop on a stationary bike or do a prenatal yoga class you’ll understand why we suggest it. Even just a few minutes of light activity can help with nausea and also boost your energy level. Sour fruits – Many women find that sour tasting fruity flavors help to ease nausea, particularly if the nausea is accompanied by a bad taste in your mouth. Try lemonade or sour apple organic lollypops, for example. Starch yourself — Starchy foods like baked potatoes and rice are usually well tolerated. If you prefer something crunchy, pretzels or potato chips may hit the spot. The nose knows – Avoid smells that turn your stomach, and keep things that have a fresh scent nearby. Take a whiff of a cut lemon, a slice of ginger, or a sprig of rosemary when you need something more pleasant to smell. For vegan mamas If you eat zero animal products (i.e., no meat, no milk, no eggs) you need supplemental vitamin B12 during pregnancy. Seek out good sources including fortified cereals, fortified soy milks, and nutritional yeast, and ask your ob or midwife if you should be taking a supplement. © 2013 Nurture, Inc. 7 Mommy Mocktails Healthy Recipes for a Happy Mama Alcohol may be on the not-allowed list for now, but that doesn’t mean you have to skip celebrations! Try some of Creamy Vanilla Pear Smoothie 4 oz. organic vanilla yogurt 1/2 cup organic milk 1-2 pouches of Happy Baby™ Starting Solids Pear 1 ripe banana Dash of cinnamon these innovative “mocktails”, developed by Happy Mama™ Hillary Berman. After your baby arrives, you can substitute a sparkling wine for the apple cider or soda. Pear“tini” 1 part Happy Baby™ Starting Solids pear 3 parts sparkling apple cider Diced pears (garnish in bottom of glass) Add ingredients to blender and puree until smooth. Mango“tini” Happy Baby’s Great Greens Smoothie 3 oz. Happy Baby™ Simple Combos Spinach, Mango & Pear or Happy Tot™ Spinach, Mango & Pear 1 medium or small banana 2 tbsp. non-fat vanilla yogurt 2 tbsp. non-fat plain yogurt (for sweeter taste, substitute plain yogurt with 2 tbsp. vanilla yogurt) 1 cup pineapple coconut juice (add more or less juice to alter consistency) 1 part Happy Baby™ Starting Solids mango 3 parts lemon-lime soda Diced mangos (garnish in bottom of glass) After baby is born, substitute champagne for cider and lemon-lime soda. Created by Happy Mama Nicole Auker Blend all ingredients until the desired consistency is reached. Yield: 16 oz. Created by Happy Mama Rose Maizner © 2013 Nurture, Inc. 8 Happy Tot™ Sweet Potato, Apple, Carrot & Cinnamon Muffins 1 cup quick-cook oats 1 cup whole wheat flour 1/2 cup all-purpose flour 3/4 tsp. cinnamon 1 tsp. baking powder 3/4 tsp. baking soda 1/4 tsp. salt 1/2 cup organic cane sugar 1/2 cup organic milk 1 egg, lightly beaten 3 Happy Tot™ Sweet Potato, Carrot, Apple & Cinnamon pouches 1 Happy Baby™ Starting Solids Pear pouch 4 tbsp. organic butter, unsalted 1 tsp. vanilla extract 1 cup raisins (optional) Veggie Cream Cheese Spread 1 cup low-fat organic cream cheese, softened 2-3 oz. of Happy Tot™ Sweet Potato, Carrot, Apple, & Cinnamon 1 small bunch fresh chives, finely chopped 1-2 tsp. flax seed, optional In a bowl, mix together the cream cheese and Happy Tot™ Sweet Potato, Carrot, Apple, & Cinnamon until well combined. Fold in chives. Spread cream cheese mixture on top of mini bagels, crackers or celery sticks. For an extra health serving, sprinkle flax seeds on top. For a chocolate topping substitute ½ Dutch unsweetened cocoa powder & ½ cup of powdered sugar for the Happy Tot™ and chives Created by Happy Mama Trina O’Boyle Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Lightly grease a standard 12-muffin pan or line with paper cups. In a bowl, combine oats, flour, cinnamon, baking powder, baking soda, salt and sugar. Mix well and set aside. In a large bowl, mix together Happy Baby™ Starting Solid Pears pouch, Happy Tot™ Sweet Potato, Carrot, Apple & Cinnamon pouches, egg, milk, vanilla extract, and oil. Add the flour mixture and mix just until the ingredients are moistened. If using raisins, gently fold in until combined. Fill each muffin cup about 2/3 full with batter. Bake 20 minutes or until done. Makes 12 muffins or 24 mini muffins. Created by Happy Mama Nicole Auker © 2013 Nurture, Inc. 9 Why organic? By Amy Marlow, MPH, RD, CDN Has a trip to the grocery store ever left you wondering: Is buying organic really worth the higher price? And what does “all natural” really mean anyway? The variety of “green” products has skyrocketed with options ranging from organic skincare lines to biodynamically grown jams. No wonder consumers are confused by the terminology and benefits of these products. Is this just another fad? What is “organic”? Organic food is generally described in terms of what it is not. It is not produced or grown with the use of synthetic chemicals, fertilizers, antibiotics, growth hormones, genetically modified seeds (GMOs) or pesticides. On the other hand, conventional farming, with its focus on producing large quantities of food as cheaply as possible has led to a pesticide-laden food market. Organic farming is more labor-intensive and less efficient than modern conventional farming and this usually means higher prices at the grocery store. But despite the higher cost, many people, myself included, believe that the benefits of eating organic food more than justify the higher cost. We challenge you to incorporate more organic foods into your and your family’s daily diet. You will be helping to cut your family’s exposure to chemicals while developing their taste for whole foods. And who knows? You may even see other positive changes – more energy and vitality, more enjoyment of your food. Personally, we think that’s worth every penny! Clean 15 Organic benefits Among the many benefits of eating organic food, the most cited one is that eating organic food reduces your exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals. University of Washington scientists1 found that when they compared preschoolers who consumed only organic foods to a group who only consumed conventional foods over a 24-hour period, the conventional food group had about 9 times more pesticide residues in their urine. Even more troubling was that the conventional group had levels that far exceeded the guidelines set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Conversely, the children in the organic food group had pesticide levels well within the accepted EPA guidelines. Another potential benefit is the nutritional value of organically grown foods. Some studies2-5 show that organic produce contains more antioxidants , particularly healthprotective flavonoids – in some cases 10 times more than conventionally grown varieties. 