ANTH 1100
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2
§
slidewords* Stenos Laws: 1. Principle of Superposition; 2. Principle of Original Horizontality; 3. Principal of original lateral continuity.
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§ Dorset Cliff sediments, England
slidewords* James Hutton 1788 “No vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end.”; Uniformitarianism,
§Beach sedimentary deposits
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§Beach sedimentary deposits
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§
slidewords*William Smith, 1790’s: The Law of Faunal Succession
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§
slidewords* Lyell, 1833; Principle of Geology
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§Geologcial column
slidewords* C. Lyell, 1833
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§ Geologic time epochs
slidewords*Holocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Miocene
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§
slidewords* International Stratigraphic Guide
4,500,000,000 years!?!?!?!?
Radiometric dating
§Back to the future
slidewords*Radiometric dating
You don’t
actually need
to know this
guy!
§
slidewords* William Thomson (Lord Kelvin); key in thermodynamic models of Earth age.
“I came into the room, which was half dark, and presently spotted Lord
Kelvin in the audience and realised that I was in for trouble at the last part of
the speech dealing with the age of the Earth, where my views conflicted with
his. To my relief Kelvin fell fast asleep, but as I came to the important point, I
saw the old bird sit up, open an eye, and cock a baleful glance at me.
Then a sudden inspiration came and I said Lord Kelvin had limited
the age of the Earth, provided no new source was discovered. That
prophetic utterance referred to what we are now considering
tonight,
radium!
Behold! the old boy
beamed upon me.” -Ernest Rutherford
§ Atomic bomb test
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Kelvin didn’t know
about radioactivity
Kelvin didn’t know about mantle
convection and plate tectonics: In
1895, John Perry produced an age of
Earth estimate of 2 to 3 billion years
old using a model of a convective
mantle and thin crust.
§
slidewords*Kelvin did’t know about mantle convection, plate tectonics, and radiation.
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§ Plate tectonics
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§
slidewords* Crust, Upper Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
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§ Earth core
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§
slidewords* Plate tectonics, Sea-floor spreading, Rift, Subduction
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§ Pacific plate, North American Plate
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§rift system
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§rift system
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§
slidewords* Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, Strike-Slip Fault
Depositional system; erosion; Deposition, Catchment, Floodplain
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§
slidewords* Depositional system; erosion; Deposition, Catchment, Floodplain
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§
slidewords* Depositional system; erosion; Deposition, Catchment, Floodplain
Fluvial
Lacustrine
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§
slidewords* Fluvial; Lacustrine
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§
slidewords* Headward erosion
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§
slidewords* Headward erosion
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§
slidewords* Headward erosion
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§
slidewords* erosion and deposition
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§
slidewords* Erosion and deposition
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§
slidewords* Gradient
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§
slidewords* talus cone
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§
slidewords* high gradient stream
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§
slidewords* erosion and deposition; braided stream
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§
slidewords*Alluvial fan
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§
slidewords* Oxbow lake
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§
slidewords* oxbow lake
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§
slidewords* delta deposit
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§ Mountain stream vs. Mississippi delta
slidewords* Suspended load
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§
slidewords* The stream capacity is the maximum load of sediment a stream can carry; Stream competence is the largest size material that a stream can move.
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§ Gravel, sand, silt, clay size chart
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§graded sedimentary beds
slidewords*Graded beds
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§ Geological strata
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§
slidewords* Pedogenic; Calcium Carbonate; Limestone
§ how are fossil made video
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