Tim Alan Garrison
Professor of History
Chair of History Department
University Prelaw Advisor
Portland State University
Department of History
P. O. Box 751
Portland, Oregon 97207
Telephone: (503) 725-3978
E-Mail: [email protected]
Education
Ph. D., History, University of Kentucky
Dissertation: “The Legal Ideology of Indian Removal: The Southern State Judiciary
and the Sovereignty of Native American Nations, 1776-1838”
(Directors: Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green)
M. A., History, Clemson University
J. D., University of Georgia School of Law
B. B. A., J. M. Tull School of Accounting, University of Georgia
Employment
University
Portland State University:
Department Chair, Professor of History, and Prelaw Advisor (2014-)
Interim Director of Indigenous Nations Studies (2015-2016)
Professor of History and Prelaw Advisor (2009-)
Director of Indigenous Nations Studies and Associate Professor of History (20052009)
Associate Professor of History (2003-2005)
Assistant Professor of History (1997-2003)
North Georgia State University, Instructor (1996-1997)
University of Kentucky: Teaching Assistant (1993-1995)
Clemson University: Teaching Assistant (1992-1993)
Other Employment
Stewart, Melvin & Frost, Attorneys at Law; Gainesville, Georgia:
Associate Attorney (1986-1990); Partner (1990-1992)
Publications and Presentations
Books:
Legacies: Essays on the Native South. Editor, with Greg O'Brien. Lincoln: University of
Nebraska Press, in press, forthcoming, 2015.
“Our Cause Will Ultimately Triumph”: Profiles in American Indian Sovereignty. Editor.
Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2014.
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Before the Paper Chase: The Scholarship of Law School Preparation and Admissions.
Editor, with Frank Guliuzza. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2012.
Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy. Editor, with Paul Finkelman. 2 vols.
Washington, D. C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2008.
The Legal Ideology of Removal: The Southern Judiciary and the Sovereignty of Native
American Nations. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002. Paperback edition,
2009.
Articles, Book Chapters, and Anthology Contributions:
"The Inevitability of Indian Removal." In Legacies: Essays on the Native South. Editor, with
Greg O'Brien. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, forthcoming, in press.
"The Cherokees: From Resistance to Republic." National Geographic History 1 (3)
(August/September, 2015): 80-93.
“John Ross: Father of His Country.” In “Our Cause Will Ultimately Triumph”: Profiles in
American Indian Sovereignty. Edited by Tim Alan Garrison. Durham, N.C.: Carolina
Academic Press, 2014.
“Cherokees on the Columbia: Elisha Chester’s Quixotic Indian Removal Proposal.” In
Columbia, (Spring, 2013): 8-14.
“The Shades of Loyalty: Elisha W. Chester and the Cherokee Removal.” In Signposts: New
Directions in Southern Legal History. Edited by Sally Hadden and Patricia Minter.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013.
“Pan-Nationalism as a Crisis Management Strategy: John Ross and the Tahlequah
Conference of 1843.” In Between Settler and Indigenous Governance. Edited by
Timothy Rouse and Lisa Ford. Taylor and Francis Press, 2012.
“The Foundations of Jackson’s Removal Policy: U.S.-Indian Relations, 1775-1815.” In A
Companion to Jacksonian America. Edited by Sean Patrick Adams. Malden, Mass.:
Blackwell Publishers, 2012. 37-55.
“John Ross and Indian Removal.” In Milestone Documents of American Leaders. New
York: Schlager Group, 2009.
“On the Trail of Tears: Daniel Butrick’s Record of the Roundup, Internment, and Removal of
the Cherokees.” In Removing Peoples: Forced Removal in the Modern World.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 35-78.
“Andrew Jackson’s Message to Congress on Indian Removal.” In Milestone Documents
in American History. New York: Schlager Group, 2008. 540-553.
Introduction to “‘You Can Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee,’” by Warren K. Urbom. In
The History of Nebraska Law. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2008. 233-246.
