European Security
Syllabus
Electives | Master’s Programme
Autumn 2015
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BALTDEFCOL UNCLASSIFIED
European Security
Syllabus
Mr. James Rogers
Director, Department of Political and Strategic Studies
[email protected]
Room:
Time:
Assessment:
Credits:
Readings:
Baltic Way Room
12:30-14:20
Examination (100%)
1,500 word essay (Master’s Programme)
2 ECTS
All readings are available on Ilias
ELECTIVE OVERVIEW
‘European security’ is a directed-reading elective, which will provide students with an overview and in-depth analysis of the geopolitics of European security; the history of the Euro-Atlantic structures; the European
Union; and the future of the European geopolitical environment. In particular, the elective will help students to understand the geopolitical raison d’être of both the Atlantic Alliance and the European Union (and its
foreign, security and defence policies) and the foreign and strategic interests of Europe’s major powers (France, Germany, Russia, the United
Kingdom and the United States), as well as the potential issues likely to
face countries in the ‘Wider Baltic’ region.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the elective, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate the key issues confronting European security in the early
twenty-first century;
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2. Analyse the strategic interests of the great powers in European security;
3. Apply the conceptual apparatus of the Euro-Atlantic structures to
European security;
4. Understand the potentially divergent futures of the ‘Wider Baltic’
region;
5. Recognise the policies of the European Union.
MASTER’S COMPONENT
Students taking European security as a component of the Latvian National Defence Academy’s Master’s Programme must complete a longer argumentative essay (1,500 words). This should follow the same protocol as
the Joint Command and General Staff Course’s Learning Area 5 – Critical
Thinking and Communication guide and should be submitted by 09:00
on 9th December 2015. The essay should answer one of the following
questions:
1. Is geopolitics re-emerging on the European continent?
2. Defence forces or expeditionary forces: which strategic posture best
reflects the needs of the Baltic States?
3. With their respective ‘pivots’ to the Indo-Pacific region, will the
United States and the United Kingdom continue to be able to underwrite European security?
4. Should the European Union integrate into a fully-fledged military
power?
5. Is Russia re-emerging as a potential threat to the security of the
‘Wider Baltic’ region?
SEMINARS
Seminars are designed for students to discuss the ideas found in the required and supplementary readings. Students should read all required
readings, as these will form the basis for the tasks given in each seminar,
as well as one supplementary reading, which will provide specific
knowledge about the topic under scrutiny.
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1. The geopolitics of European security
2nd September 2015 | ‘Three worlds’: Post-Cold War European security
Topics covered: the collapse of the Soviet empire; neo-globalisation; the
reunification of Germany; the emergence of the three zones of security
and insecurity (the ‘pre-modern’, ‘modern’ and ‘post-modern’ zones); accelerating European integration; the unipolar world order.
Required reading:
Cooper, Robert. 1996. The Post-Modern State and the World Order. London: Demos, 1996.
Supplementary reading:
Cottey, Andrew. 2007. Security in the New Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,
2007, pp. 5-78.
9th September 2015 | Germany: the geo-economic ‘hegemon’?
Topics covered: German strategic culture; the ‘German Question’ in European geopolitics; German industrial and demographic power; German
influence in the European Union; German relations with Russia, France
and the British and American ‘offshore balancers’.
Required reading:
Kundnani, Hans. 2011. Germany as a Geo-economic Power. The Washington Quarterly.
Summer, 2011, Vol. 34, 3.
Simms, Brendan. 2015. Germany’s triumph: from the ruins of war, how a new European empire was built. New Statesman. 30 July 2015.
Supplementary reading:
Chivvis, Christopher S. and Rid, Thomas. 2009. The Roots of Germany’s Russia Policy.
Survival. March, 2009, Vol. 51, 2.
