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Chapter 4 Section Review Packet
Section 4-1: The Virginia Colonies
Define the following terms by matching the word to its definition.
1. Headright system_____
2. Joint stock company_____
3. Jamestown colony_____
4. Indentured servants_____
5. Planters_____
6. Plantation_____
7. John Smith_____
8. John Rolfe_____
9. Powhatan Confederacy_____
10. Pocahontas_____
11. Nathaniel Bacon_____
12. Bacon’s Rebellion_____
a. Type of company in which a group of people shares
the costs and risks of founding a colony
b. Took control of the Jamestown colony to prevent its
failure
c. An alliance of native American tribes near Jamestown,
Virginia
d. Led a rebellion against the colonial government of
Virginia
e. Wealthy farmers who ran plantations
f. System in which settlers in North America were given
50 acres of land and 50 additional acres if they paid for
other people’s voyages as well
g. Rebellion that arose due to higher taxation in
Virginia’s colonies and a lack of representation in the
colonial government
h. Helped make tobacco a major plantation crop in the
Virginia colony and helped make the Jamestown colony
profitable
i. Type of farm which is dedicated to growing a single
cash crop for profit
j. Daughter of Powhatan chief and wife of John Rolfe
that helped make peace between the Jamestown settlers
and native Americans
k. People whose passage to a new land is paid for in
exchange for a period of work
Answer the following questions:
13. (a) What were some of the reasons why people from England decided to establish the Jamestown colony in
1607? (b) Who or what type of company founded this colony? (c) Was it a success or failure and why?
(a) Economic reasons for the most part: England saw the success of other countries such as Spain and France in
the New World, wanted to establish colonies and find wealth for themselves
(b) Investors in a joint-stock company called the London Company
(c) Failure initially because the colonists would not see to their own survival; success after John Smith instituted
harsh rules for the colonists
14. Provide examples of (a) cooperation and (b) conflict between the native Americans and Virginia colonists.
(a) Cooperation: Natives taught the colonists how to farm the N. American soil, which crops crew best,
introduced them to tobacco production; traded with and provided colonists with various supplies
(b) Conflict: Colonists began to expand their territory, taking land from native Americans for agricultural use
(plantations and farms)
15. (a) Why did the plantation system develop in Virginia? (b) What economic role did tobacco play? (c) What
kind of labor was generally used in plantation agriculture and why?
(a) Plantation system developed due to desire to maximize profits for Virginia Company investors; large farms
were the only way to make this kind of agriculture profitable
(b) Tobacco was the first “cash crop” grown in the English colonies to be exported to Europe for profit, thus
fulfilling the English goal of finding wealth in the Americas; convinced many English that further colonization was
worthwhile
(c) Slave labor from Africa was generally used on plantations; cheapest form of labor available and therefore
helped maximize profits
Section 4-2: The Pilgrims’ Experience
Define the following terms by matching the word to its definition:
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Puritans_____
Sect_____
Separatists_____
Pilgrims_____
Immigrants_____
William Bradford_____
The Mayflower_____
Mayflower Compact_____
Squanto_____
Thanksgiving_____
a. Collective name for the first Puritans that
emigrated to Massachusetts in 1620 to escape
religious persecution in England
b. Religious group
c. People who want to separate from a larger group
d. Anyone who comes to a new country from the
land of their birth
e. Native American who acted as an interpreter and
guide for the colonists in Massachusetts
f. Celebration of thanks held by the Pilgrims
g. Ship that carried the Pilgrims to Massachusetts
h. Leader of the Pilgrims
i. Religious group who wanted to purify the Church
of England
j. Document created by the Pilgrims that set up a
system of government once they reached
Massachusetts
Answer the following questions:
26. (a) Why did the Puritans want to break away from the Church of England? (b) What did many do to gain the
religious freedom they desired?
(a) Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England, to carry out the reforms of the Church that Martin Luther
had tried to do within the Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation; believed in a more simple form of
worship, believed in having a closer, more personal relationship with God through prayer and the Bible
(b) Puritan groups such as the Pilgrims wanted to separate completely from the Church of England but were
persecuted for their beliefs; immigrated to the Netherlands where they were religiously tolerant; but wanted to
ultimately live amongst their fellow Pilgrims, so they immigrated to a colony in N. America to gain complete
religious freedom free from persecution
27. Why is the Mayflower Compact significant?
(a) Mayflower Compact was significant because it was the first document to establish self-government in the
English colonies
(b) Showed the colonists’ willingness to agree to work together and follow laws established by the colonists
themselves
28. (a) Compared to the Virginia colony of Jamestown, were relations with the native Americans in the
Plymouth colony more or less peaceful? (b) Why?
(a) Compared to the Jamestown colony, relations between the native Americans and Plymouth colonists were
more peaceful
(b) Goals of Jamestown colonists (wealth and profit) led to the forceful seizure of native Americans’ lands, which
led to further conflict; goals of Plymouth colonists (religious freedom) had little to do with obtaining land, and
therefore Pilgrims had a less antagonistic relationship with the native Americans in Massachusetts
29. Explain the importance of (a) family relations and (b) religion in the Plymouth colony.
(a) Family was extremely important and the center of daily life; fathers (men) would look after the property,
work in the fields, plant and harvest crops, hunt, etc.; mothers (women) were typically in charge of the
household and daily chores; Mothers were often the only source of education for their children; children were
expected to learn to read and write so they could ultimately understand the Bible, but were also expected to
work on the family farm, business, etc.