“The Devil and Andrew Jackson: Historians and Jackson’s Role in the Indian Removal
Crisis.” In Congress and the Emergence of Sectionalism: From the Missouri
Compromise to the Age of Jackson. Edited by Paul Finkelman and Donald R.
Kennon. Washington, D. C.: Ohio University Press for the U. S. Capitol Historical
Society, 2008. 221-257.
“United States Indian Policy in Sectional Crisis: Georgia’s Exploitation of the Compact of
1802.” In Congress and the Emergence of Sectionalism: From the Missouri
Compromise to the Age of Jackson. Edited by Paul Finkelman and Donald R.
Kennon. Washington, D.C.: Ohio University Press for the U. S. Capitol Historical
Society, 2008. 97-132.
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“The Cherokee Cases.” The Public Response to Controversial Supreme Court Cases. Edited
by Melvin Urofsky. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2005, 14-23.
“Recent Works on the History of U.S. Indian Policy.” Tulsa Law Journal: Symposium on
Native American Law 36 (Winter, 2001): 415-433.
“Beyond Worcester: The Alabama State Judiciary’s Repudiation of Native American
National Sovereignty.” Journal of the Early Republic 19 (3) (1999): 425-450.
“Politics and Government.” In American Eras: Prehistory to 1600. Edited by Gretchen StarrLeBeau. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. 115-154.
“The Nadir of Native American Sovereignty: Blue Clark's Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock:
Treaty Rights and Indian Law at the End of the Nineteenth Century.” Reviews in
American History 24 (June 1996): 265-270.
Major Reference Essays
“The Southeast and Florida.” Treaties with American Indians: An Encyclopedia of
Rights, Conflicts, and Sovereignty. 3 vols. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio Press, 2008.
“Indian Relations, 1815-1829.” Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Washington:
Congressional Quarterly Press, 2005.
“Indian Removal and Response.” Americans at War: Society, Culture, and the Homefront.
New York: Macmillan Library Reference, 2004.
“Race and Racial Thinking.” Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century.
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2001.
“Indian Treaties and Treaty Making.” Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth
Century. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2001.
“United States Indian Policy.” The Encyclopedia of American Political History. Washington,
D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 2000.
Encyclopedia Articles
“Levy, Leonard.” The Oregon Encyclopedia Project. Online, 2009.
“Mississippi Choctaw Tribe v. Holyfield.” Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United
States. New York: Macmillan Reference, 2008.
“Native Americans and African Americans.” The World of Frederick Douglas, Vol. 6,
African American Reference Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
“Native Americans: Southeast.” Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Washington:
Congressional Quarterly Press, 2005.
“Indian Slaveholding.” Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Washington:
Congressional Quarterly Press, 2005.
“Cherokee Removal.” Encyclopedia of Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004.
“Worcester v. Georgia.” Encyclopedia of Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press,
2004.
“The Cherokee Cases.” The Oxford Companion to United States History. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2001.
“Sequoyah.” The Oxford Companion to United States History. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2001.
“American Indian Societies- Great Lakes.” Encyclopedia of the United States in the
Nineteenth Century. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2000.
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“American Indian Societies- Middle Atlantic.” Encyclopedia of the United States in the
Nineteenth Century. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2000.
“American Indian Societies- Southeast.” Encyclopedia of the United States in the
Nineteenth Century. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2000.
“Civil War in the Indian Territory.” Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth
Century. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2000.
“The Catawba Indians.” The New Reader's Encyclopedia of the American West. New
York: HarperCollins, 1998.
“Big Warrior.” Encyclopedia of The War of 1812. Santa Barbara and Oxford: ABCCLIO, 1997.
“Little Prince.” Encyclopedia of The War of 1812. Santa Barbara and Oxford: ABCCLIO, 1997.
Book Reviews
Oberg, Michael Leroy. Professional Indian: The American Odyssey of Eleazer Williams. In
The Historian (in press).