1. Curl, Cynthia L., Richard A Fenske, and Kai Elgethun. “Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets.” Environ Health Perspect. 2003 March; 111(3): 377–382. 2. Mitchell, Alyson E. et al. “Ten-Year Comparison of the Influences of Organic and Conventional Crop Management Practices on the Content of Flavonoids in Tomatoes.” J Agric Food Chem. Epub 2007 June 23. 3. Hunter, D et al. “Evaluation of the micronutrient composition of plant foods produced by organic and conventional agricultural methods.” Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011 Jul; 51(6): 571-82. 4. Wang, SY et al. “Fruit quality, antioxidant capacity, and flavonoid content of organically and conventionally grown blueberries.” J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jul 23; 56(14): 5788-94. Epub 2008 Jul 1. 5. Carbonaro, M et al. “Modulation of antioxidant compounds in organic vs conventional fruit (peach, Prunus persica L., and pear, Pyrus communis L.)” J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Sep 11; 50(19): 5458-62. © 2013 Nurture, Inc. 10 Nutrition Advisor Amy N. Marlow, MPH, RD, CDN Amy is a registered dietitian (RD) and New York State certified nutritionist. She holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Nutrition and Dietetics from the University of Delaware and completed her dietetics training at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville, VA. She also has a Master of Public Health degree from the University of Maryland. Amy worked as a pediatric dietitian at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington DC, where she provided nutrition care in the pediatric oncology unit, high-risk obstetrics ward, and the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. She has also consulted for a youth development program for underprivileged teens called Brainfood, and the National Cancer Institute’s 5-A-Day program. In addition to her work with Happy Family™, Amy currently helps manage a Fortune 100 company’s employee wellness program and serves on the Board of the Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. She has been published as a health writer and has presented on a variety of nutrition and health topics. Amy is the proud mother of Noah, Alana, and Jonah. © 2013 Nurture, Inc. 11 Making a Difference Project Peanut Butter Project Peanut Butter was founded by Mark Manary, a pediatrician who is saving the lives of starving children in Africa with a revolutionary 10-week therapeutic program based on peanut butter. His Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) called Chiponde could become a worldwide standard of care. The success rate of Dr. Manary’s treatment, which can be administered right in a child’s own home, is 95%—compared to 25% for traditional methods which involve traveling great distances to clinics for treatment. FEED Projects www.feedprojects.com In 2006, Lauren Bush Lauren visited countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa with the United Nations World Food Programme. Lauren saw firsthand the deep poverty and hunger plaguing these countries, and it inspired her to start FEED Projects. FEED creates quality artisan-made products using environmentally-friendly materials that help feed the world by donating a portion of the profits to organizations all over the world that work to fight hunger and malnutrition, especially in children. FEED has donated over $6 million and 60 million meals to date! Spoon Foundation Every time a parent buys a Happy Family™ product they also feed a malnourished child in Africa through PPB. Together, we have provided some 183,000 days’ worth of food to children in Malawi and Sierra Leone. Find out more by visiting www.projectpeanutbutter.org and donating to them directly. You too can make a difference, and provide the very best for children that do not have access to our resources! SPOON Foundation focuses on nutritional deficiencies in international adoptees and foster children, groups now being studied for the first time. They are among the first to disseminate current research and practical guidance to adoptive parents, helping them meet the unique nutritional needs of their children. A special nutrition guide and global cookbook is available at www.adoptionnutrition.org Healthy Child Healthy World March of Dimes Happy Family™ is proud to be a Trusted Partner of Healthy Child Healthy World. Healthy Child Healthy World has been a national leader for nearly two decades, igniting a movement of awareness and responsibility. They inform and inspire millions of people to take action and create cleaner, greener, safer environments where children and families can flourish. Healthy Child reaches over 250,000 families new families per month through engaging with parents, answering questions, and offering advice. www.healthychild.org Happy Family™ is proud to support the March of Dimes annual March for Babies in our local markets. The March of Dimes has led the way to discover the genetic causes of birth defects, to promote newborn screening, and to educate medical professionals and the public about best practices for healthy pregnancy. In addition, the March of Dimes has initiated an intensive, multi-year campaign to raise awareness and find the causes of prematurity. www.marchofdimes.com Recyclebank Recyclebank rewards people for taking every day green actions with discounts and deals from more than 3,000 local and national businesses including Happy Family™’s products. To register and get rewarded for going green visit www.recyclebank.org © 2013 Nurture, Inc. 12
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