The Malaysian Economy
in Figures
Economic Planning Unit,
Prime Minister's Department
2016
The Malaysian Economy in Figures
2016
Prepared by
Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department
Phone : 03-8000 8000
Fax : 03-8888 3798
www.epu.gov.my
Background on Malaysia
•
Malaysia covers an area of 330,323 square kilometers and lies entirely in the equatorial zone, with the average daily
temperature throughout Malaysia varies between 21C to 32C. It is made of 13 states in Peninsular Malaysia (Johor, Kedah,
Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Selangor, Terengganu as well as the Federal
Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya) and the states of Sabah and Sarawak on the island of Borneo as well as the Federal
Territory of Labuan off Sabah.
•
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country with the principal ethnic groups of Malay, Chinese and Indian. Other significant groups are the
indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak, including Kadazan Dusun, Bajau and Murut in Sabah as well as Iban, Bidayuh and
Melanau in Sarawak.
•
Malaysia practises a system of Parliamentary democracy with constitutional monarchy. It has three branches of government the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary.
•
The Malaysian Parliament is made up of His Majesty Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Senate (Upper House) with 70 members and
the House of Representatives (Lower House) with 222 members. Out of the 70 senators in the Senate, 44 are appointed by the
His Majesty Yang di-Pertuan Agong while 26 are elected by the State legislatures. The general election for the 222 members of
the lower house must be held every five years. The last general election was held in 2013.
i
MALAYSIA: BASIC STATISTICS
2013
2014
2015
(p)
2016
Population (million)
30.2
30.7
31.2
31.4
Labour force (million)
13.6
13.9
14.2
14.6
Employment (million)
13.2
13.5
13.8 1/
Unemployment rate (%)
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.3-3.5
1,018.8
1,106.6
1,156.9
1,229.0
984.8
1,069.3
1,124.7
1,191.0
4.7
6.0
5.0
4.0-4.5
GNI Per Capita (RM)
32,596
34,945
36,285
37,930
GNI Per Capita (US$)
10,345
10,677
9,291
8,821
GNI Per Capita PPP (US$)
23,078
24,569
25,580
26,577
2.1
3.2
2.1
2.5-3.5
Merchandise exports (RM billion)
720.0
765.4
779.9
798.7
Merchandise imports (RM billion)
648.7
682.9
685.4
719.0
3.6
4.4
3.0
1.0-2.0
3.15
3.27
4.29
4.11
Nominal GDP (RM billion)
Nominal GNI (RM billion)
Real GDP growth rate (%)
Inflation (% p.a.)
Current account of BOP (% of GNI)
Exchange rate (RM/US$)
Note
Source
:
(e)
14.1
2/
Preliminary
Estimate
1/ Updated based on population estimates 2015
2/ January-May 2016
: Bank Negara Malaysia, Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Bank
(p)
(e)
ii
MALAYSIAN ECONOMY IN FIGURES
As at May 2016
Table of Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Gross Domestic Product
Gross National Income
Balance of Payments
Federal Government Finance
Price Indices
Unemployment
Exchange Rates
Money and Banking
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
AREA, POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE
Area
Population
Population Age Structure
Population by Ethnic Group
Labour Force
Employment
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
Supply
Demand
Savings and Investment Gap
Production of Major Commodities
Industrial Production Index (IPI)
Distributive Trade
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTS
Federal Government Finance
Revenue
Operating Expenditure
Development Expenditure
Overall Surplus / Deficit
Page
Page
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
Sources of Finance (Net)
Debt
Consolidated Public Sector Finance
General Government
NFPEs Surplus / Deficit
Public Sector Current Surplus / Deficit
Development Expenditure
Overall Surplus / Deficit
External Debt
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
Goods (Net)
Services (Net)
Primary Income (Net)
Secondary Income
Current Account Balance (Net)
Capital and Financial Account Balance (Net)
Overall Balance
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
7
7
8
8
10
11
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
BURSA MALAYSIA
Composite Index
Market Valuation
Selected World Stock Market Indices
New Listing
Listed Companies
Turnover
17
17
17
17
17
18
12
12
12
12
12
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
APPROVED INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Approved Investment Projects
Foreign Investment in Approved Projects
Proposed Capital Investments in Approved Projects
19
19
20
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
5
6
6
iii
Table of Contents
Page
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
EXTERNAL SECTOR
Gross Exports
Gross Imports
Destination of Exports
Sources of Imports
Trade Prices and Terms of Trade
Trade Balance by Main Trading Partner
Tourists Arrivals by Region
9
9.1
PRIVATISATION
Privatisation Achievement
28
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Final Energy Consumption
Electricity - Demand and Supply
Roads by Surface Type
Railway Statistics
Air Traffic Statistics
Port Statistics
29
29
31
31
31
31
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
QUALITY OF LIFE
Malaysian Well-Being Index (MWI)
Selected Social Indicators
Poverty
Female-Related Information
32
33
35
35
12
12.1
12.2
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
Real Gross Domestic Product
Consumer Price Index
36
37
21
21
22
22
22
25
27
Page
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
12.14
12.15
12.16
12.17
Structure of Output
Structure of Demand
Current Account of Balance of Payments
Savings and Investment
Government, Debt and Resource Flows
Population, Urbanisation and Population Density
Structure of Employment
Quality of Life
GNI Per Capita (US$)
Information Age
Science and Technology
World Competitiveness Ranking
Productivity per Worker
Productivity per Worker (PPP)
Productivity by Sector (PPP)
13
MALAYSIA'S COMPETITIVENESS POSITION
53
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
INVESTORS' GUIDE
Income Tax Rate
Promotion of Investment Act
Income Tax Act
Others
54
54
54
54
15
15.1
FOREIGN EXCHANGE ADMINISTRATION POLICIES
Foreign Exchange Administration Rules Applicable to
Residents
Foreign Exchange Administration Rules Applicable to
Non-Residents
Special Status Companies
15.2
15.3
55
57
59
iv
1.
KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Unit
1.1
Gross Domestic Product
(in constant 2010 prices)
Agriculture
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Construction
Services
1/
Gross National Income
(in constant 2010 prices)
Private consumption
Private investment
Public consumption
Public investment
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
GNI per capita (in current prices)
1.3
Balance of Payments
Goods (net)
Services (net)
Primary income (net)
Secondary income (net)
Current account balance
Capital account
Financial account
Overall balance
Bank Negara Malaysia international reserves
Months of retained imports
Note
Source
% p.a.
2013
RM billion
% p.a.
2014
RM billion
% p.a.
2015 (p)
RM billion
% p.a.
2016 (e)
RM billion
% p.a.
912.3
5.5
955.1
4.7
1,012.5
6.0
1,062.8
5.0
1,106.1
4.0-4.5
89.4
86.8
211.9
34.9
479.3
1.0
1.6
4.4
18.1
6.5
91.2
87.8
219.2
38.6
507.8
2.0
1.2
3.4
10.6
5.9
93.1
90.8
232.8
43.1
541.1
2.1
3.5
6.2
11.7
6.6
94.1
95.1
244.2
46.6
568.9
1.2
4.7
4.9
8.2
5.1
93.6
98.2
254.2
50.4
594.0
-0.3
3.5
4.1
7.9
4.4
871.8
457.6
134.5
124.4
98.7
731.0
638.2
31.7
10.3
3.9
8.3
21.4
5.4
15.9
-1.7
2.9
3.5
2.5
% of GNI
12.1
-0.9
-3.8
-2.0
5.4
0.0
-2.5
0.4
916.7
490.8
151.7
131.6
100.5
732.9
649.2
32.6
10.3
5.2
7.2
12.8
5.8
1.9
0.3
1.7
2.8
0.8
% of GNI
9.8
-1.0
-3.4
-1.8
3.6
0.0
-2.1
1.5
972.6
525.0
168.5
137.3
95.7
770.5
675.1
34.9
10.7
6.1
7.0
11.1
4.3
-4.7
5.0
4.0
7.3
3.3
% of GNI
10.6
-1.0
-3.4
-1.6
4.5
0.0
-7.5
-3.4
1,125.1
556.6
179.3
143.2
94.7
774.7
683.5
36.3
9.3
6.8
6.0
6.4
4.4
-1.0
0.6
1.2
3.8
-13.0
% of GNI
9.7
-1.9
-2.8
-1.9
3.1
-0.1
-4.5
0.3
1,077.7
584.9
189.2
146.2
95.8
800.2
708.2
37.9
8.8
3.8
5.1
5.5
2.0
1.1
3.3
3.6
4.5
-5.8
% of GNI
8.4
-1.6
-3.2
-1.9
1.6
…
…
…
2/
1.2
1.4
2012
RM billion
Federal Government Finance
Revenue
Operating expenditure
Development expenditure (net)
Overall balance
:
:
RM ‘000
US$ ‘000
113.0
-8.5
-35.8
-18.5
50.2
0.2
-23.0
3.9
3/
427.2
9.5
207.9
205.5
44.3
-42.0
(e) Estimate based on BNM Annual Report 2015
Preliminary
Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
(p)
1/
96.6
-9.6
-34.0
-17.5
35.5
0.0
-20.2
14.6
113.3
-10.7
-36.6
-17.4
48.6
0.3
-80.0
-36.5
441.9
9.5
% of GDP
21.4
21.2
4.6
-4.3
Includes import duties
213.4
211.3
40.7
-38.6
2/
405.3
8.3
% of GDP
20.9
20.7
4.0
-3.8
Includes change in stock
220.6
219.6
38.5
-37.4
3/
End period
109.5
-21.0
-32.0
-21.9
34.7
-1.1
-50.9
3.8
381.4 4/
7.9 4/
409.1
8.5
% of GDP
19.9
19.8
3.5
-3.4
4/
As at April 2016
219.1
217.0
39.3
-37.2
99.5
-19.2
-38.0
-23.1
19.1
…
…
…
% of GDP
18.9
18.8
3.4
-3.2
217.9
211.2
45.2
-38.5
% of GDP
17.7
17.2
3.7
-3.1
1
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
1.5
Price Indices
Consumer Price Index (CPI) 1/
Producer Price Index (PPI) 1/
% p.a.
% p.a.
1.6
0.1
2.1
-1.7
3.2
1.4
2.1
-4.8
3.1 3/
-4.0 3/
1.6
Unemployment
% of labour force
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.1 2/
3.1 4/
1.7
Exchange Rates (average for period)
RM / US$
RM / 100 Yen
RM / S$
RM / Pound Sterling
3.089
3.872
2.472
4.895
3.151
3.233
2.518
4.930
3.273
3.098
2.583
5.391
4.292
3.226
2.838
5.974
4.105 5/
3.638 5/
2.963 5/
5.897 5/
1.8
Money and Banking
Money supply M1
Money supply M2
Money supply M3
Banking system
Total deposits
Total loans
Ratio of net impaired loans to net total
loans 8/
Interest rates
3-month interbank
3-month fixed deposit
Savings deposit
Base lending rate
3-month Treasury Bills
RM billion
RM billion
RM billion
287.1
1,330.8
1,350.3
327.6
1,436.5
1,452.3
346.4
1,544.7
1,553.8
360.5
1,588.5
1,594.6
350.4 6/
1,595.8 6/
1,601.5 6/
RM billion
RM billion
1,408.3
1,108.0
1,525.2
1,225.7
1,641.6
1,339.7
1,670.4
1,445.1
1,659.6 6/
1,447.8 6/
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2 6/
3.15
2.98
1.04
6.53
3.04
3.16
2.97
1.01
6.53
3.00
3.51
3.13
1.03
6.66
3.13
3.74
3.13
1.06
6.79
3.11
3.67 6/
3.14 6/
1.02 6/
6.80 6/
2.39 7/
% of total loans
Avg. at end-period (%)
Avg. at end-period (%)
Avg. at end-period (%)
Avg. at end-period (%)
Avg. at end-period (%)
Note
: 1/ Based on 2010 prices (2010=100) 2/ Updated based on population estimates 2015
3/ January–April 2016
4/ January–March 2016
5/ January–May 2016
6/ As at April 2016
7/ As at March 2016
8/ Definition of impaired loans: Outstanding amount of loans (principal and interest) classified as impaired when the principal or interest is six months or more in arrears. Interests on these loans are
subsequently suspended.
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
2
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT,
1990-2016
MALAYSIA: GDP, CPI AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE,
1990-2016
Annual change (%)
12
Annual change (%)
12
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-2
Malaysia
World
Advanced Economies
-8
Emerging Market & Developing
Economies
-10
'90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 (e)
Note : (e) Estimate
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
-4
-6
-8
-10
GDP
Consumer Price Index
Unemployment Rate
'90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 (e)
Note : (e) Estimate
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
3
2.
AREA, POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE
2.1
Area
Sq. km.
Malaysia
330,323
Peninsular Malaysia
131,880
Sabah and Labuan
Sarawak
2.3
Population Age
Structure
2.2
Population 1/
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
Number (Mid-year)
million
29.7
30.2
30.7
31.2
73,994
Growth
% p.a.
124,450
Density
per sq. km.
