Introduction
Treat rate
Key functions
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PERFORMANCE TEST DATA
FOR LUBE PRO RB-11EC
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
TREAT RATE
3.
KEY FUNCTIONS
4.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
5.
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
5.1
5.2
Lubricity
No-harm testing
6.
HANDLING, STORAGE AND USE
7.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
8.
PRODUCT SUPPORT AND TRAINING
Performance Data for Lube Pro RB-11EC – Bell Performance
Page 1 of 15
Introduction
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Key functions
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Lube Pro RB-11EC
1.
INTRODUCTION
Lube Pro RB-11EC is a non-metallic, non-acidic, phosphorus-free diesel lubricity additive available
through Bell Performance to enable refiners to maintain diesel lubricity quality when low sulphur
fuels are introduced.
The additive has been developed to meet the Industry’s most stringent performance requirements
and includes the following components:
proprietary fully synthetic lubricity additive
aromatic hydrocarbon solvent
2.
TREAT RATE
The recommended treat rate for Lube Pro RB-11EC ranges between 50 mg/l and 200 mg/l,
depending upon the lubricity performance level required and the severity/responsiveness of the base
fuel.
3.
KEY FUNCTIONS
At the recommended treat rate, Lube Pro RB-11EC lubricity additive demonstrates the following:
performance in the stringent Bosch pump rig lubricity test
excellent response in the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) bench test
good response in the Scuffing Load Ball on Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator
(SLBOCLE) bench test
protection against corrosion
complete absence of interaction with engine lubricants
complete absence of interaction with fuels and fuel additives
complete compatibility with the constituent materials of the engine and fuel system.
Performance Data for Lube Pro RB-11EC – Bell Performance
Page 2 of 15
Supporting information
____________________________
4.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Typical physical and chemical properties of Lube Pro RB-11EC are given below:
Property
Lube Pro
RB-11EC
0.977
EL-131
678
164
ASTM D445
Flash point, °C
70
ASTM D932
Pour point, °C
-24
IP 15
Acid number, mg NaOH / g
<2
EP 17-5-73
Density @ 15°C, kg/l
Kinematic viscosity
1
2
3
5.
Method
EL-13
ASTM D93
EP 17-5-7
@
@
20°C, cSt
40°C, cSt
Digital density meter
Pensky-Martens closed cup
Colorimetric titration
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
The performance of Lube Pro RB-11EC has been proven in pump rig tests and supported by
laboratory performance and no-harm studies.
Testing has been performed using European fuels of < 0.05 % wt. sulphur unless otherwise stated.
The following sections summarise the supporting data available.
5.1
Lubricity
Industry accepted and Industry standard test procedures were used to demonstrate the lubricity
performance of Lube Pro RB-11EC.
The work has been carried out both in-house and independently in Europe and the USA.
Pump rig testing
Pump rig testing is increasingly becoming accepted as the principal alternative to field testing for
the evaluation of lubricity additives. Independent data generated by APL, Germany, using a Bosch
VE rotary injection fuel pump, operated for 1000 hours according to the Bosch recommended cycle
(see Figure below) and rated by Robert Bosch GmbH, has demonstrated the lubricity improving
performance of Lube Pro RB-11EC.
Introduction
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120
Percentage
100
80
60
Rated pump speed
40
Load
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100 120
Duration, s
140
160
180
200
A severe German low sulphur fuel which had been shown to cause significant wear to pumps of this
kind (Bosch rating 6-7) was chosen to assess the performance of Lube Pro RB-11EC by this test.
The HFRR performance of the same fuel with and without Lube Pro RB-11EC is given below for
reference.
Basefuel
HFRR results
Wear scar diameter, mm
Basefuel +100 mg/l
Basefuel +133 mg/l
Lube Pro RB-11EC
Lube Pro RB-11EC
0.360
0.342
0.561
The pump performance of the same fuel treated with the above two levels of Lube Pro RB-11EC is
shown below:
100 mg/l
Lube Pro RB-11EC
133 mg/l
Lube Pro RB-11EC
Pump wear measurement
Cam plate centre
3.0 µm
2.5 µm
Governor flyweights/butting ring
< 1 µm
< 1µm
Visual inspection
Cam plate and rollers
Good condition
Slightly increased polishing
Roller bolts and contact points
Little fretting
Normal polishing
Cam plate claws
Normal appearance
Normal appearance
Bosch rating
3
2-3
Bosch rating scale:
0 - 1 new pump
3.5 limit for acceptable wear
10
catastrophic failure
The above results show that Lube Pro RB-11EC is extremely effective in preventing pump wear. A
full report can be provided if required.
