Uncontracted Braille Training Manual High Tech Center Training Unit of the California Community Colleges at the Foothill-De Anza Community College District 21050 McClellan Road Cupertino, CA 95014 (408) 996-4636 (800) 411-8954 http://www.htctu.net Table of Contents Braille Alphabet .......................................................................................... 1 Connecting the Dots................................................................................... 2 Fill In the Dots ............................................................................................ 3 Letter Matching Exercise............................................................................ 4 Uncontracted Words .................................................................................. 5 Uncontracted Words Fill In ......................................................................... 6 Perkins Brailler ........................................................................................... 7 Sorting Words ............................................................................................ 8 Words to Braille.......................................................................................... 9 Blank for Braille Words............................................................................. 10 Slate and Stylus ....................................................................................... 11 Basic Punctuation .................................................................................... 12 Fill in the Blanks ....................................................................................... 13 Basic Punctuation Help ............................................................................ 14 Sentences with Basic Punctuation ........................................................... 15 Key for Basic Punctuation Exercises........................................................ 21 More Complex Punctuation ...................................................................... 22 Punctuation Help...................................................................................... 23 Alphabet & Punctuation............................................................................ 24 Sentences with More Complex Punctuation............................................. 25 Key to Sentences with More Complex Punctuation.................................. 29 Punctuation Listed by Name .................................................................... 30 Punctuation Listed by Dot Patterns .......................................................... 31 Braille Numbers........................................................................................ 32 Advanced Braille Numbers....................................................................... 33 Number Help Page................................................................................... 34 Advanced Number Practice ..................................................................... 35 Number Keys ........................................................................................... 36 ii Braille Alphabet a b c d e f g h i j ∙ b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z u v x y z w w 1 Connecting the Dots a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 2 Fill In the Dots a k u b l v c m x d n y e o z f p g q h r i s j t w 3 Letter Matching Exercise Match the print letters to their counterparts in Braille. a u k p l f I b a o c m r z b d n e n e o q t w f p c h j g q v x h d y r l i s g m k j u v s w x 4 t y z Uncontracted Words Write the Braille words below on the adjacent lines. ant ________________ next ________________ bog ________________ odd __________________ cod ________________ poke ________________ date _______________ quid ________________ eve ________________ race ________________ food _______________ sunny _______________ gig ________________ true ________________ hiss _______________ usage _______________ igloo _____________ vex __________________ jump _______________ worm ________________ kilt _______________ xylose ______________ lamp _______________ yell ________________ magnet ____________ zoo _________________ 5 Uncontracted Words Fill In Fill in the Braille cells to transcribe the print words into Braille. age new big old code poor dog quit egg rage five son gag trim hunt use ice vise jet wig kids exit