Gauck, Joachim. 2014. Germany’s role in the world: Reflections on responsibility,
norms and alliances. Der Bundespräsident. [Online] 31 January 2014. [Cited: 20 Janu-
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ary 2015.] http://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/EN/JoachimGauck
/Reden/2014/140131-Munich-Security-Conference.html.
Maull, Hans W. 1990. Germany and Japan: The New Civilian Powers. Foreign Affairs.
1990/91, Winter, Vol. 69, 5.
Janning, Joseph. 2015. Bowling Alone: The Limits of German Power in Europe. European
Leadership Network. [Online] 31 July 2015. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.europ
eanleadershipnetwork.org/bowling-alone-the-limits-of-german-power-in europe_
2996.html.
Rahr, Alexander. 2007. Germany and Russia: A Special Relationship. The Washington
Quarterly. 2007, Vol. 30, 2.
Speck, Ulrich. 2015. German Power and the Ukraine Conflict. Carnegie Europe. [Online]
26 March 2015. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://carnegieeurope.eu/2015/03/26/germ
an-power-and-ukraine-conflict.
16th September | France: the ‘spider’ in the European web?
Topics covered: French strategic culture; French intercontinental power;
France as the political motor of European integration; French relations
with Germany, the United Kingdom and United States; French relations
with Russia.
Required reading:
Simon, Luis. 2013. The Spider in Europe’s Web? French Geostrategy from Iraq to Libya.
Geopolitics. 2013, Vol. 18, 2.
Simon, Luis. 2013. Setting the Tone: The 2013 French Defence White Paper and the Future of European Defence. The RUSI Journal. 2013, Vol. 158, 4.
Supplementary reading:
Heisbourg, Francois. 2013. A Surprising Little War: First Lessons of Mali. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy. 2013, Vol. 55, 2.
Howorth, Jolyon. 2014. ‘Opération Harmattan’ in Libya: a paradigm shift in French, European and transatlantic security arrangements? Journal of Transatlantic Studies.
2014, Vol. 12, 4.
Simon, Luis. 2013. The French defence White Paper: do not write the French off just
yet. European Geostrategy. [Online] 1 May 2013. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.e
uropeangeostrategy.org/2013/05/2013-french-defence-white-paper-write-francejust-yet/.
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23rd September | Russia: the ‘new imperialist’?
Topics covered: the nadir of Russian power in the 1990s; the resurgence
of Russia in the 2000s; the regime of Vladimir Putin; Russian strategic
culture; Russian geostrategy in Eastern Europe.
Required reading:
Dawisha, Karen. 2015. The Putin Principle: How it Came to Rule Russia. World Affairs.
2015, May/June.
Krickovic, Andrej. 2014. Imperial nostalgia or prudent geopolitics? Russia's efforts to
reintegrate the post-Soviet space in geopolitical perspective. Post-Soviet Affairs. 2014,
Vol. 30, 6.
Supplementary reading:
Aron, Leon. 2015. Putinology. The American Interest. 2015, Vol. 11, 1.
Berryman. John. 2012. Geopolitics and Russian Foreign Policy. International Politics.
2012, Vol. 49, 4.
Lukin, Alexander. 2014. What the Kremlin is Thinking? Putin’s Vision for Eurasia. Foreign Affairs. 2014, Vol. 93, 4.
Morozov, Viacheslav. 2013. Subaltern Empire? Towards a Postcolonial Approach to
Russian Foreign Policy. Problems of Post-Communism. 2013, Vol. 60, 6.
7th October | The ‘offshore balancers’: Britain and America
Topics covered: the geopolitical orientation of the British Isles and North
America in relation to the European mainland; the ‘Special Relationship’
and the Atlantic Alliance; British and American ‘geo-structural’ power;
British relations with France; British and American relations with Russia.
Required reading:
Rogers, James. 2015. After Crimea: Towards a New British Geostrategy for Eastern Europe?
London: The Henry Jackson Society, 2015.