1/
million
2012
% of Total
2013
million
% of Total
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.6
89.9
91.4
92.9
94.5
2014
million
% of Total
2015
million
% of Total
Age group
0 – 14
7.8
26.4
7.8
25.8
7.8
25.4
7.8
25.0
15 – 64
20.3
68.3
20.7
68.6
21.2
69.0
21.6
69.1
1.6
5.3
1.7
5.5
1.7
5.7
1.8
5.9
TOTAL
29.7
100.0
30.2
100.0
30.7
100.0
31.2
100.0
Dependency ratio 2/
46.4
65 and above
Note
Source
:
45.6
Population projection based on the Population and Housing Censes of 2010, adjusted for under-enumeration
2/ A measure showing the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 65) to the total working population (aged 15-64)
: Economic Planning Unit and Department of Statistics Malaysia
45.1
44.7
1/
4
2.4
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
Population by Ethnic Group 1/
Malaysian Citizens
'000
26,993
27,322
27,652
28,121
Bumiputera
'000
18,355
18,547
18,803
19,123
Malay
'000
14,868
15,023
15,231
15,489
Other Bumiputera
'000
3,488
3,524
3,573
3,633
Chinese
'000
6,478
6,553
6,636
6,749
Indian
'000
1,890
1,965
1,936
1,968
Others
'000
270
273
277
281
'000
2,670
2,888
3,072
3,125
'000
29,663
30,210
30,724
31,246
Non-Citizens
TOTAL
Note
Source
2/
:
1/ Population projection based on the Population and Housing Census of 2010, adjusted for under-enumeration
2/ Includes permanent residents, foreign workers with work permits, expatriates and foreign students
: Economic Planning Unit and Department of Statistics Malaysia
5
2.5
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
'000
13,162.4
13,630.9
13,931.3
14,219.0
Labour Force
Labour force
Labour Force Participation Rate:
Total 1/
%
65.7
67.0
67.4
67.8
Male 2/
%
81.2
80.7
80.7
80.8
Female 3/
%
49.5
52.6
53.5
54.3
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.1
Unemployment Rate
2.6
% of labour force
Employment
Total
12,773
13,179
13,533
13,775
Agriculture
'000
% of total
12.5
12.3
11.9
11.7
Mining
% of total
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
Manufacturing
% of total
17.6
17.6
17.7
17.8
Construction
% of total
9.1
9.1
8.9
8.9
Services
% of total
60.1
60.5
60.8
61.0
Note
: 1/ Total number of economically active people as a percentage of the working age population of 15 to 64 years
2/ Total number of economically active people as a percentage of males in the working age population
3/ Total number of people economically active as a percentage of females in the working age population
Source : Economic Planning Unit and Department of Statistics Malaysia
6
3.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
2012
RM billion
3.1
3.2
Supply (in constant 2010 prices)
Agriculture
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Construction
Services
Electricity, gas and water
Transport, storage and communications
Wholesale and retail trade, motor vehicles,
accommodation, food and beverage
Finance and insurance, real estate
and business services
Government services
Other services
Plus: Import duties
GDP at purchasers' value
Demand (in constant 2010 prices)
Private expenditure
Consumption
Investment
Public expenditure
Consumption
Investment
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
GDP at purchasers' value 1/
(e) Estimate
1/ Includes change in stock
Note : (p) Preliminary
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
% p.a.
2013
RM billion
% p.a.
2014
RM billion
% p.a.
2015 (p)
RM billion
% p.a.
2016 (e)
RM billion
% p.a.
89.4
86.8
211.9
34.9
479.3
24.2
78.3
1.0
1.6
4.4
18.1
6.5
4.9
7.1
91.2
87.8
219.2
38.6
507.8
25.2
84.0
2.0
1.2
3.4
10.6
5.9
4.4
7.3
93.1
90.8
232.9
43.1
541.1
26.2
90.6
2.1
3.5
6.2
11.7
6.6
3.8
7.9
94.1
95.1
244.2
46.6
568.9
27.1
97.8
1.2
4.7
4.9
8.2
5.1
3.5
7.9
93.6
98.2
254.2
50.4
594.0
27.9
105.1
-0.3
3.5
4.1
7.9
4.4
3.1
7.5
150.4
4.7
159.7
6.2
173.3
8.5
185.1
6.8
195.1
5.4
107.7
78.4
40.3
10.0
912.3
7.7
9.6
4.5
15.6
5.5
112.1
84.2
42.6
10.6
955.1
4.1
7.4
5.6
5.7
4.7
117.0
89.3
44.6
11.6
1,012.5
4.3
6.2
4.7
10.0
6.0
119.3
92.9
46.7
13.8
1,062.8
2.0
4.0
4.7
18.5
5.0
121.7
95.7
48.4
15.7
1,106.1
2.0
2.9
3.7
13.5
4.0-4.5
592.2
457.6
134.5
223.0
124.4
98.7
731.0
638.2
912.3
11.1
8.3
21.4
9.8
5.4
15.9
-1.7
2.9
5.5
642.5
490.8
151.7
232.1
131.6
100.5
732.9
649.2
955.1
8.5
7.2
12.8
4.0
5.9
1.9
0.3
1.7
4.7
693.6
525.0
168.5
233.0
137.3
95.7
770.5
675.1
1,012.5
7.9
7.0
11.0
0.4
4.4
-4.7
5.1
4.2
6.0
735.8
556.6
179.3
238.0
143.2
94.7
774.7
683.5
1,062.8
6.1
6.0
6.4
2.1
4.3
-1.0
0.7
1.3
5.0
774.1
584.9
189.2
242.1
146.2
95.8
800.2
708.2
1,106.1
5.2
5.1
5.5
1.7
2.0
1.1
3.2
3.4
4.0-4.5
7
2012
RM billion
Unit
3.3
Note
Source
2013
RM billion
% p.a.
2014
RM billion
% p.a.
2015 (p)
RM billion
% p.a.
Savings and Investment Gap
Savings (current prices)
% of GNI
300.3
32.1
-3.4
299.7
30.4
-0.2
325.0
30.3
8.5
325.0
28.9
0.0
Investment (current prices) 1/
% of GNI
250.1
26.7
18.3
264.2
26.8
5.7
276.5
25.8
4.6
290.3
25.8
5.2
Resource Balance (current prices)
% of GNI
3.4
% p.a.
Production of Major Commodities
Rubber
Crude palm oil
Sawlogs
Tin
Crude oil & condensates
Natural gas
:
50.2
5.4
'000 tonnes
'000 tonnes
'000 cu. m 2/
‘000 tonnes
'000 bpd 3/
mmscfd 4/
Preliminary
1/ Includes change in stock
2/ Cubic metres
3/ Barrels per day
: Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
923
18,782
15,897
3.7
586
6,007
35.5
3.6
-7.4
-0.7
-0.6
11.4
2.8
1.3
826
19,217
14,401
3.7
576
6,271
47.6
4.5
-10.4
2.3
-9.4
-0.8
-1.7
4.4
669
19,667
14,911
3.8
603
6,331
34.7
3.1
-19.1
2.3
3.5
1.7
4.7
1.0
722
19,962
13,625
4.2
654
6,136
7.9
1.5
-8.6
10.7
8.5
-3.1
(p)
4/
Million standard cubic feet per day
8
GDP, CONSUMPTION AND INVESTMENT,
1990-2016
STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION,
1970-2016
Annual change (%)
30
Share to GDP (%)
100
20
80
10
60
0
40
-10
20
-20
-30
-40
-50
0
GDP
Consumption
Investment
'90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14
Note : (e) Estimate
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
'80
1980
'90
1990
'00
2000
'10
2010
'16
2016
29.2
33.7
36.4
42.1
51.2
53.7
8.8
12.9
18.9
25.3
23.4
23.0
Mining and quarrying
24.5
21.6
18.1
16.1
10.9
8.9
Agriculture
31.8
25.9
20.7
11.6
10.1
8.5
1.9
2.8
3.9
3.8
3.4
4.6
Services
Manufacturing
'16(e)
(e)
'70
1970
Construction
Note : (e) Estimate
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
9
Selected Industries
3.5
2013
Index % p.a.
2014
Index % p.a.
2015
Index % p.a.
106.7
111.3
110.4
4.2
5.2
6.5
110.3
116.0
114.5
3.4
4.2
3.7
116.0
123.0
120.8
5.1
6.1
5.6
121.2
128.9
126.7
4.5
4.8
4.8
106.7
121.9
108.3
8.1
10.8
4.7
117.3
121.1
108.6
9.9
-0.7
0.2
131.1
125.4
109.2
11.8
3.6
0.6
143.1
131.2
110.5
9.2
4.6
1.2
105.2
103.1
124.3
104.6
112.9
-7.1
8.7
3.0
-0.8
3.1
102.4
99.9
134.5
111.5
115.5
-2.6
-3.1
8.2
6.6
2.3
113.5
107.7
132.8
117.2
114.2
10.8
7.8
-1.3
5.1
-1.1
122.0
115.3
139.5
113.1
117.7
7.5
7.1
5.1
-3.5
3.0
114.4
115.4
138.6
1.7
2.9
13.8
121.2
115.0
155.6
5.9
-0.4
12.2
130.6
122.9
159.9
7.7
6.9
2.8
136.7
131.3
167.3
4.7
6.8
4.6
95.4
115.8
112.5
105.6
105.6
123.6
117.5
-6.6
3.4
-2.8
-1.5
-3.2
10.6
2.3
98.6
131.8
116.7
106.9
103.3
101.3
105.5
3.4
13.8
3.8
1.3
-2.1
-18.0
-10.2
101.4
150.7
123.0
112.3
121.6
106.2
116.6
2.8
14.4
5.4
5.1
17.7
4.8
10.6
102.9
158.6
126.1
117.4
135.8
115.9
108.8
1.6
5.2
2.5
4.5
11.7
9.1
-6.7
MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION INDEX,
2013-2015
1/
Industrial Production Index
(2010 =100)
Manufacturing 2/
Export-Oriented Industries
Electronics and electrical
products
Chemicals and chemical products
Petroleum products 3/
Textiles, wearing apparel and
footwear
Wood and wood products
Rubber products
Off-estate processing
Paper products
Domestic-Oriented Industries
Non-metallic mineral products
Fabricated metal products
Basic iron and steel
and non-ferrous metal
Transport equipment
Food products
Construction-related products
Beverages
Tobacco products
Others
Note
2012
Index % p.a.
: 1/ This index covers mining, manufacturing and electricity sectors as defined under the
Malaysian Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2008
2/ The index covers 102 out of the 194 manufacturing industries, which accounted for 89.7% of the value of
total manufacturing gross output and 86.1% of the value-add in the 2005 Economic Census
3/ Includes natural gas
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
Annual change (%)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
'13
'14
Overall manufacturing
Export-oriented manufacturing
Domestic-oriented manufacturing
'15
10
2012
Level
3.6
% p.a.
2013
Level
% p.a.
2014
Level
% p.a.
2015
Level
% p.a.
Distributive Trade
Wholesale
Value of sales (RM million)
Number of workers ('000)
Salaries and wages (RM million)
429,022
393
12,621
4.0
1.2
6.0
444,774
398
13,126
3.7
1.4
4.0
471,945
406
14,054
6.1
2.0
7.1
493,079
417
14,985
4.5
2.7
6.6
Retail
Value of sales (RM million)
Number of workers ('000)
Salaries and wages (RM million)
284,305
935
17,994
7.4
1.2
9.8
309,475
950
19,815
8.9
1.6
10.1
343,678
969
20,677
11.1
2.0
4.4
371,586
993
21,514
8.1
2.5
4.0
Motor Vehicles
Value of sales (RM million)
Number of workers ('000)
Salaries and wages (RM million)
123,080
237
5,148
6.2
0.5
9.2
127,166
241
5,572
3.3
1.6
8.2
135,588
243
5,777
6.6
0.8
3.7
142,746
250
6,128
5.3
2.9
6.1
Total
Value of sales (RM million)
Number of workers ('000)
Salaries and wages (RM million)
Sales per worker (RM)
Salaries and wages per worker (RM)
836,407
1,565
35,763
533,226
22,711
5.4
1.1
8.3
2.2
5.6
881,415
1,590
38,513
554,252
24,228
5.4
1.6
7.7
3.9
6.7
951,211
1,618
40,508
588,250
25,033
7.9
1.8
5.2
6.1
3.3
1,007,412
1,659
42,628
607,146
25,691
5.9
2.5
5.2
3.2
2.6
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia
11
4.
