DR. PATRICK OVIE AKUSU
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT DIRECTORATE
&
MR. UCHE MORDI
MANPOWER TRAINING & CAPACITY
DIRECTORATE
Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission.
WORKSHOP ON ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND PRE-FEASIBILITY
STUDIES
FOR A NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME.
MARCH 17TH – 21ST 2014
To gain knowledge in evaluation in the
important factors that are taken into account
when making decisions on a national Nuclear
Power Programme.
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Leverage on the experiences of other country’s
National Nuclear Power Programme.
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Nigeria, named after the River Niger due
to her proximity to the river.
Located in West Africa and shares land
borders with the Republic of Benin in the
west, Chad and Cameroun in the east,
and Niger in the north. Its coast in the
south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the
Atlantic Ocean.
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Nigeria is;
Ø The most populous country in Africa
Ø Seventh most populous country in the world
Ø Most populous black country in the world is
listed among the “Next Eleven" economies
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Total Area
Currency
GDP Growth
Population Growth
Life expectancy
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-
923,768 Km2
Naira (NGN)
6.81% (2013)
2.8% (2012)
47 years
The number of languages currently estimated
and catalogued in Nigeria is 521.
Ø The three largest ethnic groups in Nigeria are
the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba.
Ø English is the official languagewhich helps to
promote the cultural and linguistic unity of the
country.
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At independence in 1960, Nigeria was largely a
producer and net exporter of primary products
in six major agricultural products; cocoa,
rubber, palm oil, groundnut, cotton and palm
kernel. With small scale mining and quarrying.
Specifically, the Nigerian state as an exporter of
agricultural goods, having 69.4% of its total GDP
for the year 1963/64 comprising the six
aforementioned agricultural commodities.
In 1972, oil gained ascendancy over all other
commodities as the largest contributor to the GDP,
and also as a major foreign exchange earner.
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Nigeria gained from the global market price of highgrade crude oil from low price of $3.8 per barrel in
October 1973 to a skyrocketing price of $14.7 per
barrel in January 1974 and 1981 when crude oil
attained a high level of $38.77 per barrel.
Within the same period, total revenue from oil rose
correspondingly from N1billion to N4billion while
external reserves increased from N180million to
N3.7billion in 1975.
The forms of energy consumed in Nigeria have
increased due to diversity and intensity of
innovations in socio-economic changes and S & T.
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It becomes necessary to examine Nigeria's energy
availability and consumption trends continually as
an aid to conservation and development of new
alternatives after realizing that the available fossil
energy resources are finite and exhaustible.
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In 2010, total oil production in Nigeria was
slightly over 2.46 million bbl/d, the largest in
Africa.
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Nigeria has an estimated 187 trillion cubic feet
(Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves as of
December 2010 ninth largest natural gas reserve
holder in the world and the largest in Africa.
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Majority of the natural gas reserves are located
in the Niger Delta and the sector is also
impacted by the security and regulatory issues
affecting the oil industry.
The last census figure in Nigeria indicated that the
population of Nigeria has risen to over 140 million
and the national power generating capacity is at
present about 4,500MWe, some 30 times less than the
1kWe in South Africa.
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Economic growth will require the provision of
corresponding energy related services at an
affordable price with no reasonable expectation to
break the linear relationship between GDP growth
and the increase in energy demand.
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To meet this national
energy demand
projection,
industrialization and
the shortfall, there is
need for the
introduction of more
stable, reliable and
high-yield power
sources, such as
nuclear power, into
the national energy
mix.
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The Country Study Team (CST) under the IAEA
regional programme on Sustainable Energy
Development for Sub-Saharan Africa, predicted
that increase in electricity demand in Nigeria
will be between 50,820 MWe for 7% reference
growth and 107,600 MWe for 13% optimistic
growth by the year 2020, which translates to the
construction of at least 3005MWe power plant
every year to meet the 2020 demand.
Scenerio
Reference (7%)
High
Growth
(10%)
Optimistic
I
(11.5%)
Optimistic
II
(13%)
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
5,746
15,730
28,360
50,820
77,450
119,200
5,746
15,920
30,210
58,180
107,220
192,000
5,746
16,000
31,240
70,760
137,370
250,000
5,746
33,250
64,200
107,600
172,900
297,900
It must be emphasized that the demand indicated for 2005 represents suppressed demand,
due to inadequate generation, transmission, distribution and retail facilities.
Suppressed demand is became non-existent by 2010.