Mason, Courtney W. Spirits of the Rockies: Reasserting an Indigenous Presence in Banff
National Park. In Pacific Northwest Quarterly (in press).
Ouden, Amy E. Den and Jean M. O’Brien. Recognition, Sovereignty, Struggles, and
Indigenous Rights in the United States. In The Historian 77 (4) (Winter 2015): 784785.
Genetin-Pilawa, Joseph. Crooked Paths to Allotment: The Fight over Federal Indian Policy
after the Civil War. In Oregon Historical Review 115 (4) (Winter 2014): 576-577.
Fletcher, Matthew L. M. The Eagle Returns: The Legal History of the Grand Traverse Band
of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. In Michigan Historical Review 39 (1) (Spring,
2013): 140-142.
Porter, Joy. Native American Freemasonry: Associationalism and Performance in America.
In Pacific Historical Review 82 (1) (February, 2013): 143-144.
Joanne Barker, Native Acts: Law, Recognition, and Cultural Authenticity. In The Canadian
Journal of Native Studies (La Revue Canadienne des Etudes Autochtones 32 (2)
(2012): 228-229.
Feller, Daniel, ed. The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volumes Seven and Eight. In Journal of
the Early Republic 32 (2) (Summer, 2012): 290-294.
Hsueh, Vicki. Hybrid Constitutions: Challenging Legacies of Law, Privilege, and Culture in
Colonial America. In Ethnohistory 59 (1) (Winter 2012): 176-178.
Pommersheim, Frank M. Broken Landscape: Indians, Indian Tribes, and the Constitution.
In the Pacific Historical Review 80 (2)(May 2011): 300-301.
Naylor, Celia E. African Cherokees in Indian Territory: From Chattel to Citizens. In Labor
7 (2) (2010): 115-118.
Ingersoll, Thomas N. To Intermix with Our White Brothers: Indian Mixed Bloods in the
United States from Earliest Times to the Indian Removals. In American
Nineteenth Century History 11 (3) (2010): 368-370.
McMillan, Christian W. Making Indian Law: The Hualapai Land Case and the Birth of
Ethnohistory. In Ethnohistory 56 (1) (Winter 2009): 212-213.
Maddox, Lucy. Citizen Indians: Native American Intellectuals, Race & Reform. In North
Carolina Historical Review 85 (1) (January 2008): 124-125.
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Cohen, Felix S. On the Drafting of Tribal Constitutions. In Pacific Historical Review 77 (3)
(August 2008): 513-514.
Miller, Robert J. Native America, Discovered and Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis &
Clark, and Manifest Destiny. In Oregon Historical Quarterly 108 (1) (Fall 2007):
500-503.
Robertson, Lindsay G. Conquest by Law: How the Discovery of American Dispossessed
Indigenous Peoples of Their Lands. In Ethnohistory 54 (3) (Summer 2007):557558.
Cramer, Renee Ann. Cash, Color, and Colonialism: The Politics of Tribal Acknowledgment.
In Alabama Review 60 (1) (January 2007): 59-61.
Weeks, Philip. Farewell, My Nation: The American Indian and the United States in the
Nineteenth Century. In Nevada Historical Society Quarterly 49 (2) (Summer 2006):
159-160.
Bakken, Gordon Morris. Law in the Western United States. In Oregon Historical
Quarterly 102 (4) (Winter 2001): 526-527.
Ross, Luana. Inventing the Savage: The Social Construction of Native American
Criminality. In Western Historical Quarterly 30 (Autumn 1999): 397-398.
Axtell, James. The Indians’ New South: Cultural Change in the Colonial Southeast. In
Southern Cultures 5 (1999): 89-90.
Saunders, Jr. Robert. John Archibald Campbell: Southern Moderate, 1811-1889. In
Journal of Southern History 64 (November 1998): 740-741.