Simon, Luis. 2015. Understanding US Retrenchment in Europe. Survival: Global Politics
and Strategy. 2015, Vol. 57, 2.
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Supplementary reading:
Blagden, David. 2015. Global Multipolarity, European security and implications for UK
grand strategy: back to the future, once again. International Affairs. 2015, Vol. 91, 2.
Grygiel, Jacob. 2012. The Faulty Logic of the European Union and Its Consequences for
the United States. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs. Fall, 2012, Vol. 56, 4.
Rogers, James. 2014. Why the UK Must Lead in Upholding the European Security Order. RUSI Newsbrief. September, 2014, Vol. 34, 5.
2. History of the Euro-Atlantic structures
14th October 2015 | NATO: ‘empire by invitation’?
Topics covered: Sir Halford Mackinder and the Midland Ocean; the
Dunkirk, Brussels and Washington treaties; Article 5, deterrence and assurance; NATO after the Cold War; expeditionary operations versus
homeland defence.
Required reading:
Mackinder, Halford. 1943. The Round World and the Winning of the Peace. Foreign Affairs. 1943, Vol. 21, 1.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. 2012. What is NATO? Brussels: Public Diplomacy
Division, 2012.
Rogers, James. 2014. The geopolitics of the Atlantic Alliance. European Geostrategy.
[Online] 8 June 2014. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.europeangeostrategy.org
/2014/06/geopolitics-atlantic-alliance/.
Herd, Graeme P., Kriendler, John and Wittman, Klaus. 2013. NATO’s Genesis and
adaption: From Washington to Chicago. [eds.] Graeme P. Herd and John Kriendler.
Understanding NATO in the 21st Century. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
Supplementary reading:
Gardner, Hall. 2002. NATO Enlargement and Geostrategic History: Alliances and the
Question of War and Peace. [ed.] Carl C. Hodge. NATO for a New Century – Atlantics
and European Security. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2002.
Locatelli, Andrea and Testoni, Michele. 2009. Intra-allied competition and alliance durability: the case for promoting a division of labour among NATO allies. European
Security. September, 2009, Vol. 18, 3.
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Mattelaer, Alexander. 2011. How Afghanistan has strengthened NATO. Survival. December, 2011, Vol. 53, 6.
Noetzel, Timo and Schreer, Benjamin. 2009. NATO's Vietnam? Afghanistan and the
Future of the Atlantic Alliance. Contemporary Security Policy. November, 2009, Vol.
30, 3.
Spelling, James and Weber, Mark. 2009. NATO: from Kosovo to Kabul. International
Affairs. May, 2009, Vol. 85, 3.
21st October 2015 | Neo-Venusians? European strategic culture
Topics covered: strategic culture; security culture; grand strategy; Robert
Kagan; ‘civilian power’; the European Security Strategy; Report on the
Implementation of the European Security Strategy.
Required reading:
Kagan, Robert. 2002. Power and Weakness: Why the United States and Europe see the world
differently. Policy Review. 2002, Vol. 113.
Ham, Peter van. 2008. The Power of War: Why Europe Needs It. The Hague: Clingendael
Institute, 2008.
Rogers, James. 2012. Empowering the tribe: Confidence comes before strategy. [eds.]
Roderick Parkes and Ryszarda Formuszewicz. Stocktaking of EU Strategising. Warsaw:
European Global Strategy, 2012.
Supplementary reading:
European Council. 2003. A secure Europe in a better world. European Security Strategy.
Brussels: European Union, 2003.
European Council. 2008. Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy:
Providing Security in a Changing World. Brussels: European Union, 2008.
Duchêne, Francois. 1972. Europe’s Role in World Peace. [ed.] Richard Mayne. Europe
Tomorrow: Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead. London: Fontana, 1972.
Edwards, Geoffrey. 2006. Is there a Security Culture in the Enlarged European Union?
International Spectator. 2006, Vol. 41, 3.