Introduction
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Vehicle testing
To further assess the performance of Lube Pro RB-11EC series additives, vehicle testing using a
severe driving cycle was performed.
Speed, km/h
A pair of VW Golf 1.9 litre indirect injection vehicles equipped with Bosch VE rotary injection
pumps were operated for 100 000 km according to the drive cycle detailed below. The pumps were
rated by Robert Bosch GmbH after both 50 000 km and 100 000 km. The fuel used was a Swiss
EN 590 fuel containing 299 mg/kg sulphur.
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
500
1000
1500 2000
Time, s
2500
3000
3500
Inspection of the pumps at 50 000 km and 100 000 km demonstrated that the fuel containing an
Iadditive package which delivers 92 mg/l LUBE PRO RB-11EC provided excellent protection
against pump wear.
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
HFRR WSD,
mm
Bosch rating @
50 000 km
Bosch rating @
100 000 km
None
0.613
5
6.5
92
0.251
2-3
2.5
HFRR 60 ° C testing
In-house and independent data obtained using the CEC-F-06-A-96 procedure demonstrate the
effectiveness of Lube Pro RB-11EC at reducing wear scar diameters.
UK low S
UK low S
UK low S
Finnish summer
Swedish Class 1
Italian low S
Japanese low S
Japanese low S
0.8
0.7
Mean WSD, mm
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
50
100
150
200
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The data demonstrate that low sulphur diesel fuels from Europe and Japan treated with low levels of
Lube Pro RB-11EC, can easily achieve the initially proposed 0.45 mm ISO limit and the more
severe 0.40 mm limit being advocated by Bosch.
Further HFRR testing has been performed to demonstrate that ageing Lube Pro RB-11EC prior to
blending into fuel and that ageing pre-additised fuel will not affect the lubricity improving
performance.
A sample of Lube Pro RB-11EC was stored in a breathing container for 5 weeks at 50°C. The aged
additive was blended into fuel at 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l. Results are detailed below.
Mean Wear Scar Diameter,
mm
Sample
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Before
ageing
After ageing
European Low Sulphur
Diesel A
50
100
0.437
0.381
0.411
0.289
European Low Sulphur
Diesel B
50
100
0.395
0.349
0.418
0.270
European Low Sulphur
Diesel C
50
100
0.393
0.367
0.435
0.369
Fuels treated with 50 mg/l Lube Pro RB-11EC were stored at ambient temperature for 3 months and
then retested for HFRR performance. Results are detailed below.
Mean Wear Scar
Diameter, mm
Sample
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Before
ageing
After ageing
European Low Sulphur Diesel A
50
0.437
0.379
European Low Sulphur Diesel B
50
0.395
0.365
European Low Sulphur Diesel C
50
0.393
0.381
It is apparent from these results that Lube Pro RB-11EC does not lose performance when stored
either neat or when additised in fuel.
Further HFRR testing was also performed to demonstrate that “wet” fuels responded equally well to
Lube Pro RB-11EC addition as dry fuels. This is shown below.
Sample
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Water,
mg/kg
Mean Wear Scar Diameter,
mm
European Low Sulphur Diesel
D
100
100
0
250
0.331
0.369
Swedish Class 1
100
100
0
250
0.554
0.587
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SLBOCLE testing
Lube Pro RB-11EC has also proved to be effective at improving fuel lubricity as measured by this
scuffing modification of the traditional BOCLE test.
Fuel sample
Lube Pro RB-11EC, mg/l
Scuffing
load, g
Arctic diesel
0
1550
67
1800
133
2750
200
3350
It can be seen that that proposed limits of 3000 g - 3300 g are achieved at relatively low additive
concentration.
5.2
No-harm testing
A large amount of no-harm testing has been performed to demonstrate that Lube Pro RB-11EC does
not adversely affect other fuel properties and that it can be packaged with and incorporated into
fuels alongside detergent additive packages with no loss in performance to either additive.
Additional testing has also been performed which demonstrates that Lube Pro RB-11EC does not
interact with engine lubricants or other lubricity additives and that low level contamination with
Lube Pro RB-11EC will not impact upon jet fuel quality.
