Name
Date
Chemical Bonds
Before You Read
Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
Before You
Read
Chemical Bonds
• The properties of a chemical compound are the
same as the properties of each element it contains.
• An atom can gain or lose electrons in its outer shell.
• Atoms can share electrons.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• The oxidation number is the number of oxygen
atoms in a molecule.
Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning of this chapter.
Science Journal
Describe what makes some chemical bonds more stable than others.
Accept all reasonable responses. Some students may understand that stability is
related to outer electron levels in atoms.
Chemical Bonds
215
Name
Date
Chemical Bonds
Section 1 Stability in Bonding
Predict four topics that might be discussed after reviewing the
objectives of Section 1. Accept all reasonable responses.
1. how a compound differs from the elements it contains
2. the significance of a chemical formula
3. the role of opposing electrical forces in compounds
4. causes for chemical bonding
Review
Vocabulary Define compound. Use your book for help.
compound
substance formed from two or more elements in which the exact
New
Vocabulary Define the following vocabulary terms. Use your book for help.
chemical formula
a formula that tells what elements and how many atoms of
each element are in a compound
chemical bond
the force that holds atoms together in a compound
Academic
Vocabulary Define unique. Use a dictionary for help. Then use the word in a
sentence that demonstrates its scientific meaning.
unique
being the only one; being without a like or equal
Accept all reasonable responses.
216
Chemical Bonds
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
combination and proportion of elements is always the same
Name
Date
Section 1 Stability in Bonding
Combined
Elements
I found this information
on page
.
SE, p. 552
RE, p. 312
(continued)
Evaluate why sodium chloride is not like the elements that form it.
Accept all reasonable responses. The elements that combine to
form sodium chloride are sodium and chlorine. Sodium is a shiny,
soft, silvery metal that reacts violently with water. Chlorine is a
greenish-yellow, poisonous gas. The compound is table salt.
Formulas
I found this information
on page
.
Complete the graphic organizer. Use the table in your book for
information.
Silicon dioxide
contains
SE, p. 553
RE, p. 313
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
one atom of
Chemical Bond
Formation
I found this information
on page
.
SE, pp. 554–556
RE, p. 314
silicon
and
of
two
atoms
oxygen
.
Summarize what can be learned about an element from its
electron dot diagram. Then draw an electron dot diagram of
lithium below your answer. Use the examples of electron dot
diagrams shown in your book for help.
An electron dot diagram shows the electrons in the outer energy
level of an atom.
Drawings should give the chemical symbol for lithium, Li, with
one dot above the symbol. Students may also draw the inner
orbit with two electrons. Explain that dot diagrams should
include only the outer electrons.
Chemical Bonds
217
Name
Date
Section 1 Stability in Bonding
Chemical Bond
Formation
I found this information
on page
.
SE, pp. 554–556
RE, pp. 314–316
(continued)
Create your own electron dot diagrams for sodium and chlorine.
Explain how both atoms could become more stable.
Sketches should show one
dot above the chemical
symbol for sodium (Na).
Sketches should show
seven dots around the
chemical symbol for
Chlorine (Cl).
Chlorine needs one more electron to fill its outer level and make
it stable. If sodium gives up its one outer electron, the next lower
level becomes the outer level and, since it is full, the atom
Complete the statements about chemical bonds.
When atoms
gain
,
lose
electrons, an attraction forms between the
them together to form a
, or
share
atoms
, pulling
compound . The attraction is called a
chemical bond . A chemical bond is the
force
that
holds atoms together in a compound .
CONNECT IT
Make an analogy between the sharing of electrons and the
completion of a jigsaw puzzle.
Accept all reasonable responses. Atoms may share, gain, or lose electrons in order to
complete their outer energy levels. This is similar to a jigsaw puzzle in that the pieces
fit together like sharing, gaining, or losing electrons.
218
Chemical Bonds
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
becomes stable.