lick yes man zoom 6 Perkins Brailler The classic Perkins Brailler is a precision-made, durable machine that will provide many years of service. The Perkins Brailler is a precision-made, all-purpose braillewriter that is in general use around the world. Thousands of these machines have been sold and their durability has been established under a wide range of conditions. With reasonable care, the Perkins Brailler will give long and reliable service. Description The Perkins Brailler is designed to: Accommodate a maximum page size of 11 1/2 inches wide by 14 inches long Permit the writing of 25 lines, 41 cells on an 11 1/2 x 11 inch page The Perkins Brailler features: An aluminum case that is finished in a tough baked grey enamel Keys, knobs, and carriage lever made of high-impact plastic Exposed metal parts that are plated for durability Metal carrying handle The specifications of the Perkins Brailler: Measures 15 1/2 x 9 x 5 3/4 inches Weighs 10 lbs. The Perkins Brailler includes a one-year limited warranty. To Order The Perkins Brailler: 1-00850-00 -- $725.00 The Perkins Brailler is now available from APH to all customers. You may purchase a Perkins using the following types of funds: check, money order, credit card, purchase order, or Federal Quota order. Text from the Web site for American Printing House for the Blind: www.aph.org. 7 Sorting Words Place the name of the category in the top box of each column. List the words belonging to that category in the column underneath. 8 Words to Braille Write the following words in braille. All words can be transcribed in grade one braille with no grade two signs. acid acacia badge beige cads cage deface dice ebb egg fad fief gag gage hag hide id idea jag jade kettle kneel lair llama manor melon noise notice orange orphan package possessor qualify quay rapport rascal simile spoon tragic ukulele ultimatum vacillate vaguely weird wield xebec xylem yeoman yield zoological zulu zyme 9 Blank for Braille Words 10 Slate and Stylus With a braille slate and stylus, one can manually punch the dots of the braille cell onto paper. Since you punch the dots from the back side of the paper, you must work from right to left (rather than left to right as you normally do). When you remove the paper from the slate, you will turn the page over to read it. When you use the slate and stylus, you will be utilizing the dot numbers that you have learned. On the slate, dot one becomes the top-right dot of the cell. Since you are working from right to left, dots 1-2-3 are still on the side of the cell closest to your starting point (just as they were when brailling with the Perkins Brailler). By focusing on the dot numbers, you can make a smooth transition from the Perkins Brailler to the slate. Braille Alphabet with Dot Names a a dot 1 k k dots 1-3 u u dots 1-3-6 b b dots 1-2 l l dots 1-2-3 v v dots 1-2-3-6 c c dots 1-4 m m dots 1-3-4 w w dots 2-4-5-6 d d dots 1-4-5 n n dots 1-3-4-5 x x dots 1-3-4-6 e e dots 1-5 o o dots 1-3-5 y y dots 1-3-4-5-6 f f dots 1-2-4 p p dots 1-2-3-4 z z dots 1-3-5-6 g g dots 1-2-4-5 q q dots 1-2-3-4-5 h h dots 1-2-5 r r dots 1-2-3-5 i i dots 2-4 s s dots 2-3-4 j j dots 2-4-5 t t dots 2-3-4-5 11 Basic Punctuation Signs in the first line of the Braille code are "dropped" to form punctuation. All punctuation marks are made using dots 2, 3, 5, and 6. Please note that the capital sign is actually a composition sign, rather than punctuation. Letter Drops Punctuation Dots a ∙ ⇒ 1 dot 2 b b ⇒ 2 c c ⇒ d d f h Meaning Memory Aid comma comma ends in "a" dots 2-3 semicolon only "semi" 3 dots 2-5 colon "c" for colon ⇒ 4 dots 2-5-6 period "d" for done f ⇒ 6 dots 2-3-5 exclamation point Finally! h ⇒ 8 dots 2-3-6 question mark How?? Punctuation Sign Dot Numbers comma semicolon colon period exclamation point question mark capital sign 12 Fill in the Blanks He sat; we left. anticipate: waves, sun I ran; he ate! Did he get home? I saw a bat; he a cat: big, orange. 