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTS
4.1
Federal Government Finance
4.1.1 Revenue
Direct taxes
Indirect taxes
Non-tax revenue
Non-revenue receipts
4.1.2 Operating Expenditure
Emoluments
Pension and gratuities
Debt service charges
Supplies and services
Subsidies
Asset acquisition
Grants and transfers 1/
Others 2/
4.1.3 Development Expenditure
(Gross)
Economic services
Social services
Security
General administration
4.1.4 Overall Surplus/Deficit
4.1.5 Sources of Finance (net)
Domestic borrowing
External borrowing
Change in assets
4.1.6 Debt
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015(p)
2016(e)
RM billion
% of GDP
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
207.9
21.4
56.2
16.7
26.4
0.6
213.4
20.9
56.5
16.6
25.5
1.3
220.6
19.9
57.4
17.0
24.4
1.2
219.1
18.9
51.0
24.5
23.5
1.0
217.9
17.7
55.6
25.7
18.0
0.7
RM billion
% of GDP
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
205.5
21.2
29.2
6.8
9.5
15.6
21.4
0.9
15.9
0.7
211.3
20.7
28.9
7.0
9.8
16.0
20.5
0.7
16.5
0.6
219.6
19.8
30.5
8.3
10.3
15.6
18.1
0.8
15.8
0.7
217.0
18.8
32.3
8.7
11.2
16.8
12.6
0.8
17.2
0.5
211.2
17.2
32.7
9.1
12.4
16.9
12.1
0.4
15.9
0.5
RM billion
46.9
42.2
39.5
40.8
46.0
% of GDP
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
4.8
61.7
26.4
9.4
2.5
4.1
58.4
25.8
11.0
4.8
3.6
59.1
26.6
11.0
3.4
3.5
57.1
27.4
11.7
3.8
3.7
60.6
26.2
10.0
3.2
RM billion
% of GDP
-42.0
-4.3
-38.6
-3.8
-37.4
-3.4
-37.2
-3.2
-38.5
-3.1
RM billion
RM billion
RM billion
43.3
-0.0
-1.4
39.5
-0.2
-0.7
37.6
-0.4
0.2
38.9
0.7
-0.2
…
…
…
RM billion
% of GDP
501.6
51.6
539.9
53.0
582.8
52.7
630.5
54.5
…
…
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015(p)
2016(e)
RM billion
RM billion
RM billion
% of GDP
188.8
227.2
-38.5
-4.0
192.4
237.0
-44.6
-4.4
204.9
243.4
-38.5
-3.5
234.8
248.0
-13.2
-1.1
225.8
243.5
-17.7
-1.4
RM billion
% of GDP
129.8
13.4
137.4
13.5
126.1
11.4
94.5
7.7
96.2
7.8
RM billion
% of GDP
91.3
9.4
92.8
9.1
87.6
7.9
81.3
6.6
78.4
6.4
4.2.4 Development Expenditure
RM billion
% of GDP
138.4
14.2
139.4
13.7
154.6
14.0
169.4
13.8
173.4
14.1
4.2.5 Overall Balance
RM billion
% of GDP
-47.1
-4.8
-46.6
-4.6
-66.9
-6.0
-88.1
-7.2
-95.0
-7.7
%
RM billion
RM billion
10.3
602.1
318.6
9.6
696.6
357.8
11.3
747.5
384.3
15.6
833.8
481.9
…
…
…
4.2
Consolidated Public Sector
Finance
4.2.1 General Government
Revenue
Operating expenditure
Current deficit
4.2.2 Non-Financial Public
Enterprises (NFPEs)
Current Balance
4.2.3 Public Sector Current
Account Balance
4.2.6 External Debt
Debt service ratio
Total debt
Medium-and-long term debt
Note
:
Preliminary (e) Estimate based on BNM Annual Report 2015, breakdowns are based on
MOF 2015/16 Economic Report
Includes grants and transfers to state governments and grants to statutory bodies
2/
Includes refunds & write-offs and other expenditures not classified
Source : Ministry of Finance and Bank Negara Malaysia
(p)
1/
12
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS,
1990-2016
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OPERATING EXPENDITURE
BY OBJECT, 1990-2016
RM billion
230
210
190
170
150
130
110
90
70
50
30
10
-10
-30
-50
-70
Share to Total (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(e)
'90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16
Overall Balance
Revenue
Development Expenditure
Operating Expenditure
Note : (e) Estimate based on BNM Annual Report 2015
'90
'95
'00
'05
'10
Emoluments
Pension & gratuities
Debt service charges
Grants & transfers
Supplies & services
Subsidies
Asset acquisition
Others
'16 (e)
Note : (e) Estimate based on MOF Economic Report 2015/16
13
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE,
1990-2016
MALAYSIAN TAX STRUCTURE,
1990-2016
DIRECT TAXES
RM billion
140
Company Income Tax
120
RM billion
250
Individual Income Tax
100
200
Petroleum Income Tax
80
Other Direct Taxes
60
40
150
20
0
'90
RM billion
50
100
40
50
30
'95
'00
'05
'10
'15
'16
(e)
INDIRECT TAXES
Export Duties
Import Duties & Surtax
Excise Duties
Sales Tax
Services Tax
20
0
'90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16(e)
Direct Taxes
Note :
(e)
Indirect Taxes
Non-Tax Revenue
Estimate based on MOF Economic Report 2015/16
10
0
'90
'95
'00
'05
'10
'15
'16
(e)
Note : * The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was introduced at 6% in April 2015
(e)
Estimate based on MOF Economic Report 2015/16
14
5.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
ITEM
2012
RM billion % of GNI
2013
RM billion % of GNI
2014
RM billion % of GNI
2015 (p)
RM billion % of GNI
2016 (e)
RM billion % of GNI
5.1
Goods (net)
Exports
Imports
113.0
644.9
531.8
12.1
68.9
56.9
96.6
637.7
541.1
9.8
64.7
54.9
113.3
678.9
565.5
10.6
63.6
52.9
109.5
685.4
575.8
9.7
60.9
51.2
99.5
707.6
608.1
8.4
59.4
51.1
5.2
Services (net)
Transportation
Travel
Other services
Government transaction
-8.5
-22.0
24.8
0.0
-0.4
-0.9
-2.4
2.7
-1.2
0.0
-9.6
-23.9
29.2
0.0
-0.2
-1.0
-2.4
3.0
-1.5
0.0
-10.7
-26.0
33.2
-17.5
-0.3
-1.0
-2.4
3.1
-1.6
0.0
-21.0
-25.3
27.2
-22.3
-0.6
-1.9
-2.2
2.4
-2.0
-0.1
-19.2
-29.1
31.6
-21.1
-0.6
-1.6
-2.4
2.7
-1.8
-0.1
5.3
Primary Income (net)
-35.8
-3.8
-34.0
-3.4
-36.6
-3.4
-32.0
-2.8
-38.0
-3.2
5.4
Secondary Income
-18.5
-2.0
-17.5
-1.8
-17.4
-1.6
-21.9
-1.9
-23.1
-1.9
5.5
Current Account Balance (net)
50.2
5.4
35.5
3.6
48.6
4.5
34.7
3.1
19.1
1.0-2.0
5.6
Capital and Financial Account Balance (net)
Capital account
Financial account
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Financial derivatives
Other investment
-22.8
0.2
-23.0
-24.4
63.9
1.0
-63.4
-2.4
0.0
-2.5
-2.6
6.8
0.1
-6.8
-20.2
0.0
-20.2
-6.3
-3.0
-0.3
-10.7
-2.1
0.0
-2.1
-0.6
-0.3
0.0
-1.1
-79.6
0.3
-80.0
-18.0
-39.4
-1.0
-21.7
-7.4
0.0
-7.5
-1.7
-3.7
-0.1
-2.0
-52.0
-1.1
-50.9
4.8
-28.2
-0.7
-26.8
-4.6
-0.1
-4.5
0.4
-2.5
-0.1
-2.4
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
5.7
Overall balance
3.9
0.4
14.6
1.5
-36.5
-3.4
3.8
0.3
…
…
Bank Negara Malaysia international reserves (net)
Months of retained imports
427.2
9.5
441.9
9.5
405.3
8.3
409.1
8.5
382.6 1/
7.9 1/
(e) Estimate
1/ As at 31 May 2016
Note
: (p) Preliminary
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
15
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS,
2005-2016
BALANCE ON SERVICES AND INCOME,
2005-2016
RM billion
200
RM billion
40
30
150
20
100
10
50
0
-10
0
-20
-50
-30
-100
-150
-40
'05 '06 '07 '08
Overall Balance
'09
'10
Services and Primary Income
'11
'12 '13
Goods
'14
'15
'16
(e)
-50
'05
'06
'07
Transportation
'08
'09
Travel
'10
'11
'12
Other Services
'13
'14
'15
'16 (e)
Primary Income
Current Account
Financial Account
Note: Data series from 2005-2009 were compiled based on the partial Sixth Edition Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6), International Monetary Fund. Data series from 2010 onwards were compiled
based on the Sixth Edition Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6), with the treatment on Good for Processing (GFP). GFP are goods that are sent abroad by an owner to a processor country for
processing and subsequently returned to the owner or exported to third party, without a change of ownership. GFP are excluded from the goods accounts, with only the processing fees included
in the services account.
16
6.
BURSA MALAYSIA
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 1/
6.1 Composite Index
1,689.0
1,867.0
1,761.3
1,692.5
1,626.0
6.2 Market Valuation (RM billion)
1,465.7
1,702.1
1,651.2
1,694.7
1,641.0
6.3 Selected World Stock Market Indices
Dow Jones, New York
Nikkei, Tokyo
Hang Seng, Hong Kong
13,104.1
10,395.2
22,656.9
16,576.7
16,291.3
23,306.4
17,823.1
17,450.8
23,605.0
17,425.0
19,033.7
21,914.4
17,787.2
17,235.0
20,815.1
6.4 New Listings (number of companies) 2/
Main Market (Main Board) 3/
ACE Market (Mesdaq Market) 4/
Total
14
3
17
18
1
19
11
3
14
7
4
11
3
2
5
809
112
921
802
109
911
799
107
906
794
109
903
794
111
905
6.5 Listed Companies (number of companies)
Main Market (Main Board) 3/
ACE Market (Mesdaq Market) 4/
Total
Note
:
1/
As at end of May 2016
FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI starting from 6 July 2009
Main Board was renamed as Main Market (effective 3 August 2009) to include Second Board
4/ Mesdaq was renamed as Ace Market effective 3 August 2009
Source : Bursa Malaysia
2/
3/
17
2012
Volume
Value
(billion units) (RM billion)
6.6 Turnover 2/
Consumer products
Industrial products
Construction
Trading/Services
Technology
Finance
Hotels
Properties
Plantation
Mining
Trusts /REITs 3/
Infrastructure project companies
Closed End Fund
Exchange Traded Fund
SPAC 4/
Loans
Bond Islamic
Call Warrants Board/ STRCWARR
Grand Total
22.87
54.73
8.31
97.04
67.77
13.54
0.31
19.53
5.94
0.01
2.84
5.44
0.03
0.15
1.99
2.16
…
30.87
333.52
2013
Volume
Value
(billion units) (RM billion)
24.71
45.88
14.29
164.29
14.94
75.10
0.24
18.72
25.40
0.01
3.80
13.63
0.06
0.16
2.12
0.57
…
4.35
408.26
21.04
63.95
15.08
121.29
73.54
17.46
0.46
34.65
5.49
0.03
2.61
6.49
0.03
0.12
12.81
1.69
0.00
10.21
386.95
22.62
43.03
25.02
231.51
15.93
102.90
0.68
35.75
19.66
0.03
4.77
19.16
0.06
0.14
4.69
0.56
0.17
1.15
527.83
2014
Volume
Value
(billion units) (RM billion)
33.02
92.45
19.24
184.64
98.04
14.14
0.94
41.13
6.32
0.03
2.11
5.40
0.01
0.05
15.17
4.81
0.00
13.14
530.66
27.08
56.08
26.34
222.22
29.62
85.23
0.60
34.60
19.85
0.04
3.88
17.20
0.03
0.06
5.55
1.05
0.01
2.35
531.79
2015
Volume
Value
(billion units) (RM billion)
38.49
77.59
16.51
142.31
108.88
12.93
0.61
23.81
4.98
0.01
2.42
4.18
0.01
0.46
5.53
1.00
0.00
61.71
501.43
27.62
63.63
22.91
207.59
35.87
79.69
0.46
18.90
15.62
0.01
4.36
18.78
0.02
0.49
1.28
0.21
0.00
14.76
512.22
2016 1/
Volume
Value
(billion units) (RM billion)
18.87
29.84
7.44
58.2
26.06
5.75
0.12
10.41
2.45
0.00
1.04
1.27
0.00
0.19
5.22
0.19
0.00
23.08
190.14
13.09
31.11
9.43
84.14
9.19
37.33
0.17
5.66
9.75
0.00
1.98
5.15
0.01
0.21
0.84
0.05
0.01
3.91
212.01
Note
: Figures are inclusive of Direct Business
1/ As at end of May 2016
2/ Main Market and ACE Market (Main Board, Second Board and Mesdaq Market)
3/ Real Estate Investment Trusts
4/ Special Purpose Acquisition Company
Source : Bursa Malaysia
18
7.
APPROVED INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
7.1 Approved Investment Projects
Number of projects approved
Potential employment
Total proposed capital investment
Domestic
Foreign
'000s
RM million
% of total
% of total
804
77
41,126
49
51
787
93
52,101
41
59
811
78
71,853
45
55
680
66
74,693
71
29
7.2 Foreign Investment in Approved Projects
(by Selected Country)
Total
Australia
France
Germany
Japan
Singapore
Taiwan
United Kingdom
United States of America
Others
RM million
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
% of total
20,919
0.7
6.9
3.3
13.4
10.6
0.8
2.9
1.4
60.0
30,536
0.5
0.0
5.6
11.8
14.8
0.4
1.6
20.7
44.5
39,593
0.5
0.3
11.2
27.5
19.8
1.7
1.0
3.4
34.7
21,942
1.2
0.1
5.3
18.3
6.4
5.8
0.7
18.9
43.4
Source : Malaysian Investment Development Authority
19
Unit
7.3
2012
2013
2014
2015
CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN APPROVED
MANUFACTURING SECTOR PROJECTS, 1990-2015
Proposed Capital Investment in Approved Projects
(by Selected Industry)
Food manufacturing
% of total
8.3
8.4
4.0
3.5
Textiles and textile products
% of total
1.1
1.5
1.7
0.03
Wood and wood products
% of total
1.0
0.7
0.5
1.1
Paper, printing and publishing
% of total
2.1
1.1
1.3
1.3
Chemicals and chemical products
% of total
15.7
11.1
15.0
3.1
Petroleum and petrochemical products
% of total
14.7
11.8
22.2
36.1
Rubber products
% of total
3.3
7.0
2.3
1.8
Plastic products
% of total
2.7
1.6
1.2
1.2
Non-metallic mineral products
% of total
1.5
4.4
4.8
5.0
Basic metal products
% of total
9.2
10.7
13.8
4.8
Fabricated metal products
% of total
3.0
2.7
3.1
3.5
Machinery and equipment
% of total
4.5
3.8
3.4
2.4
Electronics and electrical products
% of total
9.7
18.8
15.5
11.9
Transport equipment
% of total
19.1
12.7
7.8
8.7
Others
% of total
4.1
3.8
3.3
15.5
TOTAL
RM billion
41.1
52.1
71.9
74.7
Source
: Malaysian Investment Development Authority
Investment (RM billion)
80
No. of Projects
1,600
70
1,400
60
1,200
50
1,000
40
800
30
600
20
400
10
200
0
'90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14
Foreign Investment
0
Domestic Investment
Number of Projects (RHS)
20
8.