Hyde-Price, Adrian. 2004. European Security, Strategic Culture, and the Use of Force.
European Security. 2004, Vol. 13, 4.
Mérand, Frédéric, Bonneu, Mathias and Faure, Samuel. 2009. What do ESDP actors
want? An exploratory analysis. European Security. 2009, Vol. 18, 3.
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Norheim-Martinsen, Per M. 2011. EU Strategic Culture: When the Means Becomes the
End. Contemporary Security Policy. 2011, Vol. 32, 3.
Rehrl, Jochen and Weisserth, Hans-Bernhard. 2011. Handbook on CSDP. Vienna: Armed
Forces Printing Centre, 2011, pp. 17-25.
28th October 2015 | European Union: a ‘global’ power?
Topics covered: the development of European foreign policy; the treaties
of Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon; the Common Foreign and Security Policy; the Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership; identities of
‘normative’ and ‘global’ power.
Required reading:
Wood Steve and Quaisser, Wolfgang. 2007. The New European Union: Confronting the
Challenges of Integration. Bolder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2007, pp. 115-154.
Boyer, Yves. 2013. Challenges and Global Role of the European Union. [eds.] Bo Huldt,
Pekka Sivonen, Tomas Reis and Camilla Huldt. The Emerging Global Security Environment. Stockholm: National Defence College, 2013.
Supplementary reading:
Alboni, Roberto. 2005. The Geopolitical Implications of the European Neighbourhood
Policy. European Foreign Affairs Review. 2005, Vol. 10, 1.
Angelet, Bruno and Vrailas, Ioannis. 2008. European Defence in the Wake of the Lisbon
Treaty. Brussels: Academia Press, May 2008.
Biscop, Sven and Algieri, Franco. 2008. The Lisbon Treaty and ESDP: Transformation and
Integration. Brussels: Academia Press, 2008.
Edwards, Geoffrey. 2013. Diplomacy and the CFSP: with new hands on the wheel, have
we something that’s real? [eds.] Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman. The Routledge
Handbook of European Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
Haukkala, Hiski. 2013. The Three Paradigms of European Security in Eastern Europe:
Co-operation, competition and conflict. [ed.] Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman.
The Routledge Handbook of European Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
Reis, Tomas. 2009. The Globalising Security Environment and the EU. [ed.] Alvaro de
Vasconelos. Ambitions for European Defence in 2020? Paris: European Union Institute
for Security Studies, 2009.
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Rogers, James. 2009. From ‘Civilian Power’ to ‘Global Power’: Explicating the European
Union’s ‘Grand Strategy’ Through the Articulation of Discourse Theory. Journal of
Common Market Studies. September, 2009, Vol. 47, 4.
Toje, Asle. 2011. The European Union as a Small Power. Journal of Common Market Studies. January, 2011, Vol. 49, 1.
4th November 2015 | Reading Period
11th November 2015 | The Common Security and Defence Policy
Topics covered: the Wars of the Yugoslav Succession; the St. Malo Accords; utility of military power; the Headline Goals (2003 and 2010); European Union civilian and military overseas operations.
Required reading:
Rehrl, Jochen and Weisserth, Hans-Bernhard. 2011. Handbook on CSDP. Vienna: Armed
Forces Printing Centre, 2011, pp. 27-87.
Shepherd, Alistair J. K. 2009. ‘A milestone in the history of the EU’: Kosovo and the
EU’s international role. International Affairs, May, 2009, Vol. 85, 3.
Rogers, James. 2013. Why do Europeans need armed forces? Policy Brief No. 168. Brussels: FRIDE, 2013.
Supplementary reading:
Biscop, Sven and Coelmont, Jo. 2013. Military CSDP: The quest for capability. [eds.]
Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman. The Routledge Handbook of European Security.
Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
Giegerich, Bastian. 2010. Military and Civilian Capabilities for EU-led CrisisManagement Operations. [ed.] Bastian Giegerich. Europe and Global Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2010.