Effects of Lube Pro RB-11EC in Diesel Performance Packages
Compatibility in Cetane Number Improver (CNI) and non-CNI containing packages
Detergent packages are formulated and rated for separation after 5 days storage at various
temperatures.
A pass is achieved if < 0.05 % sediment or separation is observed.
Result after 5 days
Temperature
Non-CNI package +
Lube Pro RB-11EC
CNI package +
Lube Pro RB-11EC
Ambient
Pass
Pass
-10°C
Pass
Pass
40°C
Pass
Pass
It can be seen that Lube Pro RB-11EC is fully compatible with detergent packages.
Introduction
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Effect of packaging on the lubricity performance of Lube Pro RB-11EC
HFRR 60 °C studies were performed to establish the effect on lubricity improving performance of
combining Lube Pro RB-11EC @ 100 mg/l with detergent additives.
Sample
WSD, mm
Low Sulphur Diesel D + Lube Pro RB-11EC
0.381
Low Sulphur Diesel D + detergent + Lube Pro RB-11EC
0.383
Finnish Summer Diesel + Lube Pro RB-11EC
0.345
Finnish Summer Diesel + detergent + Lube Pro RB-11EC
0.353
The results demonstrate that no loss in lubricity improving performance is observed when
Lube Pro RB-11EC is combined with detergent additives.
Effect on corrosion performance
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on the corrosion performance of diesel fuel has been evaluated
using the ASTM D665A procedure.
ASTM D665 A
Sample
% Corrosion
Rating
European Low Sulphur Diesel D
65
D
+ 134 mg/l Lube Pro RB-11EC
30
C
European Low Sulphur Diesel E
60
D
+ 100 mg/l Lube Pro RB-11EC
15
B
It can be seen that at concentrations used for lubricity improvement, Lube Pro RB-11EC can reduce
rust formation, using this test procedure.
In addition, Lube Pro RB-11EC has been tested for its effect upon the copper corrosion tendency of
diesel fuel using the ASTM D130 procedure.
ASTM D130
Sample
Rating @ 50 °C
Rating @ 100 °C
European Low Sulphur Diesel E
1a
1a
+ 100 mg/l Lube Pro RB-11EC
1a
1a
It can be seen that at concentrations used for lubricity improvement, Lube Pro RB-11EC has no
effect upon copper corrosion.
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Effect on oxidation stability
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on the oxidation stability of diesel fuel was evaluated using the
ASTM D2274 procedure.
Sample
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Adherent
insolubles,
mg/100 ml
Filterable
insolubles,
mg/100 ml
Total
insolubles,
mg/100 ml
0
100
0.114
0.072
0.429
0.486
0.543
0.558
European Low
Sulphur
Diesel E
No effect on the oxidation stability is observed with use of Lube Pro RB-11EC.
Effect on antifoam performance
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on the foaming potential of diesel fuels with and without antifoam
additives has been studied using a standard bottle shaking test and the French BNPé procedure.
The bottle shaking test entails vigorously shaking the fuel and measuring the foam collapse time.
The BNPé test uses compressed air to force fuel through a nozzle into a measuring cylinder. Initial
foam volume and collapse time are measured. The Lube Pro RB-11EC concentration tested was
100 mg/l.
Bottle Test
Sample
Clearance time, s
% improvement
European Low Sulphur Diesel D
10
-
+ Lube Pro RB-11EC
10
0
+ antifoam package
1
90
+ antifoam package + Lube Pro RB-11EC
1
90
BNPé Test
Sample
Foam,
ml
%
Improveme
nt
Clearance
time, s
%
Improvement
European Low Sulphur Diesel D
125
-
23
-
+ Lube Pro RB-11EC
127
-3
30
-30
+ antifoam package
81
35
9
63
+ antifoam package + Lube Pro RB-11EC
72
43
6
75
It is apparent that Lube Pro RB-11EC does not affect the action of antifoam additives.
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Effect on water reaction
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC at 100 mg/l on the water reaction of fuels with and without
detergent additive packages has been studied using the ASTM D1094 procedure.