(b) Religion was the most important concern in the Plymouth colony, since the Pilgrims immigrated to Mass. In
search of a place to find religious freedom; went to church services at least twice every week; education was
geared towards teaching children to read and understand the Bible
Section 4-3: The New England Colonies
Define the following terms by matching the word to its definition:
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Dissenters_____
Great Migration_____
John Winthrop_____
Covenant_____
Charles I_____
General Court_____
Thomas Hooker_____
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut_____
Roger Williams_____
Anne Hutchinson_____
Salem, Massachusetts_____
a. King of England during the Great Migration
b. Large migration of English Puritans in search of
religious freedom in the American colonies
c. Document which established greater democratic
freedoms in the colony of Connecticut
d. Founder of the colony of Connecticut; often
called the “father of American democracy”
e. Town infamous for its 17th century witch trials
f. The general government of Massachusetts Bay
Colony
g. Leader of the Puritans, first governor of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
h. People who disagree with official opinions
i. A sacred agreement
j. Founder of the Rhode Island colony
k. Massachusetts woman who angered leaders with
her “radical” ideas and was later exiled from the
colony
Answer the following questions:
41. Explain how religion and the Church influenced the (a) government and (b) daily life of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony.
(a) Religion and government were essentially the same; God’s laws in the Bible = law in the real world; To
further emphasize the connection between religion and politics, only church members were allowed to vote,
own land, etc.(b) Puritans devoted much of their lives to religious study, worship, etc. It was the primary
purpose of education and the main goal of most Puritans was to have a close relationship with God by praying
and reading the Bible
42. (a) Explain why education was important to the Puritans of Massachusetts. (b) The establishment of what
institutions indicated this?
(a) Education important to the Puritans so that they could read and interpret the Bible in order to have a closer
relationship with God
(b) Some of the first universities/colleges in the English colonies, such as Harvard, were originally intended to
train new ministers and preachers
43. Explain the differences between the economies of the (a) New England and (b) Virginia colonies.
(a) New England economy was primarily centered on trade, natural resources such as lumber and related
products, and the export of goods back to England and Europe through ports such as Boston; New England
agriculture included mostly staple crops such as corn and wheat, as the soil and climate would not allow for
large scale plantation agriculture
(b) The economy of Virginia was centered on plantation and slave based agriculture where the goal was to make
a profit by exporting cash crops such as tobacco back to England and Europe
44. What were some of the criticisms/issues that led to the formation of other colonies in New England such as
(a) Connecticut and (b) Rhode Island?
(a) Connecticut: Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts in 1636 to found the colony of Connecticut because he felt
that the government of Mass. was too restrictive and did not allow enough political participation and he wanted
greater separation of church and state
(b)Rhode Island: Roger Williams was asked to leave Mass. due to his outspoken beliefs that church and state
should be separated, that religious toleration should be practiced, and wanted greater respect for native
Americans and their lands; he eventually received the royal charter to found the colony of Rhode Island at the
town of Providence
45. Explain the Salem Witch Trials.
(a) The Salem Witch Trials were an episode in which women accused each other of being witches, casting spells
on others, etc.; Came about due to deep religious beliefs and superstitions of the Puritans; Possible that the
accusers had grudges or other issues with the accused-Difficult to prove that they were witches, but also difficult
to prove innocence; Put on trial in Salem in what can be described as “show trials”, many of which had already
decided on these women’s guilt before the trials even began; Put 19 women to death; community leaders later
regretted their actions
Section 4-4: The Middle and Southern Colonies
Define the following terms by matching the word to its definition:
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
Cecilius Calvert_____
Proprietors_____
Toleration Act of 1649_____
Peter Stuyvesant_____
Quakers_____
William Penn_____
James Oglethorpe_____
a. The “owners” of certain types of colonies
b. Man given right to found colony of Maryland
c. Founder of the colony of Pennsylvania
d. Founder of the colony of Georgia
e. Law supporting religious toleration in Maryland
f. Dutchman who took control of New
Netherlands/New York
g. Religious group that settled in Pennsylvania
53. Explain the meaning of a proprietary colony.
(a) A proprietary colony is one in which the King of England appoints a wealthy individual such as a member of
the nobility as a proprietor, or landlord/owner, of a colony. This proprietor may manage the colony as he sees
fit, renting and selling land, appointing governors, establishing laws, etc.
54. Which (a) middle and (b) southern colonies were founded based on religious toleration, and which groups
settled in these colonies?
(a)Middle: Pennsylvania, originally founded by William Penn, a leader of the Quakers. Wanted to leave England
and escape persecution for their beliefs, which included “quaking” during religious worship and their
commitment to pacifism, or non-violence. Also promoted religious toleration for all groups who wished to settle
in Pennsylvania.(b)Southern: Maryland, originally founded as a refuge for Catholics, but passed laws promoting
religious toleration for all Christians who settled there
55. Which (a) middle and (b) southern colonies were founded for economic reasons? Explain what kinds of
economic activities took place in these colonies.
(a)Middle: New York, originally founded by the Dutch, taken over by England; founded for various reasons
including land ownership for farming, trade, small manufacturing, etc.
-New Jersey: formed as a proprietary colony for land ownership and farming
(b)Southern: Virginia, first colony settled by English, primarily for the search for wealth and resources; tobacco
farming eventually became a major economic activity; Carolina: founded as proprietary colony, eventually split
in two to make it easier to govern/manage; in South Carolina, plantation agriculture based on rice production
56. Explain why Georgia was founded.
(a) Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe as a colony for the poor and indebted; immigrants had the
opportunity to own land and debtors could gradually pay off their obligations; Oglethorpe initially wanted to
keep plantation agriculture out of Georgia and ban the importation of slaves; eventually, however, colonists
demanded that slavery be allowed so that they could build rice plantations