EXTERNAL SECTOR
Unit
8.1
8.2
2012
2013
2014
2015 (p)
2016 (e)
Total Trade
RM billion
1,309.3
1,368.7
1,448.4
1,465.3
1,517.6
Gross Exports
RM billion
702.6
720.0
765.4
779.9
798.7
Manufactured
RM billion
521.7
548.1
587.2
625.5
660.5
Agriculture
RM billion
80.4
68.8
69.2
67.3
64.7
Mining
RM billion
94.4
97.9
104.1
82.7
68.6
RM billion
606.7
648.7
682.9
685.4
719.0
Gross Imports
Capital goods
RM billion
96.1
98.2
95.9
95.9
104.4
Intermediate goods
RM billion
363.7
379.5
408.2
398.8
417.6
Consumption goods
RM billion
43.7
47.6
50.3
62.5
64.3
RM billion
96.0
71.3
82.5
94.6
79.5
Trade Balance
(e) Estimate by EPU based on BNM Annual Report 2015
Note
: (p) Preliminary
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
21
8.3
8.4
8.5
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 1/
ASEAN
% of total
26.8
28.0
27.9
28.1
29.2
North East Asia 2/
% of total
23.6
24.5
23.8
24.0
21.9
Japan
% of total
11.9
11.0
10.8
9.5
8.8
EU 28 3/
% of total
8.8
9.1
9.5
10.1
10.2
United States of America
% of total
8.7
8.1
8.4
9.4
10.4
North East Asia 2/
% of total
25.6
27.6
28.2
30.4
31.4
ASEAN
% of total
27.9
26.7
25.7
26.6
25.3
EU 28 3/
% of total
10.8
10.9
10.4
10.2
10.0
Japan
% of total
10.3
8.7
8.0
7.8
8.6
United States of America
% of total
8.1
7.8
7.7
8.1
8.7
Destination of Exports
Sources of Imports
Trade Prices and Terms of Trade
Export Price Index
Index (2010=100)
112.4
110.5
111.8
107.1
103.9
Import Price Index
Index (2010=100)
106.9
107.2
108.3
107.4
107.3
Terms of Trade
Index (2010=100)
105.1
103.0
103.2
99.7
96.8
Note
: 1/ January-April 2016
2/ China, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan
3/ 28 European Union countries
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and Department of Statistics Malaysia
22
DIVERSIFICATION OF EXPORTS, 1990 AND 2015
(% of Total)
Manufa
Manufactured
ctured
58.764.8
Oil &
gas
16.7
Forestr
Forestry
Tin
y
9.6
1.1
9.6
1990
RM79.6
billion
Palm oil
6.3
Others
3.8
Rubber
3.8
Oil & gas
9.4
Forestry
Tin
0.8
0.3
Manufactur
ed
Manufactured
80.2
80.2
Palm oil
5.8
Rubber
0.5
2015
RM799.9
billion
Others
3.0
23
DIVERSIFICATION OF IMPORTS, 1990 AND 2015
(% of Total)
Interme
diate
Intermediate
goods
goods
65.4
65.4
Capital
goods
18.9 Consumption
Consu
goods
mption
7.6
goods
7.6
1990
RM79.1 billion
Others
4.1
Import
Import
for re- for
re-export
export
4.0
4.0
Capital
goods
14.0
Intermediate
Intermediat
goods e goods
58.2
58.2
Others
3.6
Import for
re-exports
15.1
Consumption
Consumpti
goods
on goods
9.1
9.1
2015
RM683.0
billion
24
8.6
Trade Balance by Main Trading Partner (RM billion)
COUNTRY
North America
United States of America
Canada
EU
France
Germany
Netherlands
United Kingdom
ASEAN
Brunei
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Far East
Japan
China
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
West Asia
Australia
TOTAL (including others)
2012
Exports Imports Balance
2013
Exports Imports Balance
2014
Exports Imports Balance
2015
Exports Imports Balance
2016 1/
Exports Imports Balance
69.8
60.8
2.9
62.2
5.5
16.0
18.6
6.8
188.2
2.1
27.6
10.5
95.6
37.6
172.2
83.4
88.8
77.3
30.1
25.4
21.8
26.8
29.1
57.1
49.1
2.9
65.5
13.0
23.2
5.0
6.8
169.3
0.2
31.1
4.8
80.5
35.7
154.2
62.4
91.9
63.2
13.3
24.7
25.2
31.1
14.6
12.8
11.7
0.1
-3.4
-7.6
-7.2
13.5
0.0
18.9
2.0
-3.5
5.7
15.1
2.0
18.0
21.0
-3.1
14.1
16.7
0.7
-3.4
-4.3
14.5
66.1
58.1
2.5
65.3
5.5
16.5
20.7
6.8
201.6
2.6
33.1
9.3
100.3
39.9
176.2
79.2
97.0
79.2
31.3
26.2
21.7
27.1
29.2
61.5
50.7
3.2
70.3
13.5
22.9
5.4
7.3
172.9
1.0
27.9
4.7
80.2
38.6
162.6
56.4
106.3
72.7
10.5
30.7
31.5
30.7
16.5
4.6
7.4
-0.6
-5.0
-8.0
-6.4
15.3
-0.5
28.8
1.6
5.2
4.6
20.0
1.3
13.6
22.8
-9.2
6.5
20.8
-4.5
-9.8
-3.6
12.7
73.6
64.4
2.6
72.8
5.2
17.9
23.4
7.9
213.4
2.8
31.8
12.0
108.7
40.2
174.9
82.6
92.3
89.6
37.0
27.9
24.6
25.4
33.0
68.9
52.4
3.0
71.2
12.5
23.2
8.2
7.1
175.6
0.8
27.7
5.2
85.9
39.6
170.2
54.7
115.5
76.8
10.8
31.7
34.4
36.7
20.2
4.8
12.0
-0.4
1.7
-7.3
-5.3
15.2
0.8
37.8
2.0
4.0
6.9
22.8
0.6
4.7
27.9
-23.2
12.7
26.3
-3.8
-9.8
-11.3
12.7
84.6
73.7
3.0
78.9
5.7
19.6
23.4
9.3
219.3
2.7
29.1
13.2
108.5
44.4
175.3
73.8
101.5
85.8
36.9
25.2
23.8
25.8
28.1
60.2
55.3
2.7
69.6
8.6
23.4
9.1
7.1
182.0
0.5
31.0
6.5
82.1
41.7
182.9
53.6
129.4
79.1
11.5
31.1
36.5
35.0
17.5
24.3
18.3
0.3
9.3
-2.9
-3.7
14.3
2.2
37.3
2.1
-1.9
6.7
26.4
2.7
-7.6
20.2
-27.8
6.7
25.3
-5.8
-12.8
-9.3
10.6
29.6
25.7
0.9
25.2
1.9
7.1
6.6
2.8
72.0
0.7
9.0
4.5
35.4
14.2
49.3
21.7
27.6
26.5
12.0
7.9
6.5
9.4
9.1
20.3
18.5
1.0
21.3
2.7
7.7
2.1
2.3
54.1
0.2
9.5
2.0
22.9
13.7
59.6
18.3
41.3
25.6
3.8
9.8
12.0
34.2
4.7
9.4
7.2
-0.1
3.9
-0.8
-0.5
4.4
0.5
18.0
0.5
-0.5
2.5
12.5
0.4
-10.4
3.4
-13.8
0.8
8.2
-1.9
-5.5
-24.8
4.4
702.64
606.68
96.0
719.99
648.15
71.8
765.42
682.87
82.5
779.95
685.3
94.6
246.5
213.5
33.1
Note : 1/ January-April 2016
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia
25
MALAYSIA’S EXPORTS BY DESTINATION, 1990 AND 2015
(% to Total)
North
Americ
North
a
America
18.1
18.1
Rest of
the
World
9.3
NIEs
10.0
Brunei
1.0
Indonesia
4.0
Philippines 4.6
Thailand
12.0
EU
15.5
ASEAN
29.3
Singapore
77.8
MALAYSIA’S IMPORTS BY ORIGIN, 1990 AND 2015
(% to Total)
North
Brunei
0.02
Rest of
the
World
10.8
NIEs
10.0
EU
10.4
ASEAN
25.7
NIEs
11.2
Far East
24.9
ASEAN
19.3
Singapore 77.7
1990
RM79.1 billion
1990
RM79.6 billion
Rest of the
World
17.6
Indonesia
5.6
Philippines 2.8
Thailand
12.5
EU
16.1
Far
East
26.0
Far
East
17.9
North
America
10.1
Americ
North
a
America
17.9
17.9
2015
RM779.9 billion
Philippines 6.0
Others1/
11.0
Indonesia
Thailand
13.3
20.3
Rest of the
World
16.3
North
America
8.8
ASEAN
26.6
NIEs
11.5
Singapore 49.5
Note: 1/ Including Brunei, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos and
Cambodia
EU
10.2
Philippines 3.6
Others1/
11.4
Thailand
22.9
Indonesia
17.0
Singapore 45.1
Far East
26.7
2015
RM685.4 billion
26
8.7
Tourist Arrivals by Region
REGION
2012
2013
2014
2015
% of
% of
% of
% of
million
million
million
Total
Total
Total
Total
million
ASIA
ASEAN
Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Western Asia
Central Asia
AMERICA
Northern America
Southern America
OCEANIA
EUROPE
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Western Europe
AFRICA
OTHERS
22.7
18.8
2.6
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.6
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.4
TOTAL
25.1 100.0
Note : 1/ January-March 2016
Source : Tourism Malaysia
90.5
74.8
10.2
4.2
1.2
0.1
1.3
1.3
0.0
2.3
4.1
0.2
2.1
0.3
1.6
0.2
1.7
23.3
19.1
2.9
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.6
1.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.3
90.6
74.3
11.1
4.1
1.0
0.1
1.3
1.3
0.0
2.3
4.2
0.2
2.1
0.3
1.6
0.2
1.3
25.7 100.0
24.8
20.4
2.8
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.6
1.2
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.4
90.3
74.3
10.3
4.7
1.0
0.1
1.2
1.2
0.0
2.3
4.5
0.3
2.1
0.4
1.7
0.2
1.4
27.4 100.0
23.4
19.2
2.9
1.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.6
1.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.4
90.8
74.4
11.1
4.2
0.9
0.1
1.2
1.2
0.0
2.1
4.3
0.2
2.0
0.4
1.6
0.2
1.4
25.7 100.0
2016 1/
millio % of
n Total
6.1
4.9
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
91.2
73.7
12.6
3.9
0.9
0.1
1.2
1.2
0.0
1.7
4.3
0.3
2.2
0.3
1.5
0.2
1.4
TOURIST ARRIVALS,
2000-2015
Number of tourist (million)
25
20
15
10
5
6.7 100.0
0
'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15
ASEAN
East Asia
America & Europe
Others
27
9.
PRIVATISATION
9.1 Privatisation Achievement
Total Projects Privatised (as at 31 Dec 2015):
Existing projects
New projects
Jobs eliminated from Government payroll
1983-2015
754
698
56
113,487
Savings (RM billion):
Capital Expenditure
Operating Expenditure
Proceeds from Sales of Government Equity and Assets
SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION
OF PRIVATISED PROJECTS, 1983-2015
(% of Total)
203.5
Construction
29.3
Transport,
Storage
&
Transport,
Storage
Comunicatio
& Communications
11.9 ns
11.9
9.3
6,483.8
Market Capitalisation (as at 31 December 2015):
RM billion
% of total Bursa Malaysia capitalisation
Agriculture &
Forestry
4.4
Electricity,
Gas & Water
7.3
Total
Projects:
754
293.0
17.7
Source : Public-Private Partnership Unit (UKAS), Prime Minister's Department
Manufacturin
Manufacturing
g
9.3
9.3
Mining &
Quarrying
3.5
Other
Services
7.0
Government
Services
7.3
Finance,
Real Estate
& Business
Services
7.7
Wholesale &
Retail Trade,
Hotel &
Restaurant
12.3
28
10.
ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
2012
ktoe 1/
10.1
2013
ktoe 1/
% of Total
2014
ktoe 1/
% of Total
2015 (p)
ktoe 1/
% of Total
Final Energy Consumption, by Source
Petroleum products
27,329
55.4
29,379
57.0
29,817
57.1
30,175
57.1
Electricity
10,011
20.3
10,590
20.5
11,042
21.1
11,175
21.1
Natural gas
10,206
20.7
10,076
19.5
9,641
18.5
9,757
18.5
1,744
3.5
1,539
3.0
1,709
3.3
1,730
3.3
49,290
100.0
51,584
100.0
52,209
100.0
52,837
100.0
Coal and coke
Total
10.2
% of Total
2012
2013
2014
2015 (e)
Peak demand (Megawatt)
17,815
19,219
19,845
21,615
Installed capacity (Megawatt)
24,400
24,970
24,785
28,173
36.9
29.9
24.9
30.3
Electricity - Demand and Supply
Reserve margin (%)
(e) Estimate
1/ ktoe = kilo tonne of oil equivalent
Note
: (p) Preliminary
Source : Economic Planning Unit; Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water; Energy Commission; Tenaga Nasional Berhad; Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd; and Sarawak Energy Berhad
29
GENERATION MIX OF ELECTRICITY, 1995 AND 2015
(% of Total)
Gas
66.5
Hydro
11.3
Gas
40.1
Coal
43.0
Oil
11.0
Others
1.5
1995
41,813 GWH
Oil
0.4
Coal
9.7
Hydro
14.4
Others
2.1
2015
158,843 GWH
30
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
10.3 Roads by Surface Type
Paved
Unpaved
TOTAL
km
km
km
143,012
39,687
182,699
158,005
46,165
204,170
154,694
49,094
203,788
10.4 Railway
Inter-city daily ridership
KTM Komuter daily ridership
Light Rail daily ridership
Total freight traffic
Container handling
…
…
…
…
'000s
'000s
'000s
'000 tonnes
TEU's 1/
8.4
95.5
347.7
6,096
331,871
7.4
120.4
380.6
6,622
343,395
6.1
128.6
397.9
7,136
318,033
5.5
135.8
396.9
4,129
283,063
million
million
million
34.4
32.8
67.2
43.2
38.4
81.6
45.1
40.0
85.7
46.1
40.3
86.4
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
167.272
712.460
890.733
168.369
728.859
940.775
181.531
805.884
1,012.397
198,137
781,290
979,427
19.6
39.3
66.5
325.8
451.2
20.5
37.1
69.1
331.8
458.5
21.4
36.2
68.8
335.4
461.8
20.4
60.5
67.7
385.1
533.7
10.5 Air Traffic
No. of Passengers
Domestic
International
TOTAL (including transit)
Cargo Handled
Domestic
International
TOTAL (including transit)
10.6 Ports
Composition of Cargo Throughput
General cargo
Dry bulk cargo
Liquid bulk cargo
Containerized cargo
TOTAL
Note
Source
million tonnes
million tonnes
million tonnes
million tonnes
million tonnes
: 1/ Twenty-foot equivalent units (million)
: Economic Planning Unit, Department of Statistics Malaysia, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Works, Land Public Transport Commission and Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad
31
11.
11.1
QUALITY OF LIFE
Index
2000
2010
2012
2014 (p)
Malaysian Well-Being Index
(2000 = 100)
Economic Well-being
Point Change,
2000-2014
100.0
120.2
133.3
131.0
31.0
Transport
100.0
121.1
136.9
135.7
35.7
Communications
100.0
114.7
136.2
132.8
32.8
Education
100.0
125.9
132.9
135.7
35.7
Income & Distribution
100.0
119.7
131.8
136.5
36.5
Working Life
100.0
119.4
128.6
114.4
14.4
Social Well-being
100.0
115.8
121.0
122.6
22.6
Housing
100.0
130.3
136.9
144.5
44.5
Leisure
100.0
122.4
131.4
135.9
35.9
Governance
100.0
120.3
128.1
132.5
32.5
Public Safety
100.0
115.8
125.6
134.2
34.2
Social Participation
100.0
109.3
120.6
116.3
16.3
Culture
100.0
119.0
120.3
119.0
19.0
Health
100.0
110.2
114.1
118.0
18.0
Environment
100.0
107.4
107.3
103.4
3.4
Family
100.0
107.6
104.6
100.1
0.1
100.0
117.4
125.4
125.6
25.6
Composite Index
Note : (p) preliminary
Source : Economic Planning Unit
INDICES OF COMPONENT
2000, 2010 AND 2014
Family
100.1
Transport
135.7
Communication
Communications
s
132.8
132.8
Environment
103.4
Education
135.7
Income and
Distribution
136.5
Health
118.0
Working
Life
114.4
Culture
119.0
Social
Participation
116.3
Housing
144.5
Public Safety
134.2
2000
Governance
132.5
2010
Leisure
135.9
2014 (p)
32
11.2
Note
Selected Social Indicators
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
Working Life
Trade disputes
Working days lost
Strike
Number of workers involved in strike
Industrial and commuting accidents
number
number of days
number
number
number '000
294
0
0
0
61.6
326
0
0
0
63.6
385
0
0
0
63.3
403
0
0
0
62.9(p)
Utilities/Facilities
Private motorcars and motorcycles
Telephone fixed lines
Cellular phones
Broadband subscribers 1/
Total road mileage
Total railway tracks
Average daily newspaper circulation
per 1,000 population
per 1,000 population
per 1,000 population
per 1,000 household
km
km
per 1,000 population
1,237.8
134
1,425
660
182,699
2,681
116.2
1,111.6
125
1,438
671
204,170
2,681
110.5
1,205.7
118
1,483
702
203,788
2,685
104.6
1,137.3
113
1,438
718
…
2,771(p)
…
Health
Population-doctor ratio
Crude birth rate
Crude death rate
Infant mortality rate
Maternal mortality ratio
Life expectancy at birth
Male
Female
Beds in hospitals 2/
persons
per 1,000 population
per 1,000 population
per 1,000 live births
per 100,000 live births
years
years
years
number
:
758
17.8
4.7
6.2
23.2
74.4
72.2
76.9
38,978
633
16.3 (p)
4.7
6.3
21.4
74.6 (p)
72.4 (p)
77.1 (p)
39,728
661
16.9 (e)
4.8 (p)
6.2 (p)
22.7 (p)
74.7 (e)
72.5 (e)
77.2 (e)
40,260
…
…
4.8 (e)
6.2 (e)
…
74.8
72.5
77.4
…
(p) Preliminary
(e) Estimate
Non-private household and public WiFi subscriptions are not taken into account
Includes government hospitals and special medical institutions
Source : Economic Planning Unit, Department of Statistics Malaysia, Ministry of Works, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Transport, Industrial Relations Department, Malaysian Communications and Multimedia
Commission, National Registration Department, Social Security Organisation and the World Bank World Development Indicator
1/
2/
33
Education
Literacy rate
15 years and above
10 years and above
Enrolment
Primary school 1/
Lower secondary school 2/
Upper secondary school 3/
Tertiary 4/
Pupil-teacher ratio
Primary
Secondary
Note
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
%
%
94.6
95.2
94.6
95.3
95.2
95.7
95.1
…
96.4
94.2
84.5
1,009
97.1
93.5
84.8
1,067
97.9
92.5
84.4
…
97.2
92.5
82.2
…
12.3
13.1
12.0
13.1
11.7
12.5
11.5
12.0
95.9
94.7
5,155
96.9
95.1
5,995
97.6
95.3
6,976
98.3
…
3,110
73.9
58.3
54.5
74.9
57.2
54.7
73.4
51.2
55.3
62.0
58.0
…
%
%
%
total ('000)
pupils
pupils
Utilities
Electricity coverage: rural housing units 5/
Water coverage
Low-cost house and flat completed
% of population
% of population
number
Environment
Air quality
Water quality
Forested land
% of stations with API < 51
% of clean rivers
% of total land
Family
Marriages
Divorces
Average household size
number
number
number
215,604
39,447
4.1
216,666
39,335
…
221,674
42,014
4.3
56,997 6/
7,256 6/
…
Social Participation
Membership in residents’ associations
number
4,542
3,468
3,941
5,740
Safety
Crimes 7/
Road accidents (Fatality Index)
per 1,000 population
per 10,000 vehicles
5.2
3.1
4.9
2.9
4.2
2.7
…
2.6
:
Includes schools under Ministry of Education, private schools, state religious primary schools, people religious primary schools
Includes schools under Ministry of Education, private schools, MARA Junior Science Colleges, Royal Military College, state religious secondary schools, people religious secondary schools
Data refers to enrolment in form four and form five, which includes schools under Ministry of Education, private schools, MARA Junior Science Colleges, Royal Military College, state religious secondary
schools, people religious secondary schools
4/ Excludes pre-university (e.g. matriculation, pre-diploma and certificate) enrolment
5/ Electricity coverage in urban areas is universal
6/ Data refers to non-muslims only
7/ Data based on violent crime and property crime
Source : Economic Planning Unit, Department of Statistics Malaysia, Ministry of Works, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, National Registration Department,
Department of Islamic Development Malaysia, Royal Malaysian Police, Road Safety Department Malaysia, National Water Services Commission and Registrar of Society
1/
2/
3/
34
11.3
Poverty 1/
Unit
11.4
Incidence of poverty
Overall
Rural
Urban
Incidence of hardcore poverty
Overall
Rural
Urban
2009
2012
2014
% of households
% of households
% of households
3.6
7.1
2.0
3.8
8.4
1.7
1.7
3.4
1.0
0.6
1.6
0.3
% of households
% of households
% of households
0.7
1.4
0.3
0.7
1.8
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
Unit
2012
2013
2014
2015
% of population
% of labour force
%
%
%
%
%
%
% of total members
48.6
36.4
36.4
3.2
49.5
48.6
49.8
61.0
13.6
48.6
37.8
37.6
3.6
52.4
48.5
49.8
61.0
13.9
48.7
38.4
38.3
3.3
53.6
48.6
49.9
61.4
13.6
48.4
38.3 4/
38.2 4/
3.4 4/
54.1 4/
48.6
50.0
62.0
13.2
Female-Related Information
Female population
Female labour force
Total female employed
Female unemployment rate
Female labour force participation rate
Female primary school enrolment
Female secondary school enrolment 2/
Female university enrolment
Female members in Parliament 3/
Note
2007
:
Based on the Household Income Survey, which is conducted twice every 5 years
Excludes Form Six enrolment in secondary schools
Includes the Senate
Updated based on population estimates 2015
: Economic Planning Unit; Department of Statistics Malaysia; Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development; Ministry of Education; and Ministry of Higher Education
1/
2/
3/
4/
Source
35
12.
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 (e)
REAL GDP GROWTH,
1990-2016
12.1 Real Gross Domestic Product
Annual Growth (%)
World
Advanced Economies
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
Other Advanced Economies
Hong Kong
South Korea
Singapore
Taiwan
Emerging and Developing
Countries
3.5
1.2
0.6
1.7
1.2
2.2
2.1
1.7
2.3
3.7
2.1
3.3
1.2
0.4
1.4
2.2
1.5
2.3
3.1
2.9
4.7
2.2
3.4
1.8
1.6
0.0
2.9
2.4
2.8
2.6
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.1
1.9
1.5
0.5
2.2
2.4
2.0
2.4
2.6
2.0
0.7
3.2
1.9
1.5
0.5
1.9
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.7
1.8
1.5
5.3
4.9
4.6
4.0
4.1
ASEAN
Brunei
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
0.9
6.0
5.5
6.7
7.2
5.2
-2.1
5.6
4.7
7.1
2.7
5.4
-2.3
5.0
6.0
6.1
0.8
6.0
-0.2
4.8
5.0
5.8
2.8
6.7
-2.0
4.9
4.0-4.5
6.0
3.0
6.3
China
India
7.7
5.6
7.7
6.6
7.3
7.2
6.9
7.3
6.5
7.5
Note : (e) Estimate
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2016
Annual change (%)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
'90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16(e)
Malaysia
World
Emerging and Developing Economies
36
Country
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 (e)
INFLATION RATE,
1990-2016
12.2 Consumer Price Index
(% Annual change)
Advanced Economies
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
Other Advanced Economies
Hong Kong
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Emerging Market and Developing
Countries
2.0
2.1
0.0
2.8
2.1
2.0
4.1
4.6
2.2
1.9
1.4
1.6
0.4
2.6
1.5
1.6
4.3
2.4
1.3
0.8
1.4
0.8
2.7
1.5
1.6
1.4
4.4
1.0
1.3
1.2
0.3
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.6
3.0
-0.5
0.7
-0.3
0.7
0.5
-0.2
0.8
0.8
1.2
2.5
0.2
1.3
0.7
5.8
5.5
4.7
4.7
4.5
ASEAN
Brunei
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
0.1
4.0
1.7
3.2
3.0
9.1
0.4
6.4
2.1
2.9
2.2
6.6
-0.2
6.4
3.2
4.2
1.9
4.1
-0.4
6.4
2.1
1.4
-0.9
0.6
0.2
4.3
2.5-3.5
2.0
0.2
1.3
China
India
2.6
9.9
2.6
9.4
2.0
5.9
1.4
4.9
1.8
5.3
Note
: (e) Estimate
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2016
Annual change (%)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
'01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 (e)
Malaysia
Advanced Economies
Emerging and Developing Economies
37
Year
GDP
(US$ billion)
Agriculture
Value-Added of GDP (%)
Industry 1/
Services
Selected Developed Countries
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
2015
2015
2015
2015
3,355.9
4,121.6
2,848.8
17,947.0
1.0 2/
1.0 2/
1.0
1.0
31.0 2/
27.0 2/
19.0
20.0
69.0 2/
72.0 2/
80.0
79.0
NIEs
Hong Kong
Singapore
Taiwan
South Korea
2015
2015
2015
2015
309.9
292.7
523.7
1,377.9
0.0 2/
0.0
2.0
2.0
7.0 2/
26.0
35.0
38.0
93.0 2/
74.0
63.0
60.0
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia 3/
Philippines
Thailand
2015
2015
2015
2015
861.9
272.1
292.0
395.3
14.0
8.5
10.0
9.0
55.0
39.2
31.0
36.0
31.0
51.1
59.0
55.0
China
India
2015
2015
10,866.5
2,114.9
9.0
17.0
41.0
30.0
51.0
53.0
Country
12.3 Structure of Output
Note
: 1/ Includes mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas and water
2/ Refers to 2014
3/ Includes import duties
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia and IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
38
Share of GDP (%)
Government Consumption
Gross Fixed
Expenditure
Capital Formation
Year
Household Consumption
Expenditure
Selected Developed Countries
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
2015
2015
2015
2015
54.0
58.6
64.9
68.4
19.4
20.4
19.4
14.3
20.0
21.7
17.3
19.6
39.6
15.2
16.2
8.39
NIEs
Hong Kong
Singapore
Taiwan
South Korea
2015
2015
2015
2015
66.2
36.7
52.2
49.5
9.6
10.4
13.9
15.2
22.6
25.5
20.8
29.1
164.8
119.7
54.5
38.2
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
2015
2015
2015
2015
55.9
54.1
73.7
51.5
9.8
13.1
11.0
17.2
33.2
26.2
21.7
24.9
17.4
70.9
20.1
54.2
China
India
2015
2015
38.2 1/
59.8
13.9 1/
10.7
44.3 1/
29.5
20.9
12.6
Country
Exports of
Goods
12.4 Structure of Demand
Note : 1/ Refers to 2014
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia and IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
39
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 (e)
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 (e)
7,463.7
6,567.1
896.6
-315.9
580.7
-483.8
239.9
360.6
7,659.3
6,774.0
885.3
-364.3
521.1
-555.9
215.5
189.6
7,632.4
6,767.8
864.6
-423.9
440.7
-491.3
206.3
145.5
6,462.4
5,937.4
525.0
-374.5
150.5
-426.9
221.3
-71.7
6,105.9
5,685.6
420.3
-403.0
17.3
-402.0
240.1
-163.7
208.8
172.2
36.6
-2.8
33.8
-11.6
-6.0
16.2
202.4
171.7
30.6
-3.0
27.6
-10.8
-5.6
11.3
207.7
173.1
34.7
-3.4
31.2
-11.4
-5.4
14.5
175.6
147.7
27.9
-5.2
22.6
-8.2
-5.7
8.7
164.6
141.4
23.1
-4.5
18.7
-8.8
-5.4
4.5
12.5 Current Account of Balance of Payments (US$ billion)
Advanced Economies
Exports (f.o.b.)