Merlingen, Michael. 2013. The CSDP in the Western Balkans: From experimental pilot
to security governance. [eds.] Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman. The Routledge
Handbook of European Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
Pirozzi, Nicoletta and Sandawi, Sammi. 2009. Military and Civilian ESDP Missions: Ever
Growing and Effective? Rome: Isitituto Affari Internazionale, 2009.
Quille, Gerrard. 2006. The European Security and Defence Policy: from the Helsinki Headline
Goal to the EU Battlegroups. Brussels: European Parliament, 2006.
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Riddervold, Marianne. 2011. Finally flexing its muscles? Atalanta – The European Union’s naval military operation against piracy. European Security. October, 2011, Vol.
20, 3.
Schulz, Michael and Söderholm, Frederik. 2010. Theorising the EU’s role in regional
conflict management. European Security. December, 2010, Vol. 19, 3.
Vlachos-Dengler, Katia. 2002. Getting there: building strategic mobility into ESDP. Paris:
European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2002.
4. The future of European security
18th November 2015 | After the ‘pivot(s)’: is NATO still relevant?
Topics covered: the American, British and French ‘pivots’ to the IndoPacific; NATO’s Wales Summit (2014); NATO’s assurance measures; the
future of the Atlantic Alliance.
Required reading:
Shambaugh, David. 2013. Assessing the US ‘pivot’ to Asia. Strategic Studies Quarterly.
Summer, 2013, Vol. 7, 2.
Rogers, James. 2013. European (British and French) geostrategy in the Indo-Pacific.
Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. June, 2013, Vol. 9, 1.
Rogers, James and Romanovs, Ugis. 2015. NATO’s Eastern Flank: Rebuilding Deterrence. RUSI Newsbrief. May, 2015, Vol. 35, 3.
Supplementary reading:
Blount, Clive. 2013. Staying in Step: The US ‘Pivot’ and UK Strategic Choices. Strategic
Studies Quarterly. Summer, 2013, Vol. 7, 2.
Fedyszyn, Thomas R. 2010. Saving NATO: Renunciation of the Article 5 Guarantee. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs. June, 2010, Vol. 54, 3.
Herd, Graeme P. and Kriendler, John. 2013. ‘Good enough is better than good’: Towards a third ‘transatlantic bargain’? [eds.] Graeme P. Herd and John Kriendler. Understanding NATO in the 21st Century. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
Kashmeri, Sarwar A. 2011. NATO 2.0: Reboot or Delete? Washington, DC: Potomac Books,
2011, pp. 21-66.
Ross, Robert S. 2013. US Grand Strategy, the Rise of China and US National Security
Strategy for East Asia. Strategic Studies Quarterly. Summer, 2013, Vol. 7, 2.
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Saint-Mezárd, Isabelle. 2013. The French strategic vision of the Indian Ocean. Journal of
the Indian Ocean Region. June, 2013, Vol. 9, 1.
Simon, Luis and Fiott, Daniel. 2014. Europe after the U.S. Pivot. Orbis: A Journal of World
Affairs. 2014, Vol. 58, 3.
Simon, Luis. 2014. Assessing NATO’s Eastern European ‘Flank’. Parameters. Autumn,
2014, Vol. 44, 3.
Simon, Luis. 2014. ‘Back to Basics’ and ‘Out of Area’: Towards a Multi-Purpose NATO.
The RUSI Journal. June, 2014, Vol. 159, 3.
Stansfield, Gareth and Kelly, Saul. 2013. A Return East of Suez? UK Military Deployment to
the Gulf. London: Royal United Services Institute, 2013.
Stokes, Doug. 2013. Goodbye America? Transatlantic Grand Strategy after the Financial
Crisis. The RUSI Journal. August/September, 2013, Vol. 158, 4.
Whitman, Richard and Stokes, Doug. 2013. Transatlantic triage? European and UK
‘grand strategy’ after the US rebalance to Asia. International Affairs. September, 2013,
Vol. 89, 5.