13 Basic Punctuation Help Sign Position Dots Meaning Memory Aid a 1 =1 dot 2 comma comma ends in "a" b 2 =2 dots 2-3 semicolon only "semi" c 3 =3 dots 2-5 colon "c" for colon d 4 =4 dots 2-5-6 period "d" for done f 6 =6 dots 2-3-5 exclamation point Finally! h 8 =8 dots 2-3-6 question mark How?? A B C D E F G H I J a b c d e f g h i j K L M N O P Q R S T k l m n o p q r s t U V X Y Z W u v x y z w Basic Punctuation and Associated Letters A B C D E ∙ b c ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ Comma Semicolon Colon Period Exclamation Point Question mark 1 2 3 4 6 8 d e 14 F G H f g h I J i j Sentences with Basic Punctuation ,i want six items3 scissors1 buttons1 screws1 nails1 nuts1 bolts4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,miss ,flynn1 take a memo3 ,call ,mr4 ,phelps at twelve noon2 see ,mr4 ,gray at six4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,joan types well2 ,lucille tries1 gets no place4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 15 ,give me back my ,santa ,claus suit6 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,if all goes well1 we may take an ,atlantic cruise soon4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,i love all animals3 cats1 dogs1 calves1 pigs1 goats1 lambs1 etc4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,joanie wants a big blue umbrella4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 16 ,take my book2 hold my coat6 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,turn on a radio at once2 an unusual report is on4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,quiet1 ,david1 ,i am afraid6 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,an ugly man knocks at my door4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 17 ,donna is exquisitely happy4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,does ,jimmy want a banana8 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,does he want my old bicycle8 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,My favorite tune is ,,deep ,,purple4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 18 ,jack loves poetry2 give ,tom prose4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,aunt ,patricia1 may ,i date ,george next week8 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,,brigadoon1 an old ,broadway play1 is a musical4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,i want a black cat2 a gray squirrel gives ,madge joy4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 19 ,does ,philip love my niece1 ,hilda8 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,kim has five suits3 blue1 gray1 beige1 black1 coral4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 20 Key for Basic Punctuation Exercises Fill in the Blanks He sat; we left. ,He sat2 we left4 anticipate: waves, sun anticipate3 waves1 sun I ran; he ate! ,I ran2 he ate6 Did he get home? ,Did he get home8 I saw a bat; he a cat: big, orange. ,I saw a bat2 he a cat3 big1 orange4 Sentences An ugly man knocks at my door. I want six items: scissors, buttons, screws, nails, nuts, bolts. Donna is exquisitely happy. Miss Flynn, take a memo: Call Mr. Phelps at twelve noon; see Mr. Gray at six. Does Jimmy want a banana? Joan types well; Lucille tries, gets no place. Does he want my old bicycle? Give me back my Santa Claus suit! My favorite tune is DEEP PURPLE. If all goes well, we may take an Atlantic cruise soon. Jack loves poetry; give Tom prose. Aunt Patricia, may I date George next week? I love all animals: cats, dogs, calves, pigs, goats, lambs, etc. BRIGADOON, an old Broadway play, is a musical. Joanie wants a big blue umbrella. I want a black cat; a gray squirrel gives Madge joy. Take my book; hold my coat! Turn on a radio at once; an unusual report is on. Does Philip love my niece, Hilda? Kim has five suits: blue, gray, beige, black, coral. Quiet, David, I am afraid! 21 More Complex Punctuation With the exception of "e" and "i," all the letters in the first line of the Braille code drop to form punctuation. Please note that the capital sign is actually a composition sign, rather than punctuation. Punctuation Sign Punctuation Sign comma open bracket apostrophe close bracket semicolon question mark colon open double quote hyphen open single quote period close double quote exclamation point close single quote parenthesis capital sign 22 Punctuation Help Sign Position Dots Meaning Memory Aid 1 =1 dot 2 comma comma ends in "a" ' ='= dot 3 apostrophe as low as "a" can go b 2 =2 dots 2-3 semicolon only "semi" c 3 =3 dots 2-5 colon "c" for colon - =-= dots 3-6 hyphen looks like a hyphen d 4 =4 dots 2-5-6 period "d" for done f 6 =6 dots 2-3-5 exclamation point Finally! g 7 7=7 dots 2-3-5-6 parenthesis solid little walls ,7 ,7= with dot 6 open bracket dot closest helps 7' =7' with dot 3 close bracket dot closest helps 8 =8 dots 2-3-6 question mark How?? 8 8= dots 2-3-6 open double quote shaped like print quote ,8 ,8= with dot 6 open single quote dot closest helps 0 =0 dots 3-5-6 close double quote shaped like print quote 0' =0' with dot 3 close single quote dot closest helps a h j Note: Dots 1-2-3-4-5-6 (=) serve as a reference cell and have no specific meaning in this context. 