Imports (f.o.b.)
Goods balance
Services balance
Trade balance
Primary income balance
Secondary income balance
Current account balance
Emerging and Developing Asia
Exports (f.o.b.)
Imports (f.o.b.)
Goods balance
Services balance
Trade balance
Primary income balance
Secondary income balance
Current account balance
10,592.7
11,068.4
-475.7
444.8
-56.0
450.8
-401.2
18.8
10,823.2
11,135.9
-312.8
514.0
170.2
440.3
-419.4
222.1
10,940.3
11,260.6
-320.3
559.6
209.1
417.8
-424.0
232.9
9,715.1
9,925.9
-210.7
495.2
265.7
405.3
-387.1
302.7
9,545.2
9,731.3
-186.1
479.8
279.0
406.6
-395.1
305.1
Emerging Market and
Developing Economies
Exports (f.o.b.)
Imports (f.o.b.)
Goods balance
Services balance
Trade balance
Primary income balance
Secondary income balance
Current account balance
3,144.7
3,015.8
128.9
-32.9
96.0
-102.3
127.2
120.9
3,339.2
3,121.8
217.3
-63.9
153.4
-172.0
119.5
100.9
3,462.0
3,139.4
322.6
-87.3
235.3
-127.8
98.8
208.4
3,251.7
2,794.8
456.9
-135.6
321.3
-150.6
119.6
290.3
3,176.2
2,662.4
513.8
-204.5
309.3
-168.2
129.4
270.5
Malaysia
Exports
Imports
Goods balance
Services balance
Trade balance
Primary income balance
Secondary income balance
Current account balance
Note : (e) Estimate
f.o.b (free on board)
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2016
40
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016 (e)
World
Savings
Investment
24.9
25.6
24.8
25.6
25.0
25.8
24.9
25.6
24.9
25.2
Advanced Economies
Savings
Investment
Resource balance
20.8
21.2
-0.4
20.6
21.4
-0.8
20.8
21.7
-0.9
20.7
21.9
-1.2
20.8
21.4
-0.7
Emerging and Developing
Economies
Savings
Investment
Resource balance
31.7
32.8
-1.1
31.5
32.1
-0.6
31.7
32.2
-0.5
31.5
31.4
0.1
31.5
31.1
0.4
Malaysia
Savings
Investment
Resource balance
30.9
25.7
5.2
29.4
25.9
3.5
29.3
25.0
4.3
28.0
25.1
2.9
27.4
25.9
1.6
12.6 Savings and Investment
(as % of GDP)
Note
: e) Estimate
Source : Bank Negara Malaysia, Department of Statistics Malaysia and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2016
41
Collected Total
Tax Revenue
(% of GDP)
2015
General Government
Expenditure
(% of GDP)
2015
Government Budget
Surplus / Deficit
(% of GDP)
2015
Central Government
Foreign Debt
(% of GDP)
2015
Direct Investment
Flows Inward
(US$ billion)
2015
Selected Developed Countries
Australia
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
25.9 1/
36.1 3/
30.6 2/
32.1 3/
26.1 3/
37.5
43.9
41.5 3/
43.2
36.9 3/
-3.1
0.7
-5.2
-4.4
-3.7
…
46.3 3/
…
…
...
37.7
46.1
-0.4
57.6
409.9
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
15.7 3/
24.6 3/
12.3 3/
13.9 3/
18.1
21.8
16.6
17.0
0.6
-0.2
-1.6
-1.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
180.8
5.0
2.4
65.3
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
10.8 3/
14.3
10.6 3/
17.0 3/
17.4
25.6
16.6
17.1 3/
-2.5
-3.2
-0.7
0.3
5.5
1.9
15.6
0.6 3/
15.5
11.3
5.9
11.8 3/
China
India
18.7 3/
17.9 3/
26.0
27.7 3/
-2.8
-3.6
0.2 3/
1.5
126.7
23.0
Country
12.7 Government, Debt and Resource
Flows
2/ Refers to 2013
3/ Refers to 2014
Note
: 1/ Refers to 2012
Source : Ministry of Finance and IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
42
Surface Area
('000 km²)
2015
Population
(million)
2015
Population Density
(per km²)
2013
Urban Population
(% of Total Population)
2015
Population Under 15 years
(% of Total Population)
2015
7,741.0
357.0
378.0
244.0
9,832.0
23.9
81.3
126.9
64.7
321.6
3.0
231.4
349.3
265.0
34.6
90.0
75.0
94.0
80.0
83.0
18.8
12.1
12.6
17.6
19.0
1.0
100.0
36.0
0.1
7.3
50.6
23.5
5.5
6,845.2
515.9
…
7,713.0
100.0
84.0
87.0
100.0
11.3
14.0
13.7
15.4
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
1,911.0
330.3
300.0
513.0
255.5
31.2
101.6
65.1
137.9
89.8
330.0
131.2
54.0
73.5
50.0
50.0
27.7
25.0
33.4
18.1
China
India
9,563.0
3,287.0
1,374.6
1,291.4
144.6
421.1
55.0
33.0
17.5
28.8
Country
12.8 Population, Urbanisation and Population
Density
Selected Developed Countries
Australia
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
Source : The World Bank and IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
43
Total Employment
(million)
2015
Agriculture
2015
Employment by Sector (% of Total Employment)
Industry 1/
2015
Services
2015
Selected Developed Countries
Australia
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
11.9
43.0
63.8
31.1
148.8
2.7
1.4
3.6
1.1
1.6
19.0
27.7
24.6
18.6
17.6
78.4
70.9
71.8
80.3
80.8
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
3.8
25.9
11.2
3.7
0.1
5.2
5.0
0.0
11.5
24.7
36.0
28.5
88.3
70.1
59.0
71.5
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
114.8
13.8
38.7
38.0
32.9
11.7
29.1
32.3
21.8
28.2
16.2
23.7
45.3
60.1
54.7
44.0
29.5 2/
48.9 2/
29.9 2/
24.3 2/
40.6 2/
26.8 2/
Country
12.9 Structure of Employment
China
India
774.5
508.5 2/
Note
: 1/ Includes mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas and water
2/ Refers to 2014
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia and IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
44
2015
Crude Birth
Rate
(Per 1,000 population)
2014
Dependency Ratio
(Population Age <15
and > 65 years)
2015
Adult Literacy Rate
(% Age 15 years and
above)
2015
Pupil-Teacher Ratio in
Education
(Primary Education)
2013
80.9
83.5
80.7
79.1
3.7
2.7
4.2
6.5
9
8
12
13
51.9
64.9
54.6
51.2
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
16.0
17.4
20.7
15.4
84.0
81.9
79.8
83.0
2.0
3.4
5.0
2.7
9
9
...
10
36.3
37.2
34.7
37.4
...
...
98.6
96.8
13.8
17.3
13.3
17.0
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
68.9
74.7
68.2
74.4
27.2
6.2
28.0
12.3
20
17
24
11
49.0
44.7
60.0
40.3
93.9
95.1
96.3
96.7
16.1
12.0
36.0
16.3 1/
China
India
75.8
68.0
10.7
47.7
12
20
37.5
51.9
96.4
72.1
16.9
41.0
Country
Life Expectancy
at Birth
(Years)
2014
Infant Mortality
(Per 1,000 live births)
12.10 Quality of Life
Selected Developed Countries
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
Note : 1/ Refers to 2012
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia, IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016 and the World Bank World Development Indicator
45
2011
2012
2013
2014
Selected Developed Countries
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
46,480
45,190
40,190
50,450
46,680
47,830
41,010
52,530
46,390
46,330
42,040
53,720
47,590
42,000
43,390
55,230
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Singapore
35,690
22,620
48,330
36,320
24,640
51,390
38,520
25,870
54,580
40,320
27,090
55,150
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
3,010
10,009
2,640
5,000
1,390
3,580
10,263
3,000
5,610
1,550
3,740
10,345
3,340
5,840
1,740
3,630
10,677
3,500
5,780
1,890
5,000
1,410
5,870
1,500
6,710
1,530
7,400
1,570
12.11 GNI Per Capita (US$)
China
India
Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Bank World Development Indicator
46
Country
Internet
Computers
Mobile
Information Broadband
Cyber
Users
Per Capita
Broadband
Technology Subscribers Security1/
1/
Subscribers
(Score)
(No. of
(No. of
Skills
(Per 1,000
internet users
computers
(3G & 4G market,
(Score)
inhabitants)
per 1,000 people) per 1,000 % of mobile market)
people)
2015
2015
2014
2016
2014
2016
882
868
875
843
968
1,018
904
994
81.2
49.9
98.9
68.3
7.3
7.0
7.5
7.6
524
432
687
450
6.0
6.2
5.2
5.6
890
1,144
69.3
8.6
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
877
867
830
876
1,011
956
862
953
72.9
89.4
88.4
96.3
8.7
7.5
7.7
8.5
314
383
…
680
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
311
745
372
466
94
470
170
210
15.6
46.1
28.5
85.4
6.8
7.7
7.2
6.4
China
India
455
225
267
93
37.7
10.5
7.1
8.2
Investment in
Internet Mobile Telephone
Fixed
Telecommuni- Bandwidth
Costs
Broadband
cations
Tariffs
Speed
(Monthly Blended
(Capital
(Average Average Revenue
(Residential),
Expenditure
speed)
per user)
(Per month (US$))
Aggregate Annual
Spending)
2014
2015
2014
2012
12.12 Information Age
Selected Developed
Countries
Australia
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of
America
Note : 1/ IMD Survey, where the higher the score is , the better the performance
Source : IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
2,232
10,871
18,321
3,368
8.2
12.9
17.4
13.5
40.1
17.5
40.6
29.4
62.1
38.5
26.6
20.5
31,468
13.9
47.0
15.0
7.4
5.2
6.7
7.7
396
4
1,229
1,014
16.8
26.7
12.9
13.9
26.0
39.1
23.2
40.5
21.7
26.6
13.8
30.2
25
214
65
84
5.2
6.9
4.4
5.1
5
1
1,114
2
3.9
5.2
3.2
9.3
3.4
16.0
3.1
6.0
20.8
21.4
23.4
20.3
146
23
5.8
5.6
56,053
…
4.1
2.8
8.9
19.7
23.8
5.3
322
5.8
47
Development and
Application of
Technology
(Score)
2016 1/
Funding for
Technological
Development
(Score)
2016 1/
Total Expenditure
on R&D
(% of GDP)
Business
Expenditure on R&D
(% of GDP)
High-Technology
Exports
(US$ million)
2014
2014
2014
Selected Developed Countries
Australia
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
7.0
6.6
6.5
7.3
7.8
5.6
6.1
6.2
6.5
7.9
2.2 2/
2.8
3.6
1.7
2.7 2/
1.2 2/
1.9
2.8
1.1
1.9 2/
4,691
199,826
100,955
70,653
155,641
13.6
16.0
16.7
20.7
18.2
8.0
8.2
6.9
8.0
8.6
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
8.0
5.2
6.2
8.2
7.1
4.9
6.7
7.9
0.7
4.3
3.0
2.2
0.3
3.4
2.3
1.3
600 2/
133,447
117,672
137,369
12.3 2/
26.9
38.6
47.2
7.8
5.8
6.6
8.4
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
5.7
7.2
5.5
5.6
4.5
6.8
4.4
5.2
0.1 2/
1.3
0.1 2/
0.5
0.0 2/
0.6
0.1 2/
0.3
4,981
63,376
23,839
34,992
7.0
43.9
49.0
20.4
3.8
6.6
4.4
4.9
China
India
5.8
6.3
5.7
5.7
2.0
0.9
1.5
0.3
558,606
17,316
25.4
8.6
4.7
5.3
Country
High-Technology Intellectual Property
Exports
Rights Enforced
(% of Manufactured
(Score)
Exports)
2014
20161/
12.13 Science and Technology
Note
: 1/ IMD Survey, where the higher the score is, the better the performance
2/ Refers to 2013
Source : IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
48
Country/Rank
12.14
Note
Economic
Performance
1/
2015
World Competitiveness
Ranking
United States of
America
1
Hong Kong
9
Singapore
3
Switzerland
14
Canada
10
Norway
24
Denmark
23
Sweden
20
Germany
8
Taiwan
11
MALAYSIA
6
Netherlands
25
Ireland
12
New Zealand
37
Australia
28
United Kingdom
18
Finland
52
China
4
South Korea
15
Japan
29
Thailand
13
Philippines
34
Indonesia
36
India
16
2/
2016
Government
Efficiency
1/
2015
Business
Efficiency
2/
2016
1/
2015
Basic
Infrastructure
2/
2016
20151/
20162/
OVERALL
20151/
20162/
WORLD COMPETITIVENESS SCOREBOARD,
2015 AND 2016
Rank
1
5
4
10
14
32
22
17
8
15
11
9
6
41
24
28
47
3
21
18
13
38
37
16
23
1
2
5
8
7
10
11
18
9
16
13
15
6
14
19
17
35
28
42
27
36
30
47
25
1
3
2
10
6
8
11
19
9
18
15
13
4
14
16
21
51
26
37
23
36
32
47
2
1
7
6
3
5
8
9
7
14
10
12
13
15
17
20
19
27
37
25
24
26
34
33
7
1
5
3
12
8
6
4
8
15
14
10
2
13
17
18
21
26
48
29
25
24
39
31
1
15
7
2
6
10
3
4
9
18
27
8
24
23
19
16
5
25
21
13
46
57
56
58
1
21
8
3
9
6
2
4
10
19
31
7
23
20
18
16
5
25
22
11
49
55
57
58
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
25
27
30
41
42
44
3
1
4
2
10
9
6
5
12
14
19
8
7
16
17
18
20
25
29
26
28
42
48
41
: ● The World Competitiveness Ranking series analyse and rank how nations and enterprises manage the totality of their
competencies to achieve increased prosperity.
