© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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HORIBA Instruments Inc.
Scientific
Kiwan Park
Pondering Piezo Particles
5/10/2016
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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What we’ll talk about today
•
•
•
•
Fun Facts
The Fundamentals
Applications
The How's
•
•
How is Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) manufactured?
How is particle sizing crucial?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lead (IV) Oxide
Lead (II) Oxide
Lead Zirconate
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT): soft and hard
• Q&A
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Fun Facts
• “Piezo", derived from the Greek piezein,
which means to squeeze or press
• It’s pronounced as pee-eh-zo, it has
nothing to do with a pie
• Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880
by French physicists Jacques and Pierre
Curie.
• Radioactivity was discovered by Marie
Curie, Pierre Curie’s wife
• 5 Nobel Prizes
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The Fundamentals
Disk after polarization
• Direct piezoelectric current
• Inverse piezoelectric current
• Cyclic
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
+
_
+
(+)
_
(-)
(-)
+
_
(+)
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Application – DPI
Inspiratory
air flow
De-agglomerated
particles
Pierced holes
Sealed blister
Attached cover
Dose counter
Piezo Actuator
Thumb grip
Mouthpiece/dose release level
hidden inside the cover
Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Astma-medication.png
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Application – Ultrasound
metal case
backing material
plastic
membrane
CPU
electrodes
power cable
acoustic insulator
piezoelectric
crystals
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Application - Igniter
Flame
Electrical
current
Gas
Mechanical
pressure
Piezoelectric
crystals
Tire pressure monitoring
systems (TPMS) embedded
inside
Nozzle
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/0/02/Lighter_diagram.PNG
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How is PZT manufactured?
Incoming raw materials**
Milling/blending**
Calcining (e.g. PZT)
2-4 Weeks
Weighing per formulation
Back to Milling**
Spray-dry (e.g. PZT powder)***
Pressed/sintered to various shapes (various resonance)
**Particle sizing required | ***Particle size and shape required
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Measurement Method
• Laser diffraction
• Mie Scattering theory
• Dispersion method: water with surfactant
(e.g. 0.1wt% of Darven C or 0.1wt% of
Sodium Pyrophosphate solution)
• Refractive Index @ 650nm: 2.32-3.22
• RI is important for particles <50um
(ISO13320)
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Lead (II) oxide
16
100
14
q (%)
10
60
8
40
6
4
Undersize (%)
80
12
20
2
0
0.010
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0.100
1.000
10.00
Diameter (µm)
100.0
1000
0
5000
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Lead (II) oxide
300
250
Before applying
ultrasonics energy
200
150
100
1min ultrasonics; fully
dispersed
D(v,0.9)
D(v,0.5)
D(v,0.1)
50
0
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Lead (IV) oxide
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Lead Zirconate
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
1min ultrasonics
D(v,0.9)
D(v,0.5)
D(v,0.1)
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Soft PZT / Hard PZT
•
“Hard” PZT



•
“hard” because its dipole or domain is restricted by composition.
Can with stand high electrical, high temperature and
mechanical stresses.
Used in applications when high power is required. E.g. welders,
ultrasound cleaners.
“Soft” PZT



“Soft” because dipole or domain isn’t restricted by composition
Has high permittivity, high coupling, high Curie temperature.
Used in applications when high sensitivity is required. E.g.
medical ultrasound, gas igniters.
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Hard PZT
Hard PZT
Soft PZT
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RI Assessment
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Acknowledgment
Special thanks to Wayne Lee of Harris Corp for providing general
knowledge of the PZT manufacturing process
www.exelispzt.com
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Q&A
Email us your questions:
[email protected]
Download this webinar:
http://www.horiba.com/us/en/scientific/products/particlecharacterization/download-center/webinars/
View our full range of particle characterization analyzers:
www.horiba.com/us/particle
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© 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Thank you
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ありがとうございました
Dziękuję
Grazie
धन्यवाद
Merci
谢谢
நன்ற
ขอบคุณครับ
Obrigado
Σας ευχαριστούμε
Tack ska ni ha
Большое спасибо
Danke
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Gracias
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