Yoshihara, Toshi. 2013. The US Navy’s Indo-Pacific Challenge. Journal of the Indian
Ocean Region. June, 2013, Vol. 9, 1
25th November 2015 | European Union: power through integration?
Topics covered: the European Union as a strategic power; the ‘deepening’
versus ‘widening’ debate; the future of the European Union and European integration.
Required reading:
Rehrl, Jochen and Weisserth, Hans-Bernhard. 2011. Handbook on CSDP. Vienna: Armed
Forces Printing Centre, 2011, pp. 124-131.
Simón, Luis. 2012. CSDP, Strategy and Crisis Management: Out of Area or Out of Business? International Spectator. 2012, Vol. 47, 3.
Rogers, James. 2015. An EU Global Strategy: Developing the ‘will to power’? European
Leadership Network. [Online] 22 July 2015. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.eur
opeanleadershipnetwork.org/an-eu-global-strategy-developing-the-will-to-power
_2964.html.
Rogers, James. 2011. A New Geography of European Power. Egmont Paper 42. Brussels:
Academia Press, 2011.
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Supplementary reading:
Bentegeat, Henri. 2009. What aspirations for European defence? [ed.] Alvaro de
Vasconcelos. Ambitions for European Defence in 2020? Paris: European Union Institute
for Security Studies, 2009.
Biscop, Sven. 2012. EU Grand Strategy: Optimism is Mandatory. Brussels: Egmont Institute,
2012.
Keohane, Daniel. 2013. Strategic Priorities for EU Defence Policy. Paris: Notre Europe, 2013.
Rogers, James. 2009. From Suez to Shanghai: the European Union and Asian maritime security. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2009.
2nd December 2015 | The ‘Wider Baltic’: new geopolitical implications?
Topics covered: implications of European geopolitics for the countries of
the ‘Wider Baltic’, especially Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; the future of
European security.
Required reading:
Simón, Luis and Rogers, James. 2010. The Return of European Geopolitics: All Roads
Lead Through London. The RUSI Journal. June/July, 2010, Vol. 155, 3.
Kramer, Steven P. 2012. The Return of History in Europe. The Washington Quarterly. Autumn, 2012, Vol. 35, 4.
Rogers, James and Cusumano, Eugenio. 2015. Cassandra Vindicated: Baltic Perceptions
of NATO’s ‘New Deterrence of Russia. RUSI Newsbrief. July, 2015, Vol. 35, 4.
Rogers, James and Romanovs, Ugis. 2015. Baltic Military Preparations After Ukraine: A
Sufficiently Prickly Deterrent? RUSI Newsbrief. March, 2015, Vol. 35, 2.
Supplementary reading:
Eyal, Jonathan. 2012. The EU’s Alternative Futures. The RUSI Journal. February, 2012,
Vol. 157, 1.
Grygiel, Jakub. 2013. Europe: Strategic Drifter. The National Interest. June, 2013.
Kupchan, Charles A. 2010. The Potential Twilight of the European Union. New York City:
Council on Foreign Relations, 2010.
Molis, Arūnas. 2006. Role and Interests of Small States in Developing European Security and Defence Policy. Baltic Security and Defence Review. 2006, Vol. 8, 1.
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Rachman, Gideon. 2012. Europe’s Zero-Sum Dilemma, The National Interest. May/June,
2012.
Rogers, James. 2012. Geopolitics and the ‘Wider North’: The United Kingdom as a ‘Strategic Pivot’. The RUSI Journal. December, 2012, Vol. 157, 6.
Terlikowski, Marcin. 2013. No One Left Behind? European Defence and ‘Brexit’. The
RUSI Journal. August/September, 2013, Vol. 158, 4.
5. Examination
9th December 2015 | Examination
Students will have two hours to answer five out of ten questions.
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