Galloway, Patricia. Choctaw Genesis, 1500-1700. In Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal
of Southern Culture. 51 (Fall 1998): 741-744.
Skogen, Larry C. Indian Depredation Claims, 1796-1920. In Alabama Review (April
1998): 144-146.
Littlefield, Daniel F. Seminole Burning: A Story of Racial Violence. In Georgia
Historical Quarterly 81 (Summer 1997): 529-530.
McLoughlin, William G. After the Trail of Tears: The Cherokees' Struggle for
Sovereignty, 1839-1880. In Journal of Southwest Georgia History 10 (Spring,
1996): 123-124.
Manuscript Reviewer for:
American Indian Culture and Research Journal
Harvard Law Review
Journal of Southern History
Journal of the Early Republic
Oregon Historical Quarterly
Law and History Review
Blackwell Publishing
Congressional Quarterly Press
Flinders University (Australia)
Garland Publishing
Ohio University Press
Ooligan Press
Oxford University Press
University of Arizona Press
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University of Nebraska Press
University of New Mexico Press
University of Washington Press
University Press of Colorado
Yale University Press
Conference Papers
“Cherokees on the Columbia: Elisha Chester’s Quixotic Removal Proposal,” American
Society for Ethnohistory, Pasadena, 2012.
“Pan-Nationalism as a Crisis Management Strategy: John Ross and the Tahlequah
Conference of 1843.” Between Indigenous and Settler Governance, Centre for
Citizenship and Public Policy, University of Western Sydney, 2011.
“Why Cherokees Don’t Carry Twenty-Dollar Bills: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears,”
Trail of Tears Association, Springfield, Mo., October 2006.
“Rationalizing Removal: The Southern Strategy for Dispossessing American Indians,”
Symposium hosted by the German Historical Institute and University of York,
“Removing Peoples: Forced Migration in the Modern World,” York, England; April,
2006.
“Sovereignty and the Centrality of Land,” Symposium: “From the Warrior Perspective, The
Next Generation of Indian Law and Policy: A Celebration of the Work of Rennard
Strickland,” University of Oregon Law School, April 2006.
Lecture: “Redeeming the Jacksons: Article Seven of the Treaty of New Echota,” United
States Capitol Historical Society, Symposium on “Andrew Jackson’s Washington:
Congress in the 1830s” (2005).
“What if They had Listened to Judge Peck?: The Not So Inevitable Trail of
Tears,” Trail of Tears Association Annual Meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma (2004).
“Building the Trail of Tears: Congressional Indian Policy in the 1820s,” United States
Capitol Historical Society, Symposium on “Debates on Sectionalism: Congress in the
1820s” (2004).
“One L and The Paper Chase: Still Relevant after All These Years?,” Western Association of
Pre-Law Advisors, Denver (2003).
Paper: “Blood and Debt: The Introduction of Credit into Cherokee Law and Politics, 16931755.” American Society for Ethnohistory, Mexico City, Mexico (1997).
Paper: “Caldwell v. Alabama: The Alabama Supreme Court’s Denial of Creek National
Sovereignty.” Southern Historical Association; New Orleans, Louisiana (1995).
Public Lectures
“Culpability for the Trail of Tears: The Trial of Andrew Jackson.” Special Address. 175th
Anniversary Commemoration of the Trail of Tears Arts and Lecture Series, Berry
College, February, 2014.
“Elisha W. Chester and the Cherokees.” Lecture, American Indian Student Association,
Lewis and Clark Law School, April, 2012.
Keynote Address: “Cherokees in the Pac-12?” Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, Oklahoma,
November, 2012.
“From Marshall to Marshall: American Indians and the U.S Supreme Court.”
Teaching American History Symposium, Rockford, Illinois, 2011.
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“Indian Removal Crisis.” Portland School District, Teaching American History
Grant, 2011.
