Vocabulary
Geography
Key words
Physical
Human
Environment
Cause and effect
because
so
therefore
this
consequently
Situated
Relief
Prevailing
Atmosphere
Temperature
Latitude
Tectonics
Tourism
Industry
Maximum
Minimum
Range
Celsius
Precipitation
Pattern
Comparing
equally
similarly
in comparison
likewise
alternatively
as with
Contrasting
however
in contrast
whereas
unlike
on the other hand
yet
Average
Description
Analysis
Conclusion
Evaluation
Sequencing
initially
next
then
finally
Connectives
Adding more detail
and
also
in addition
furthermore
as well as
and then
Evaluating
however
although
nevertheless
alternatively
despite this
on the contrary
whereas
Emphasising
above all
in particular
especially
significantly
indeed
notably
more importantly
Interpreting
it would seem
it appears
indicates
shows
supports
Illustrating
for example
for instance
in other words
to show that
such as
as revealed by
Summarising
in brief
on the whole
overall
to sum up
evidently
Concluding
to conclude
in conclusion
finally
Openings
Look for the command
words in the question/task.
Structure your answer using:
PEE
Point Evidence Explain
Punctuation
Full stop
.
These are used at the end of every sentence.
Comma
,
Commas are used 1) to separate the items in a list 2) to mark
the boundaries between main and subordinate clauses.
Speech Marks/Quotation Marks
“”
These surround words actually spoken or exact quotations
from a text.
State
Give a definition, point or fact.
Exclamation Mark
Describe
Used to emphasise something. Don’t use more than one.
Say what you see.
Explain
Use connectives to say why
something happens.
Evaluate
Assessing strengths and
weakness.
Question Mark
!
?
Used at the end of a sentence that is a question.
Apostrophe
’
Apostrophes are used 1) to show possession (the cat’s tail) or
2) to mark omitted letters (can’t, don’t, won’t).
Suggest
Give a sensible answer based
on your own knowledge.
Brackets
Calculate
sentence.
Use numbers to work out an
answer or support a written
response
()
These are used to indicate extra information within a
Semi-colon
;
Semi-colons are used to join two related sentences together
or to separate items in a longer, more wordy list.
Colon
:
To improve your writing you must ensure:
Try these Spelling Strategies:
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Break it into sounds (d-i-a-r-y)
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What you are writing is appropriate for PALL (Purpose Audience Language Layout).
Sentences always start with a capital letter.
Sentences always end with a full stop or a question mark
Vocabulary is accurate.
People, places and titles have capital letters e.g. Newton, Moon, Professor.
A variety of sentences are used – simple, compound and complex.
Simple – The polar bear has small ears.
Compound – The polar bear has small ears which reduce the surface area.
Complex – With a decrease in surface area, the amount of heat lost is reduced.
Writing is organised into paragraphs – start with a topic sentence and use the 3 ‘T’s rule.
You should start a new paragraph when there is a shift of topic, viewpoint or time.
Time – Finally, we recorded all our data in a table and calculated a mean.
Topic – Another factor to consider when evaluating this experiment is…
Talk – (Not used in Science)
Details are included by using the Point, Evidence, Explain or What? And Why? structure
Spelling is accurate – use textbooks.
Punctuation has been used accurately (.,:;?)
Proof read your work aloud to ensure it makes sense.
What do marking codes mean?
Sp – spelling
Pu – punctuation is incorrect and needs checking
Exp – expression of idea could be clearer/needs re-phrasing
Cp – capital letter needed
SS – sentence structure needs altering or variation
// -- new paragraph
pp – poor presentation
u – underline
Break it into syllables (re-mem-ber)
Break it into affixes (dis-satisfy)
Use a mnemonic (necessary – one collar, two sleeves)
Refer to a word in the same family (muscle – muscular)
Say it as it sounds (Wed-nes-day)
Use analogy (bright, light, night)
Watch out for Common
Spelling Mistakes!
In Geography
Environment
Temperature
Energy
Physical
Seismic
Arctic
Antarctic
Desert
Deforestation
County
Country
Continent
Hazards
Renewable
Measurement
Height
Pollution
Fieldwork
Relief
Mix-ups
Know/no
Their/there/they’re
To/too/two
Of/off
Were/where
Weather/whether
Its/it’s
Lose/loose
Affect/effect
General
Beginning
Excellent
Separate
Until
Achievement
Because
Definitely
Opinion
Environment
Government
Really
Necessary
Which
Similarity