Take a minute to think of as many
connections as you can between
earlier units and urban geography.
Urban Models
What are some of the factors that
cause people to live in various parts
of cities?
Urban Models
•Where are people and phenomena distributed within
cities?
•People are distributed within cities according to a variety
of social patterns.
•No models are perfect.
•Combining the models to evaluate different aspects or
distributions within a city often gives us a clearer
understanding of a city.
Concentric Zone Model (Burgess 1923)
Zone in transition
Concentric Zone Model (Burgess 1923)
Zone in transition
Concentric Zone Model (Burgess 1923)
Criticisms
Zone in transition
Concentric Zone Model (Burgess 1923)
Criticisms
Zone in transition
•Zones
rarely surround
city in circle
Concentric Zone Model (Burgess 1923)
Criticisms
Zone in transition
•Zones
rarely surround
city in circle
•Emphasizes only
residential patterns not
other land uses
Concentric Zone Model (Burgess 1923)
Criticisms
Zone in transition
•Zones
rarely surround
city in circle
•Emphasizes only
residential patterns not
other land uses
Sector Model (Hoyt 1939)
Sector Model (Hoyt 1939)
Sector Model (Hoyt 1939)
Advantages over Burgess
Sector Model (Hoyt 1939)
Advantages over Burgess
•Created after automobiles
became widespread
Sector Model (Hoyt 1939)
Advantages over Burgess
•Created after automobiles
became widespread
•Modern cities show
closer similarity to Hoyt
model than Burgess
Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman 1945)
Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman 1945)
Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman 1945)
Four Principles
Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman 1945)
Four Principles
•Certain activities require
specialized facilities
Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman 1945)
Four Principles
•Certain activities require
specialized facilities
•Certain activities cluster
because they benefit each other
Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman 1945)
Four Principles
•Certain activities require
specialized facilities
•Certain activities cluster
because they benefit each other
•Certain activities or uses
repel each other
Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman 1945)
Four Principles
•Certain activities require
specialized facilities
•Certain activities cluster
because they benefit each other
•Certain activities or uses
repel each other
•Certain activities would not
be profitable in high rent areas
Latin American Model
Latin American Model