23 Alphabet & Punctuation A B C D E F G H I J a b c d e f g h i j K L M N O P Q R S T k l m n o p q r s t U V X Y Z W u v x y z w Common Punctuation and Associated Letters A B ∙ b ⇓ ⇓ Comma 1 C D c d e ⇓ ⇓ Semicolon Colon Period 2 E 3 4 F G H I J f g h i j ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ Exclmtn Question Parentheses Point mark 6 ⇓ 7 8 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ Apostrophe Hyphen Open Bracket Open double quote Close double quote ' - ,7 8 0 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ Dash Close Bracket Open single quote Close single quote -- 7' ,8 0' 24 Sentences with More Complex Punctuation 8,i love my new home60 he exclaims2 8twelve nice big rooms60 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,jimmie 7a husky boy1 age twelve7 ate a huge apple pie4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,a girl wrote on a slate3 8,i love all animals1 wild or tame40 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 25 ',tis true1 ,johnny doesn't exploit all opportunities at college4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 8,if ,rufus sees ,8,hamlet10' ,i hope he'll take adequate notes10 wrote ,aunt ,lucy4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,all budget items ,7see report on fiscal policies7' presuppose rigid economy4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 26 ,8,he irritates me10' ,raymond wrote petulantly2 ,8he calls me 8ignorant hillbilly400' _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,let's hunt squirrel2 next 7if ,lady ,luck smiles71 we may get quail too4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 8,we'll visit ,alaska next ,july10 ,uncle ,william agrees2 8,new ,york is too hot40 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 27 ,grant 7victor at ,vicksburg7 drank liquor freely4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ,he sang an old1 old tune1 ,,sweet ,,rosie ,,o'grady4 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 28 Key to Sentences with More Complex Punctuation "I love my new home!" he exclaims; "twelve nice big rooms!" Jimmie (a husky boy, age twelve) ate a huge apple pie. A girl wrote on a slate: "I love all animals, wild or tame." 'Tis true, Johnny doesn't exploit all opportunities at college. "If Rufus sees 'Hamlet,' I hope he'll take adequate notes," wrote Aunt Lucy. All budget items [see report on fiscal policies] presuppose rigid economy. 'He irritates me,' Raymond wrote petulantly; 'he calls me "ignorant hillbilly."' Let's hunt squirrel; next (if Lady Luck smiles), we may get quail too. "We'll visit Alaska next July," Uncle William agrees; "New York is too hot." Grant (victor at Vicksburg) drank liquor freely. He sang an old, old tune, SWEET ROSIE O'GRADY. 29 Punctuation Listed by Name Sign Print accent sign apostrophe ’ asterisk/footnote * bracket (closing) ] bracket (opening) [ Braille Sign @ ' 99 7' ,7 Print guide dot hyphen - Braille " . italic sign (double) .. ; # italic sign (single) letter sign capital sign (double) ,, number sign capital sign (single) , parenthesis (closing) ) 7 @c 3 1 ---. "1 4 ''' 6 / parenthesis (opening) ( 7 percent sign % period . question mark ? quotation mark (double, opening) “ 8 quotation mark (double, closing) ” 0 quotation mark (single, opening) ‘ ,8 quotation mark (single, closing) ’ 0' semicolon ; slash / cent sign ¢ colon : comma , dash dash, double decimal point ditto sign dollar sign ellipsis exclamation point fraction line — —— . " $ … ! / — @3P 4 8 2 / Note: The number sign, capital sign, italic sign, accent sign, and letter sign are Braille "composition" signs and have no direct print equivalents. 30 Punctuation Listed by Dot Patterns Sign apostrophe ellipsis Print ’ … Braille ' ''' capital sign (single) , capital sign (double) ,, comma , guide dot ditto sign " accent sign semicolon ; letter sign hyphen dash dash, double colon cent sign asterisk/footnote fraction line — —— : ¢ * /— Sign Print slash / decimal point . italic sign (single) .. 