2030
2025
2020
Optimistic II (13%)
Optimistic I (11.5%)
2015
YR
High Growth (10%)
Reference (7%)
2010
2005
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
MW
Electricity Demand Peak Projection Till 2030
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An estimated 60 million residents use generators of varying sizes. In the last
one year, average residential expenditure in fuelling power generators
climbed to an all-time high of N1.56 trillion, about $13.35 billion per annum.
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The crisis have deprived the country of economic activity worth $130bn
annually which is equivalent of more than half of gross domestic product.
It became clear that the assurance of longterm energy security cannot be
attained accidentally, but:
ü Requires detailed energy analysis of both demand and supply, to provide
realistic projections of both demand and supply potentials over time.
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Planning to ensure that supply is adequate to meet demands at the level
of efficiency that ensures efficient economic performance .
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Results of such studies often form basis for conservative strategic national
planning.
In recognition of role that Nuclear Energy can
play in the electricity crises, the following
decisions have been taken:
Government of Nigeria
Established the Nigeria Nuclear
Regulatory Authority with the
responsibilities for nuclear safety
and radiological protection
regulation in Nigeria on 7th May,
2001.
The Nigeria Atomic Energy
Commission (NAEC) was established
through the enactment of Act 46 of 1976
as a specialised agency for the
promotion and development of nuclear
technology. It has the mandate to
develop the framework and technical
pathway to explore, exploit and
harness atomic energy for peaceful
application in all its ramifications for
the socio-economic development of
Nigeria.
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The Commission did not start
operation until April 2006.
1.7MVA Tandem Accelerator
Control room of the 30 KW NNRR -1
Gamma Irradiation Facility
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Creation of four additional Nuclear Energy Research Centres (NERCs) to
further strengthen the training and development of critical mass of
professionals in nuclear science and technology.
ØCentre for Nuclear Energy Studies (CNES),
University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
www.cnes.uniport.edu.ng
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Center for Nuclear Energy Research & Training
(CNERT) http://www.unimaid.edu.ng/
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Centre for Nuclear Energy Studies & Training
(CNEST), FUT, Owerri
FGN-IAEA Marine Contamination Coastal field Monitoring Station
(MCCFMS), Koluama, Balyesa State.
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Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission finalized the modalities and
commenced implementation of the Master’ degree programmes in
Nuclear Engineering and Nuclear Science in partnership with four
participating National Universities and the IAEA.
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The partnership has graduated the first batch of 10 Masters Students
in Nuclear Engineering & Nuclear Science respectively. The process
of admitting the second set of 60 students have also reached an
advanced stage.
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Completion of construction and the formal commissioning of the
Multipurpose Researchers’ Hostel and Conference Centre (RHCC) on
June 28, 2012 at the Nuclear Technology Centre, Sheda. A
conferencing facility which provides critical accommodation for
visiting researchers (Scientist and Engineers) and as hub for
international meetings and conferences.
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Developing capacity in Nuclear Medicine, Food irradiation and
Isotope hydrology.
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Nigeria is partnering with the IAEA and other international
organizations in other to further facilitate her HRD expert mission
and review meetings.
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In order to consolidate on Nuclear power infrastructure
development in the various Nuclear Energy Research Centres
(NERCs); the following are currently on-going:
1.
Construction of Nuclear Science & Engineering Laboratory,
FUTO, Owerri.
Construction of Nuclear Instrumentation, Nuclear Safety &
Nuclear Security Laboratory & Training Facility &
Workshop, NTC, Sheda.
Neutronics, Health Physics and Dosimetry Laboratory,
CERT, Zaria
Construction of FGN-IAEA Field Monitoring Station &
Laboratory Facility, Koluama, Balyesa.
2.
3.
4.
ØImplementation
of Nuclear Power Programme in
Nigeria not moving as fast as desired due to some
factors which include:
1.
2.
Slow Process of requisite legal framework
development.
Funding limitations resulting in:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Slow rate of completion of requisite capital projects
Inadequate synergy in stakeholders involvement
Inadequate intergovernmental S3 cooperation
Inadequate public awareness initiatives
Slow implementation of human resources capacity
development
Inadequate synergy with partnering institutions
for human resources development programmes.
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Nigeria faces the grim reality towards self
sufficiency and sustainable development amidst
global economic meltdown, energy crisis and
climate change.
As a nation, we have considered and pursuing
all feasible options in our long-term strategic
plans
for
self-sufficiency
towards
the
attainment of our nation to be one of the 20
largest economies by year 2020; and this we
hope the Republic of Korea will support us in
the pursuit of this goal.