● The components above provide ranking based on knowledge components. For Malaysia's purpose, the comparison is made for
four components, in relation to 21 other countries, which are mainly developed countries.
1/ Rank out of 61 countries
2/ Rank out of 61 countries
Source : IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2016
Score
100.00
98.02
97.88
97.65
92.35
91.76
91.54
91.32
90.05
90.05
88.57
85.61
84.27
83.34
83.05
82.04
79.35
78.72
74.68
74.20
65.83
65.54
62.38
Hong Kong 1 (2)
Switzerland 2 (4)
USA 3 (1)
Singapore 4 (3)
Sweden 5 (9)
Denmark 6 (8)
Ireland 7 (16)
Netherlands 8 (15)
Norway 9 (7)
Canada 10 (5)
Germany 12 (10)
New Zealand 16 (20)
Australia 17 (18)
United Kingdom 18 (19)
MALAYSIA 19 (14)
Finland 20 (20)
China 25 (22)
Japan 26 (27)
Thailand 28 (30)
South Korea 29 (25)
India 41 (44)
Philippines 42 (41)
Indonesia 48 (42)
2016
2015
Note: Rankings for 2015 are in brackets
49
12.15
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
86,953
93,972
82,801
107,915
81,634
95,091
82,764
110,092
86,872
77,674
84,583
116,722
90,325
72,559
95,940
119,061
78,110
64,644
91,585
120,584
Selected Emerging and Developing Economies
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
67,136
46,045
43,591
80,478
71,711
45,769
43,643
82,355
73,092
52,045
44,607
84,648
77,006
55,095
44,796
84,956
81,582
53,126
46,770
80,065
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
7,722
25,592
6,043
8,986
7,924
23,847
6,652
9,388
7,837
24,002
7,174
9,946
7,751
24,082
7,471
9,817
7,507
21,564
7,536
10,398
9,550
3,823
10,726
3,932
11,927
4,156
13,411
4,423
14,030
4,024
Productivity per Worker (Nominal
US$) 1/
Selected Developed Countries
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
China
India
Note : 1/ GDP per person employed, US$
Source : IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook
50
12.16
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015 2/
Selected Developed Countries
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
45.0
34.2
43.5
55.5
44.8
34.8
42.6
55.2
47.3
36.3
43.4
59.0
48.0
36.3
45.7
59.8
50.4
37.2
47.4
60.8
Selected Emerging and Developing
Economies
NIEs
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
41.5
26.3
38.6
45.8
43.1
26.6
37.8
46.6
43.8
26.7
39.5
47.3
44.7
28.7
39.5
59.8
46.6
30.2
46.1
62.1
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
4.6
19.7
5.1
7.1
5.1
19.4
4.9
7.1
5.4
20.0
5.3
7.4
10.2
26.4
7.6
10.7
11.1
28.6
8.1
12.1
7.3
4.5
8.0
4.5
8.7
4.8
10.6
6.5
11.8
6.4
Productivity per Worker, PPP (US$)
1/
China
India
Note
: 1/ GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$
2/ Refers to revised 2014
Source : IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook
51
12.17
Industry 2/
2013
Services
Agriculture
Industry 2/
2014
Services
Agriculture
Industry 2/
2015
Services
Agriculture
100,809
73,762 3/
84,719
128,034
77,103
74,675 3/
76,209
112,703
42,517
22,896 3/
44,230
85,474
105,440
76,368 4/
89,768 4/
129,724 4/
78,169
74,489 4/
80,506 4/
114,190 4/
42,210
23,756 4/
46,859 4/
86,603 4/
102,930
80,382 5/
89,079
137,732
91,336
75,630 5/
85,925
117,487
50,632
24,080 5/
53,131
88,920
Selected Emerging and Developing Economies
NIEs
Hong Kong
60,498 3/
South Korea
98,715
Taiwan
69,330
Singapore
78,922
105,141 3/
52,191
96,830
103,617
73,124 3/
23,389
28,447
…
62,863 4/
105,087
80,831
103,358
107,905 4/
56,927
93,233
127,717
95,622 4/
27,661
32,589
…
66,986 5/
109,452
96,448
119,669
112,098 5/
60,723
104,415
132,801
100,247 5/
31,742
35,644
…
Productivity by Sector (PPP) (US$) 1/
Selected Developed Countries
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
ASEAN
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
25,485
53,852
23,588
35,641
10,180
37,150
12,829
19,866
4,827
21,709
4,299
3,651
46,637
79,315
35,077
49.073
19,818
47,478
19,199
27,519
9,205
30,557
6,642
6,346
62,373
87,598
36,402
43,914
16,956
49,773
20,611
36,522
10,511
43,868
6,746
8,255
China
India
23,913
12,289
19,671
23,677
4,808
3,023
62,863 4/
20,870
25,140 4/
28,103
6,686 4/
5,463
33,124
17,926
27,602
28,260
7,250
5,141
Note
: 1/ Productivity in agricultural (PPP) = Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$
Productivity in industry (PPP) = Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$
Productivity in services (PPP) = Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$
2/ Includes mining, construction, electricity, gas and water
3/ Refers to 2012
4/ Refers to 2013
5/ Refers to 2014
Source : IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook
52
13. MALAYSIA’S COMPETITIVENESS POSITION
Ranking
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
IMD World
Competitiveness Yearbook
2016
World Bank
Doing Business
2016
WEF Global
Competitiveness Report
2015-2016
WEF Global
Information
Technology
Report 2016
TI Corruption
Perceptions
Index 2015
AT Kearney
Global Retail
Development
Index 2016
AT Kearney
Global Services
Location 2016
Current
Year
Current
Year
19
19
18
18
18
31
54
3
33
Previous
Year
Previous
Year
14
14
17
17
20
32
52
9
33
53
14.
INVESTOR’S GUIDE
14.1
Income Tax Rate
• Individual
0-28%
• Corporate
19-24%
14.2
14.3
Exemption of income is given the following activities (the quantum of tax
exemption varies):
i.
Principal Hub, Treasury Management Centre, Private Healthcare,
Acquisition of Foreign Company, Industrial Area Management
incentive, Less Developed Areas incentive;
ii.
Reinvestment Allowance;
Promotion of Investment Act,1986
•
•
•
•
•
Incentives available are Pioneer Status (PS) and Investment Tax Allowance
(ITA).
These incentives are mutually exclusive.
A company granted with PS enjoys partial or full exemption from being
taxed for 5 to 10 years. Unabsorbed capital allowances as well as
accumulated losses incurred during the pioneer period can be carried
forward and deducted from post pioneer income of the company.
The ITA offers allowance of 60%-100% on its qualifying capital expenditure
incurred within 5-10 years from the date the first qualifying capital
expenditure is incurred. The allowance can be utilised to offset against
70%-100% of the statutory income for each year of assessment.
Incentives are offered based on activities and products determined in the
list of promoted products and activities.
Income Tax Act, 1967
14.4
iii.
Double Deduction: Research & Development, Approved Training,
Promotion of Malaysian Brand Name;
iv.
Accelerated Capital Allowance; and
v.
Capital Allowance to Increase Automation.
Others
Companies are also subjected to other Acts such as Customs Act 1967, Excise
Act 1976, Free Zone Act 1990, Labuan Offshore Business Activity Act
(LOBATA) 1990 and Goods and Services Tax Act 2014.
54
15. FOREIGN EXCHANGE ADMINISTRATION RULES
Malaysia continues to maintain liberal Foreign Exchange Administration (FEA) rules, which are mainly prudential measures to support the overall macroeconomic objective of
maintaining monetary and financial stability. Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is committed in ensuring the FEA rules continue to support and enhance the competitiveness of the
economy through the creation of a more supportive and facilitative environment for trade, business and investment activities.
15.1
Rules Applicable to Residents
15.1.1 Investment in foreign currency assets
‒ up to 50% of NAV or total funds belonging to their resident clients with
• Residents are free to undertake any amount of investment in foreign currency
domestic ringgit borrowing.
assets offered in Malaysia by a resident.
o Licensed takaful operators are allowed to undertake investment abroad up to
• Investment abroad
100% of the NAV of ringgit or foreign currency- denominated investment-linked
o Residents are free to undertake investment abroad using foreign currency
funds belonging to their clients
funds sourced from abroad.
15.1.2 Borrowing onshore and offshore
• Borrowing in foreign currency
o Residents without domestic ringgit borrowing are free to invest abroad.
o Residents with domestic ringgit borrowing who are converting ringgit into
o Resident entities are free to obtain any amount of foreign currency borrowing
from:
foreign currency are free to invest abroad:
‒ up to RM50 million equivalent in aggregate for the group of resident entities
‒ licensed onshore banks;
‒ resident or non-resident entities within its group of entities;
with parent-subsidiary relationship per calendar year; and
‒ up to RM1 million equivalent per calendar year in aggregate for resident
‒ resident or non-resident direct shareholders; and
individuals
‒ another resident through the issuance of foreign currency debt securities
o Residents are free to undertake direct investments abroad using proceeds from
o A prudential limit of RM100 million equivalent in aggregate is applicable to
foreign currency borrowings obtained from licensed onshore banks or licensed
borrowing by resident entities from non-resident financial institutions and other
international Islamic banks.
non-residents which are not part of its group of entities; and
• Investment abroad through intermediaries
o Foreign currency borrowing by resident individuals from licensed onshore
o Resident unit trust companies, closed-end funds, entities offering collective
banks and non-residents, other than immediate family members, is subject to
investment schemes and fund managers and resident insurers are allowed to
an aggregate limit of RM10 million equivalent.
invest abroad on behalf of their resident and non-resident clients as follows:
• Borrowing in ringgit for non-residents
‒ up to 100% of Net Asset Value (NAV) or total funds belonging to resident
o Resident entities are free to obtain:
clients without domestic ringgit borrowing, non-resident clients and Shariah
‒ any amount of ringgit borrowing to finance activities in the real sector in
55
compliant funds;
Malaysia from:
 non-resident entities within its group of entities; and
 their non-resident direct shareholders; and
‒ up to RM1 million in aggregate from any other non- resident, other than a
non-resident financial institution, for use in Malaysia
o Resident individuals are free to obtain:
‒ any amount of ringgit borrowing from non-resident immediate family
members; and
‒ up to RM1 million in aggregate from other non- residents for use in
Malaysia
15.1.3 Payments and receipts in foreign currency between residents
• Borrowing in foreign currency
o Residents are allowed to pay or receive in foreign currency from another
resident for the following:
‒ settlement for domestic trade in goods or services by resident entities with
export earnings;
‒ settlement for the purchase or sale of any:
 security or Islamic security;
 financial instrument or Islamic financial instrument denominated in
foreign currency approved by the Bank; and
 foreign currency derivatives, other than exchange rate derivatives
transacted on a Specified Exchange under the Capital Markets and
Services Act 2007
o settlement for a commodity murabahah transaction undertaken through
resident commodity trading service providers;
o settlement for education or employment overseas; and
o for any purpose between immediate family members.