4 4 6 8 dollar sign $ period . exclamation point ! question mark ? quotation mark (double, opening) “ 8 quotation mark (double, closing) ” 0 quotation mark (single, opening) ‘ ,8 quotation mark (single, closing) ’ 0' parenthesis (opening) ( 7 parenthesis (closing) ) 7 bracket (opening) [ bracket (closing) ] number sign percent sign 31 / . . italic sign (double) 1 " "1 @ 2 ; ---3 @c 99 / Braille % ,7 7' # @3P Braille Numbers In literary Braille, the numbers are based on the first ten letters of the Braille alphabet, preceded by the Braille number sign (dots 3-4-5-6). The letter "a" is one; "b" is two, etc. a = b = c = d = e = a b c d e 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = #a #b #c #d #e f = g = h = i = j = f g h i j 6 = 7 = 8 = 9 = 0 = #f #g #h #i #j Write the Braille numbers below on the adjacent lines. #ab ________________ #cch ________________ #bd ________________ #dfj ________________ #ci ________________ #ehb ________________ #df ________________ #fej ________________ #eh ________________ #gjj ________________ #fg ________________ #hhg ________________ #gb ________________ #ijd ________________ #hc ________________ #ajbc _______________ #ii ________________ #cieh _______________ #aje _______________ #efji _______________ #bef _______________ #gjhd ______________ 32 Advanced Braille Numbers Commas, hyphens, and colons may be used with numbers. Sometimes letters directly follow numbers; in which case, you use the letter sign (dots 5-6) before the letter. dots 3-4-5-6 Dollar Sign Letter Sign # ; dots 5-6 Fraction Line Decimal Point . dots 4-6 Percent Number Sign 1,000,000,000 = 408-996-6043 = 1958–95 = 12-31-99 8/13/58 = 4:00 p.m. = 6:15–7:45 = 9–10 a.m. Apt. 12c = Class 1A = 7-Up = .03 = 179.9 = $.15 = $64.79 = 1/2 = 33 1/3 = 50% = 25% = 4 / 3p dots 2-5-6 dots 3-4 dots 2-5 & dots 1-2-3-4 #∙1jjj1jjj1jjj #djh-iif-fjdc #∙ieh-ie #∙b-c∙-ii #h-∙c-eh #d3jj p4m4 #f3∙e-#g3de #i-∙j ∙4m4 ,∙pt4 #∙b;c ,cl∙ss #∙;,∙ #g-,up #.jc #∙gi.i 4#.∙e 4#fd.gi #∙/b #cc-∙/c #ej@3p #be@3p Note: In inclusive numbers, the number sign must be repeated if the units change. In the example 6–7 p.m. (#f-g p4m4), the units for hours surround the hyphen, so no additional number sign is required; in the example 6:15–7:45 a.m. (#f3ae-#g3de a4m4), the units touched by the hyphen are minutes (:15) and hours (7), so the number sign must be repeated. 33 Number Help Page Braille Numbers a = a 1 = #a f = f 6 = #f b = b 2 = #b g = g 7 = #g c = c 3 = #c h = h 8 = #h d = d 4 = #d i = i 9 = #i e = e 5 = #e j = j 0 = #j Symbols Used with Numbers Sign Braille Example dot 3 #'fj's '60's @c dot 4 & dots 1-4 #be@c 25¢ Colon 3 dots 2-5 #d3cj 4:30 Comma 1 dot 2 #c1jjj 3,000 Decimal Point . dots 4-6 #i.ii 9.99 Dollar Sign 4 dots 2-5-6 4#.ej $.50 Fraction Line / dots 3-4 #e-c/d 5 3/4 Hyphen - dots 3-6 #∙-b p4m4 1-2 p.m. Letter Sign ; dots 5-6 cl∙ss #∙;∙ class 1a Number Sign # dots 3-4-5-6 ,no4#∙ #1 Slash / dots 3-4 #i/∙j 9/10 dot 4 & dots 2-5 & dots 1-2-3-4 #hj@3p 80% Apostrophe Cent Sign Percent ' Dots @3p 34 Advanced Number Practice Write the Braille numbers below on the adjacent line. #a1jjj ____________ #b-a/h ______________ #eid _______________ #b/c ________________ #f-g-jb ___________ #a-a/b ______________ #aijj-ii _________ #ej@3p _______________ #a3cj a4m4 ______ #ajj@3p _____________ #e-g p4m4 ________ #fgh ________________ Room #e;,b _______ #a/aj _______________ #.je _______________ 4#b.ej ______________ #aj.i _____________ #dich _______________ 4#di.ie ___________ #e3jj _______________ 4#.be ______________ #adib ______________ #abc-de-fghi ____________________________ #b1iei1ghj1cdf _________________________ #a1jjj1jjj1jjj _________________________ #djh-iif-fjdc __________________________ #hca-eee-abab __________________________ 35 Number Keys Basic Number Key Advanced Number Key #ab 12 #cch 338 #a1jjj 1,000 #b-a/h 2 1/8 #bd 24 #dfj 460 #eid 594 #b/c 2/3 #ci 39 #ehb 582 #f-g-jb 6-7-02 #a-a/b 1 1/2 #df 46 #fej 650 #aijj-ii 1900-99 #ej@3p 50% #eh 58 #gjj 700 #a3cj a4m4 1:30 a.m. #ajj@3p 100% #fg 67 #hhg 887 #e-g p4m4 5-7 p.m. #fgh 678 #gb 72 #ijd 904 Room #e;,b room 5B #a/aj 1/10 #hc 83 #ajbc 1023 #.je .05 4#b.ej $2.50 #ii 99 #cieh 3958 #aj.i 10.9 #dich 4938 #aje 105 #efji 5609 4#di.ie $49.95 #e3jj 5:00 #bef 256 #gjhd 7084 4#.be $.25 #adib 1492 #abc-de-fghi 123-45-6789 #b1iei1ghj1cdf 2,959,780,346 #a1jjj1jjj1jjj 1,000,000,000 #djh-iif-fjdc 408-996-6043 #hca-eee-abab 831-555-1212 36
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