“Indian Removal Policy.” Vancouver-WSU, Teaching American History Grant,
2009
“Georgia and the Trail of Tears.” Northeast Georgia History Center (2008).
“Lincoln’s Supreme Court.” Portland Civil War Roundtable (2004).
“Inspired but not Intimidated: H.W. Brands and My Generation.” Oregon Historical Society
(2003).
“The History of the Preamble.” Portland Art Museum (2003).
“The War Powers of the President.” Classroom Law Project, Law Day Lecture (2003).
“Reconstruction and the Constitution.” Portland Civil War Roundtable (2003).
“Problems in Using Archival Materials: Legal History.” Oregon Historical Society (2002).
“Constitutional Origins and Influences.” Summer Institute on the Constitution, Lewis and
Clark College (2001).
“Impeachment and the Constitution.” Classroom Law Project, Law Day Lecture
(1998).
Moderator/Commentator
Moderator: “Recent Developments in Financial Aid.” Western Association of Pre-Law
Advisors, Las Vegas, (2011).
Moderator: “Symposium: Creek Government and Society in Crisis: A Panel Honoring
Michael D. Green,” American Society for Ethnohistory, New Orleans (2009).
Comments: “Racial Construction among the Seminoles,” American Society for Ethnohistory,
Eugene, Oregon (2008).
Moderator: “Curriculum-Related Issues and Pre-Law Students,” Western Association of PreLaw Advisors, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2008).
Comments: “The Law of Nations,” Society for Historians of the Early American Republic,
Worcester, Massachusetts (2007).
Moderator: “Approaches to Pre-Law Advising,” Western Association of Pre-Law Advisors,
Albuquerque, New Mexico (2006).
Comments: “Advising Students with Character and Fitness Problems,” Western Association
of Pre-Law Advisors, Las Vegas (2005).
Moderator: “The Scholarship of Pre-Law Advising II,” Western Association of Pre-Law
Advisors, Salt Lake City, Utah (2002).
Comments: “Contesting Universal Rights, Equality, and Racial Distinctions in the Upper
South,” Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, Berkeley, California
(2002).
Comments: “The 2002 Elections,” Classroom Law Project Youth Summit (2002).
Comments: “The Scholarship of Pre-law Advising,” Western Association of Pre-Law
Advisors, Albuquerque, New Mexico (2001).
Teaching Honors
John Elliot Allen Outstanding Teaching Award, History, Portland State University (2008,
2011).
Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society (inducted, 2008); local chapter treasurer (2013-).
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Grants and Fellowships
PSU Faculty Enhancement Grants (2007, 2011, 2013).
Key Bank Grant for Native American Elders Program (2007).
Post-Tenure Review Grant (2007).
Lecturer, Lane County (Oregon) Education Service District-PSU Consortium, Teaching
American History Grant (2002-2007).
PSU Summer Research Fellowship (1998, 1999).
University Dissertation Fellowship, University of Kentucky (1996-1997).
Graduate Fellowship, University of Kentucky (1993-1995).
Graduate Fellowship, Clemson University, (1992-1993).
Professional Offices and Memberships
Pre-Law Advisors National Council (2007-2010): Executive Board.
Western Association of Pre-Law Advisors: Treasurer, (2010- ); President (2007-2010);
President-Elect (2006-2007); Chair, Committee on Incorporation (2002); Executive
Board, (2000-); Site Supervisor, (1999-).
Tenth Federal District Court Historical Society: Executive Board (2001-2002).
Oregon State Bar: Legal Heritage Task Force (2000-2004).
Current Professional Memberships: State Bar of Georgia.
Governance and University Service
For the University
Advisory Board, Student Legal Services (2014-)
Advisory Board, Exploring the Law Program (2015-)
Organization Excellence and Financial Stability Committee (2015-)
Strategic Mission and Planning Committee (2014-)
“Native American Studies at Portland State University,” Ikanum Sum Program, Native
American Youth Association, Early College Academy (2008).