ASTM D1094 test
Water @
5 mins,
ml
20 ml water,
mins
Interface
rating
Fuel
rating
European Low Sulphur Diesel D
20
<1
1b
2
+ Lube Pro RB-11EC
20
1.5
1b
2
+ detergent package
20
3
2
2
+ detergent package + Lube Pro RB-11EC
20
3
1b
2
Sample
This test demonstrates that Lube Pro RB-11EC does not promote the formation of fuel/water
emulsions in basefuels or in the presence of detergent additive packages.
Effect on cold temperature properties
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of diesel
fuels was studied to determine if additive use had any adverse effects. Results are detailed below.
Sample
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Cloud Point,
°C
CFPP, °C
European Low Sulphur Diesel A
0
100
-9.4
-9.3
-28
-28
European Low Sulphur Diesel B
0
100
-15.0
-14.9
-21
-21
European Low Sulphur Diesel C
0
100
-5.6
-5.8
-11
-10
It is apparent that Lube Pro RB-11EC has no effect on the cold temperature properties of diesel
fuels.
Effect on cetane number
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on the cetane number of diesel fuel was evaluated using the
ASTM D613 procedure.
Sample
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Cetane Number
0
100
50.8
51.2
European Low Sulphur Diesel E
Lube Pro RB-11EC has no effect on fuel cetane number.
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Effect on detergency
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on the detergency performance of diesel fuels has been studied
using the European CEC PF 023, Peugeot XUD9 1.9 l nozzle fouling procedure.
Lube
Pro RB-11EC use concentration was 100 mg/l.
Fuel
European Low Sulphur
Diesel D
Additive
Fouling @ 0.1 mm lift,
%
None
Lube Pro RB-11EC
detergent package
detergent package + Lube Pro RB-11EC
88.5
89.9
79.7
74.6
Accounting for test precision, Lube Pro RB-11EC does not influence base fuel fouling and has no
effect upon the performance of detergent additives.
Effect on emissions
Independent testing was performed in Sweden to ensure that packages containing Lube Pro RB11EC series additives do not increase vehicle exhaust emissions when compared to base fuel. A 1.9
litre VW Golf was driven over the modified 70/220/EEC driving cycle (40 second idle omitted)
using Swedish environmental Class 1 fuel treated with a package delivering 200 mg/l Lube Pro RB11EC. The emissions tests were performed in triplicate and the results compared to those observed
with untreated fuel.
Results showed that no increase in regulated emissions occurred when using additive treated fuel.
Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions were similarly unaffected in both semi-volatile and
particulate phases.
Semi-volatile and particulate extracts were also analysed to ensure that the use of additive did not
increase biological effects in Ames and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) receptor
affinity tests. The results indicated that neither mutagenicity nor dioxin affinity were affected by
additive use. An independent report can be provided if required.
Effect on fuels containing excise markers
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on the ability to detect excise markers in fuel has been studied.
Testing has demonstrated that Lube Pro RB-11EC will not interfere with the detection of furfural,
quinizarin or coumarin by their respective IP detection methods.
Effect on fuels containing other lubricity additives
The effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on the performance of other commercial lubricity additives has
been studied. Testing has demonstrated that no adverse reactions result when fuels treated with
Lube Pro RB-11EC are commingled or adulterated with fuels containing other non-acid or acid
based lubricity additives.
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Effect of Lube Pro RB-11EC on Lubricating Oil Interaction
Lube Pro RB-11EC has been studied for lubricating oil interaction by a number of different test
procedures of varying severity and relevance, the majority of which have been specifically designed
to discriminate against additives of an acidic nature.
Test 1 (Neste Oy) - Mix 500 ml of additised diesel fuel with 1.5 ml of used crankcase lubricant.
Store at 80 °C and inspect for production of sticky carbonaceous sediment.
Rating
Additive
Concentration,
mg/l
Day
1
Day
2
Day
3
Day
4
Day
5
Day
6
Day
7
Lube Pro RB-11EC
300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- = No sediment
Test 2 - Mix 700 ml fuel, 70 g lubricity additive and 35 g new crankcase lubricant. Store at
room temperature on the bench and inspect daily for sedimentation, separation, gel or cloud
formation.
Rating
Additive
Day
0
Day
1
Day
2
Day
3
Day
4
Day
5
Day
6
Lube Pro RB-11EC
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P =Pass
F=Fail
Test 3 - Mix 30 g lubricity additive with 30 g new crankcase lubricant. Store at 50 °C in the
dark and inspect after 2 - 3 hours and then periodically for sedimentation, separation or gel
formation.