15.1.4 Buying and selling of currency
• Buying and selling of ringgit
o Residents are free to buy or sell ringgit against foreign currency with a licensed
•
onshore bank (excluding international Islamic banks) on spot or forward basis
for current and financial account transactions either on firm commitment or
anticipatory basis.
Buying or selling of foreign currency
o Residents are free to buy or sell foreign currency against another foreign
currency with a licensed onshore bank.
15.1.5 Export of goods
• All export proceeds must be repatriated to Malaysia in full as per the sales
contract which must not exceed six months from the date of export;
• Settlement with the non-residents can be undertaken both in ringgit or foreign
currency;
• Approval is required for residents:
o to receive the export proceeds later than six months from the date of export; or
o to offset the export proceeds against other payables due to non- residents.
• Application for approval to extend the period to receive export proceeds exceeding
6 months from the date of export shall be submitted via online at
www.bnm.gov.my/fxadmin. The application must be submitted before the expiry of
the 6-month period; and
• A resident with annual gross exports of goods exceeding RM50 million equivalent
in the preceding year shall submit a report to the Bank via
www.bnm.gov.my/fxadmin on quarterly basis for all goods exported in that quarter,
within 21 days after end of each reporting quarter in the calendar year.
15.1.6 Foreign currency accounts
• Resident entities and individuals are free to open foreign currency accounts with
licensed onshore banks and non-resident banks;
• There are no restrictions on the source of foreign currency funds to be credited in
foreign currency accounts maintained with licensed onshore banks; and
• In the case of a resident individual, the account can be maintained individually or 56
•
jointly with any other resident individual and with a non- resident immediate family
member.
15.1.7 Guarantees
• Financial guarantee obtained from non-residents
o Residents are free to obtain any amount of financial guarantees from their nonbank non-resident group of entities.
o Approval is required only for the obtaining of financial guarantees from other
non-residents exceeding RM100 million equivalent in aggregate.
• Financial guarantee issued to non-residents
o Approval is required for financial guarantees exceeding RM50 million
equivalent in aggregate issued by a resident to secure borrowing obtained by a
non-resident entity from a non-resident entity which is not within its group of
entities.
• Financial guarantee exceeding RM50 million equivalent in aggregate which do not
require approval shall be registered not later than seven (7) business days after
issuing or obtaining the financial guarantee.
15.1.8 Securities
• Residents are allowed to issue securities or Islamic securitieso denominated in ringgit in Malaysia to non-residents; and
o denominated in foreign currency to any person
Issuance of debt securities to non-residents is subject to rules on borrowing by
residents.
• Residents are allowed to transfer securities, Islamic securities, financial
instruments or Islamic financial instruments denominated in foreign currency
subject to rules on borrowing and investment in foreign currency assets by
residents.
15.1.9 Import and Export of Currency
• Residents are free to import into and export from Malaysia any amount of foreign
currency including traveller’s cheques.
• Residents travellers are allowed to carry ringgit on his person or in his baggage or
his possession, only up to USD10,000 equivalent upon arrival or leaving Malaysia.
15.2
Rules Applicable to Non-Residents
Investments in Malaysia
15.2.1
• The Malaysian markets are easily accessible by global investors. There is free
mobility for inflow and outflow of capital for investments in Malaysia.
• The investments can be funded through:
o the conversion of foreign currency to ringgit with licensed onshore banks
(excluding licensed international Islamic banks) or through an appointed
overseas office of the licensed onshore bank’s banking group;
o foreign currency borrowings from the licensed onshore banks; or
o ringgit borrowing from licensed onshore banks (excluding licensed international
Islamic banks) for real sector activities and for the purchase of residential and
commercial properties in Malaysia except for the purchase of land only.
• Non-residents are free to remit out divestment proceeds, profits, dividends or any
income arising from investments in Malaysia. Repatriation, however, must be
made in foreign currency.
15.2.2 Accesibility to domestic financing
• Financing in foreign currency
• Non-residents are free to obtain foreign currency financing from licensed onshore
banks. Proceeds of the borrowing can be utilised in or outside Malaysia; and
• Non-residents are also allowed to issue foreign-currency denominated
sukuk/bonds in Malaysia for use in or outside Malaysia.
• Financing in ringgit
o Non-residents are allowed to obtain ringgit financing as follows:
57
Borrower
Lender
Limit/Purpose
Non-resident
other than
financial
institution
• Licensed onshore banks
(excluding licensed
international Islamic banks)
• Free to obtain any amount to finance:
o real sector activities in Malaysia;
o the settlement for the purchase of goods or
services with a resident; or
o the purchase of residential and commercial
properties in Malaysia except for the
purchase of land only.
• Resident stockbroking
corporation
• Licensed onshore banks
with stockbroking licence
• Free to obtain margin financing
• Licensed insurer or a
licensed takaful operator
• Up to the attained cash surrender value of any
life insurance policy or family takaful certificate
purchased by the non- resident
• Resident companies and
individuals
• Free to obtain any amount to finance real
sector activities in Malaysia
• Individuals who are
immediate family member
• Any amount and purpose
• Employer in Malaysia
• Any amount pursuant to the terms and
conditions of service and for use in Malaysia
• Licensed onshore banks
(excluding licensed
international Islamic banks)
• Free to obtain overdraft facilities to facilitate
settlement of shares or ringgit instruments
traded:
o on Bursa Malaysia; or
o through the Real Time Electronic Transfer of
Funds and Securities System (RENTAS)
o to avoid settlement failure due to inadvertent
delays of payment by non- residents
Non-resident
custodian
bank or nonresident
stock broking
corporation
15.2.3 Settlement for trade in goods or services
• Settlement for trade in goods or services with residents can be undertaken both in
foreign currency or ringgit.
15.2.4 Buying or selling of currency
• Buying or selling of ringgit
o Non-residents are free to buy or sell ringgit against foreign currency with
licensed onshore banks (excluding licensed international Islamic banks) on
spot and forward basis for both current and financial account transactions;
o Non-residents are allowed to buy or sell ringgit against foreign currency with ‒ an appointed overseas’ office of a licensed onshore bank’s banking group on
behalf of its non-resident clients for  the settlement of trade in goods or services with a resident; or
 the purchase or sale of ringgit assets; and
‒ any non-resident financial institution for the settlement of trade in goods or
services with a resident.
15.2.5 Buying or selling of foreign currency
• Non-residents are free to buy or sell foreign currency against another foreign
currency in Malaysia only with a licensed onshore bank.
15.2.6 Financial instrument
• Non-resident non-banks are free to enter into ringgit-denominated interest rate
derivatives offered by a licensed onshore bank (excluding licensed international
Islamic banks).
• Buying or selling of derivatives involving or with reference to exchange rates shall
comply with prevailing rule on buying or selling of currency by non-residents.
• Non-residents are free to enter into ringgit-denominated derivatives and approved
foreign currency derivatives offered on Bursa Malaysia.
• Settlement for the above transactions can be made either in ringgit or foreign
58
currency equivalent.
15.2.7 Foreign currency and ringgit accounts
•
•
Non-residents are free to open:
o foreign currency accounts with licensed onshore banks in Malaysia; and
o ringgit accounts in Malaysia.
Funds in these accounts are free to be remitted abroad in foreign currency.
15.2.7 Securities
•
•
Non-residents are free to import into and export from Malaysia, any amount of
foreign currency including traveller’s cheques.
Non-resident travellers are allowed to carry ringgit on his person or in his baggage
or in his possession, only up to USD10,000 equivalent upon arrival or leaving
Malaysia.
Special Status Companies
Special status company
FEA flexibility
OHQ
Free to obtain any amount of foreign currency borrowing from
non-residents including financial institutions for own use in
carrying out qualifying services under their OHQ status.
TMC
Free to undertake
(based on treasury services to be undertaken):
• borrowing in foreign currency from any non-resident;
• lending in foreign currency to resident and non-resident related
entities;
• centralisation of foreign currency funds on behalf of its group
of companies in accounts maintained with banks in Malaysia;
• payment or receipt in foreign currency with
o related companies in Malaysia;
o other resident suppliers for purchase of goods and
services sourced overseas used for the group’s operations;
• hedging with licensed onshore banks on behalf of the group of
companies;
• offsetting of export receivables with a non-resident for own
account or on behalf of other related companies.
Non-residents are allowed to issue securities or Islamic securities denominated in
foreign currency in Malaysia to any person.
15.2.7 Import and export of currency
•
15.3
Companies awarded the Operational Headquarters (OHQ) and Treasury
Management Centre (TMC) status are granted the following additional FEA
flexibilities:
59
2016
S
M
JANUARY
T W T
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
S
M
T
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
S
M
T
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
S
M
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
2017
S
2
9
16
23
30
7
14
21
28
M
1
8
15
22
29
F
1
8
15
22
29
S
2
9
16
23
30
S
1
8
15
22
29
M
2
9
16
23
30
T
3
10
17
24
31
T
5
12
19
26
F
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28
7
14
21
28
F
1
8
15
22
29
S
2
9
16
23
30
S
1
8
15
22
29
M
2
9
16
23
30
AUGUST
T W T
3
4
5
10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26
31
F
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28
OCTOBER
T W T
F
S
4
11
18
25
7
14
21
28
S
1
8
15
22
29
NOVEMBER
T W T
F
1
2
3
4
7
8
9 10 11
14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24 25
28 29 30
S
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
APRIL
W T
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
JULY
W T
6
13
20
27
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
S
FEBRUARY
T W T
F
2
3
4
5
9 10 11 12
16 17 18 19
23 24 25 26
F
1
8
15
22
29
6
13
20
27
M
National Public Holidays 2016
1 January
New Year
24 January
Thaipusam
1 February
Federal Territory Day
8-9 February
Chinese New Year
1 May
Labour Day
5 May
Israk & Mikraj
MAY
W
4
11
18
25
S
6
13
20
27
S
M
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
S
M
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
S
M
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
S
4
11
18
25
21 May
4 June
22 June
6-7 July
31 August
12-13 Sept
MARCH
T W T
1
2
3
8
9 10
15 16 17
22 23 24
29 30 31
F
4
11
18
25
S
5
12
19
26
S
1
8
15
22
29
M
2
9
16
23
30
JANUARY
T W T
3
4
5
10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26
31
JUNE
W T
1
2
7
8
9
14 15 16
21 22 23
28 29 30
F
3
10
17
24
S
4
11
18
25
S
M
T
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
F
2
9
16
23
30
S
3
10
17
24
S
M
T
2
9
16
23
30
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
25
S
1
8
15
22
29
M
2
9
16
23
30
T
SEPTEMBER
T W T
1
6
7
8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
DECEMBER
T W T
F
1
2
5
6
7
8
9
12 13 14 15 16
19 20 21 22 23
26 27 28 29 30
M
-
Wesak Day
Agong's Birthday
Nuzul Al-Quran
Hari Raya Puasa
National Day
Hari Raya Haji
S
3
10
17
24
31
APRIL
W T
5
12
19
26
F
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28
F
S
1
8
15
22
29
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
JULY
W T
F
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
S
1
8
15
22
29
OCTOBER
T W T
3
4
5
10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26
31
F
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28
5
12
19
26
16 September
2 October
29 October
12 December
25 December
-
S
5
12
19
26
S
FEBRUARY
T W T
F
1
2
3
6
7
8
9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28
S
4
11
18
25
MAY
W
3
10
17
24
31
M
7
14
21
28
M
1
8
15
22
29
S
M
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
S
5
12
19
26
T
2
9
16
23
30
T
4
11
18
25
F
5
12
19
26
S
6
13
20
27
AUGUST
T W T
1
2
3
8
9 10
15 16 17
22 23 24
29 30 31
F
4
11
18
25
S
5
12
19
26
NOVEMBER
T W T
F
1
2
3
6
7
8
9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30
S
4
11
18
25
M
Malaysia Day
Awal Muharram
Deepavali
Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday
Christmas
MARCH
W T
1
2
7
8
9
14 15 16
21 22 23
28 29 30
F
3
10
17
24
31
S
4
11
18
25
JUNE
W T
1
6
7
8
13 14 15
20 21 22
27 28 29
F
2
9
16
23
30
S
3
10
17
24
S
M
T
5
12
19
26
6
13
20
27
S
M
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
S
M
3
10
17
24
4
11
18
25
SEPTEMBER
T W T
F
1
5
6
7
8
12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29
S
M
DECEMBER
T W T
3
10
17
24
31
4
11
18
25
5
12
19
26
T
6
13
20
27
7
14
21
28
F
1
8
15
22
29
S
2
9
16
23
30
S
2
9
16
23
30
School Holidays in 2016
60