Faculty Witness for Social Sciences: Senate Bill 342 (2007).
Diversity Action Council (2006-2008).
Faculty Senate (2006-2009).
Search Committee for Native American Student Services Counselor (2006-2007).
McNair Scholar Mentor (2006).
Search Committee for University Counsel (2005-2006).
Native American Student and Community Center Advisory Board (2005-); By-Laws
Committee (2007).
Faculty Representative, Native American Community Advisory Board (2005-2008).
Student Advising Implementation Team (2004-2005).
Selection Committee, Diversity Recognition Scholarships (2003, 2005-2007, 2010).
Selection Committee, Portland State Student Ambassadors (2002).
Selection Committee, President’s Scholarship (2000).
Site Supervisor, Portland State University Law School Fair (1999-).
Portland State University Pre-Law Advisor (1998-).
Faculty Advisor, Portland State Pre-law Society (1998-2003).
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For the College of Arts and Sciences
Search Committee, Major Gift Officer (2016)
Executive Committee, School of Race, Nation, and Gender (2015-2016).
Graduate Committee, School of Race, Nation, and Gender (2015).
Search Committee for Director of Race, Nation, and Gender (2015).
CLAS Curriculum Committee (2013-2016).
Search Committee, Black Studies (2009-2010).
Chair, Search Committee, Native American Studies (2007-2008).
Ethnic Studies Committee (2005, 2008-2009).
Director, Indigenous Nations Studies (2005-2009, 2015-2016).
Gates-Rhodes-Cambridge Scholarship Committee (2002, 2003).
Native American Studies Affiliated Faculty (2000-).
For the History Department
Department Chair (2014-)
Led Reconstruction of the Friends of History Community Support Group (2012-)
Search Committee, Editor of Pacific Historical Review (2012-2013).
Search Committee, Chair, Environmental History (2012-2013).
Search Committee, Environmental-Public History (2011-2012).
Search Committee, Ancient Mediterranean History (2010-2011).
Curriculum Committee (2009-2012).
Search Committee, Chair, History of Africa (2008-2009).
Post-Tenure Review Committee (2007, 2008, 2016).
Promotion Committee (2006-2007, 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012; chair, 2010-2011).
Committee on Ph. D. in Pacific Northwest History (2006-2009).
University Studies Committee (2004-2005).
Assessment Committee (History, 2002-2004; Native American Studies, 2005-2009).
Search Committee, Pacific Northwest History (2000-2001).
Faculty Representative, Friends of History (1999-2000).
Advisory Committee (1998-2000).
Search Committee: History of Japan (1997-1998).
Presentations and Panels, for University Community
Bridges Minority Student Conference: "Careers in Politics and the Law" (2014, 2015)
Panel: “Prospering in the Academic Community,” Diversity and Multicultural Student
Services (2011).
Panel: “Preparing for Law School,” PSU Preview Week (2010-2015).
Organizer: “Historians and the Declaration of Independence,” Portland State Friends of
History and Declaration Road Trip (2003).
Portland State Liaison: Multnomah Bar Association Minority Recruitment Task Force (20022003).
Panel: “Reflections of the Tenure Process,” Center for Academic Excellence (2004).
Lecture, “You Can Go to Law School,” PSU BRIDGES Minority Student Conference (2003,
2004).
Lecture: “Getting Into Law School: What to do When You are a Freshman,” PSU Orientation
and Preview Weeks (2001-2015).
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Panel: "September 11: What it Means for Civil Liberties" (2001).
Other Community Service:
Selection Committee: Sterling Fellowship, Oregon Historical Society (2004).
Panel: Oregon Society for Student Historians Conference (2003).
Judge: Classroom Law Project, Constitutional History Competition (2001, 2003, 2004,
2011, 2013, 2015, 2016).
Judge: Portland Theodore Roosevelt Society Essay Contest (2000).
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