Rating
Additive
Day
0
Day
1
Day
2
Day
3
Day
4
Day
5
Day
6
Lube Pro RB-11EC
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P=Pass
F=Fail
Test 4 - Mix 10 g of lubricity additive and 10 g new lubricant. Store at 90 °C for three days.
Dilute the mixture with 500 ml diesel fuel and filter through a 0.8 µm filter using a vacuum of
200 mbar. If the filtration takes longer than 5 minutes the additive is deemed to have failed.
Additive
Filtration time, s
Result
Lube Pro RB-11EC
80
Pass
It can be seen that Lube Pro RB-11EC does not interact with lubricants in a range of tests, some of
which are extremely severe.
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Effect of Lube ProRB-11EC on Jet Fuel Properties
The effect of low levels of Lube Pro RB-11EC on jet fuel quality, specifically Microseparometer
(MSEP), conductivity and Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Test values, has been studied to determine if
slight contamination of jet fuel with Lube Pro RB-11EC treated diesel fuel or possible desorption of
Lube Pro RB-11EC from fuel transport pipeline walls will have an adverse effect on these
performance criteria.
MSEP testing
Fuel
Stadis® 450,
mg/l
LUube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
MSEP value
Clay treated Jet A-1
0
0
98
0
2
95
1
0
88
1
2
80
Conductivity testing
Conductivity @ 21 °C, pS/m
Fuel
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Initial
Day 1
Day 7
Day 25
Jet A-1 + Stadis® 450
0
409
350
349
298
12
411
350
354
334
JFTOT testing (260 °C)
Fuel
Lube Pro RB-11EC,
mg/l
Clay treated Jet A-1
0
0-1
1
2
0-1
<1
12
0-1
1
P, mm
Tube rating
It is apparent that low concentrations of Lube Pro RB-11EC do not affect the MSEP, conductivity
or JFTOT results of jet fuel within the precision of the test procedures.
Handling, storage and use
Quality assurance
____________________________
6.
HANDLING, STORAGE AND USE
Additive stability
Lube Pro RB-11EC contains the necessary amount and type of solvent to ensure complete stability
over prolonged storage periods.
Materials compatibility
Lube Pro RB-11EC is fully compatible with engine and fuel system materials.
A range of plastics and rubbers were examined by monitoring changes in mass, dimensions,
appearance and hardness caused when these materials are immersed into a series of commercial
additive treated fuels, including certain oxygenated components. The plastics included nylon 66,
nylon 11, nylon 12, polyoxymethylene homopolymer known as Acetal, high density polyethylene
(HDPE), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyurethane (PU) and polyester (PET). The rubbers
included nitrile, nitrile-PVC, epichlorohydrine, fluorocarbon known as Viton and fluorosilicone.
7.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Bell Performance, Inc. specialises in the manufacture and supply of a range of chemicals to the oil,
chemical and related industries. The Quality Policy of the Company is to provide products and
services that meet or exceed customers' requirements, whilst satisfying legal and contractual
requirements. The Fuel Technology Centre at Bletchley is responsible for the development and
testing of petroleum additives. It undertakes investigations to study the effect of additives on fuels,
engine performance and exhaust emissions. It controls the blending operations carried out by
approved sub-contractors for the supply of petroleum additive packages.
Test work is performed at the Fuel Technology Centre in laboratories holding accreditation by
NAMAS (National Accreditation of Measurement and Sampling). NAMAS is a division of the
United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) and is internationally recognised by accreditation
organisations in a number of countries. A wide variety of standard and in-house methods accredited
by NAMAS are used to test our products. These include engine tests carried out for performance
evaluation as well as laboratory tests to ensure that our products meet agreed specifications. As a
supplier of quality products, our laboratories meet all the requirements of BS EN 9002. By virtue
of our manufacturing processes, reliable and consistent product quality is assured through rigorous
control procedures.
8.
PRODUCT SUPPORT AND TRAINING
Bell Performance, Inc. is able to offer full product support facilities including technical training at
its facilities in Longwood, Fl.
Customer services typically comprise:
provision of technical and marketing information on the product
advice on product specifications
assistance in the development of analytical techniques to detect and monitor
additive levels in fuels
provision of technical advice on metering equipment for additive blending
provision of technical advice during the introduction of the product
assistance in the preparation of advertisement and promotional materials.