C
1. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below.
O
Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process?
P
C
Y
O
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
P
2. All life depends on the availability of usable energy. This
energy is released when
A) organisms convert solar energy into the chemical
energy found in food molecules
B) respiration occurs in the cells of producers and
high-energy molecules enter the atmosphere
C) cells carry out the process of respiration
D) animal cells synthesize starch and carbon dioxide
C
O
3. Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below. The diagram illustrates a process by
which energy is released in organisms.
P
D) 4
4. The production of energy-rich ATP molecules is the
direct result of
YA) recycling light energy to be used in the process of
photosynthesis
B) releasing the stored energy of organic
compounds by the process of respiration
C) breaking down starch by the process of digestion
D) copying coded information during the process of
protein synthesis
5. The diagram below represents a cell organelle involved
in the transfer of energy from organic compounds.
Y
The arrows in the diagram could represent the release of
A) ATP from a chloroplast carrying out photosynthesis
B) oxygen from a mitochondrion carrying out
photosynthesis
C) glucose from a chloroplast carrying out respiration
D) carbon dioxide from a mitochondrion carrying
out respiration
The energy released in this process was originally present 6. Which change in a sample of pond water could indicate
in
that microscopic animals are active?
A) sunlight and then transferred to sugar
A) increase in ozone level
B) sunlight and then transferred to oxygen
B) increase in glucose level
C) the oxygen and then transferred to sugar
C) decrease in oxygen level
D) the sugar and then transferred to oxygen
D) decrease in carbon dioxide level
C
7. Base your answer to the following question on The
graphs below show the changes in the relative
concentrations of two gases in the air surrounding a
group of mice.
C
10. Base your answer to the following question on the
chemical reactions below and on your knowledge of
biology.
O
P
Which process in the mice most likely accounts for the
C
Y
changes shown?
A) active transport
C) respiration
O
B) evaporation
D) photosynthesis
8. Which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a
process that occurs continuously in the cells of
organisms?
P
A) removal of oxygen from the cells of an organism
B) conversion of light energy into the chemical bond
energy of organic molecules
C) transport of materials within cells and throughout
the bodies of multicellular organisms
D) changing of stored chemical energy in food
molecules to a form usable by organisms
What is the chemical compound represented by letter J?
A) a protease
C) ATP
B) a polysaccharide
D) ADP
11. In the diagram of a cell shown below, which number
indicates the structure in which most of the enzymes
involved in aerobic cellular respiration function?
Y
C
9. The diagram below represents part of the process of
cellular respiration.
O
A) 1
P
A)
B)
C)
D)
C
step 1, only
step 2, only
both step 1 and step 2
neither step 1 nor step 2
C) 3
D) 4
12. Which process produces the greatest quantity of ATP
per molecule of glucose oxidized?
Y
Energy is released and made available for metabolic
activities at
B) 2
A)
B)
C)
D)
aerobic respiration
lactic acid production
photosynthesis
fermentation
13. Base your answer to the following question on The
diagram below shows a sequence of events that often
occurs in human muscle cells.
C
O
P
C
Y
O
P
The substance represented by letter X is most likely
A) hemoglobin
C) ethyl alcohol
B) glycogen
D) lactic acid
14. In a laboratory culture of yeast, it may be concluded
that fermentation has occurred if chemical tests indicate
the production of
Y
CA) carbon dioxide and water
B) PGAL and nitrates
C) oxygen and ATP
D) ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
O
15. Which metabolic process is responsible for the muscle
fatigue and cramping an athlete may experience after
running a race?
P
A)
B)
C)
D)
alcoholic fermentation
dehydration synthesis
lactic acid fermentation
aerobic respiration
16. The presence of lactic acid in the cells of an animal's
muscle tissue is an indication that the
A) animal is not adapted to the use of glucose
B) number of mitochondria in the muscle cells has
increased
C) animal carries on a complex form of respiration
during daylight hours
D) muscle cells have been active during a period of
oxygen deficiency
C
Y
17. Base your answer to the following question on Which phrase, if placed in box X, would correctly complete
the flowchart shown below?
C
A)
B)
C)
D)
O
Increased use of starch in root cells
Increased concentration of glucose in leaf cells
Decreased ATP in root cells
Decreased concentration of oxygen in leaf cells
P
18. Plant cells can synthesize energy-rich organic
molecules, and later break them down to extract that
energy for performing life processes. These activities
require direct interaction between the
C
A)
B)
C)
D)
Y
O
chloroplasts and vacuoles
cell walls and ribosomes
chloroplasts and mitochondria
ribosomes and mitochondria
P
Base your answers to questions 19 and 20 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge
of biology.
Y
C
A small water plant (elodea) was placed in bright sunlight for five hours as indicated below. Bubbles of
oxygen gas were observed being released from the plant.
O
P
Y
19. What substance did the plant most likely absorb from the water in order to produce the oxygen gas?
A) dissolved nitrogen
C) an enzyme
B) carbon dioxide
D) a hormone
20. The bubbles of oxygen indicate that the plant is
A) producing sugar
C) releasing energy from water
C
B) making protein
D) carrying on active transport
21. Much of the carbon dioxide produced by green plants is
not excreted as a metabolic waste because it
C
A)
B)
C)
D)
can be used for photosynthesis
is too large to pass through cell membranes
is needed for cellular respiration
can be used for the creation of proteins
25. Eating a sweet potato provides energy for human
metabolic processes. Which is the original source of
this energy?
A)
B)
C)
D)
O
P
22. Base your answer to the following question on The
green aquatic plant represented in the diagram below
was exposed to light for several hours.
C
protein molecules stored within the potato
starch molecules absorbed by the potato plant
the sun through photosynthesis
vitamins and minerals found in the soil
26. One immediate cause of a decrease in the rate of
photosynthesis is a reduction in the availability of
carbon dioxide
Y A)
C) hydrogen
B) carbon monoxide
D) nitrogen
27. Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic
nutrition in maple trees?
O
P
A) nitrogen
C) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
D) methane
Which gas would most likely be found in the greatest
amount in the bubbles?
28. Which substances must a green plant obtain from its
environment to carry on photosynthesis?
A) oxygen
C) ozone
glucose and water
Y A)
B) oxygen and chlorophyll
B) nitrogen
D) carbon dioxide
23. Plants in areas with short growing seasons often have
more chloroplasts in their cells than plants in areas with
longer growing seasons. Compared to plants in areas
with longer growing seasons, plants in areas with
shorter growing seasons most likely
C
A)
B)
C)
D)
O
make and store food more quickly
have a higher rate of protein metabolism
grow taller
have a different method of respiration
29. Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and
carbon dioxide into molecules of
A)
B)
C)
D)
P
24. Leaves of green plants contain openings known as
stomates, which are opened and closed by specialized
cells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf and
the outside environment. Which phrase best represents
the net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis into
and out of the leaf through these openings on a sunny
day?
A) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out
B) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves
out
C) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves out
D) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves
out
C
C) carbon dioxide and water
D) carbon dioxide and oxygen
carbohydrate and oxygen
carbohydrate and nitrogen
polypeptide and oxygen
polypeptide and nitrogen
30. Over a 24-hour period, which factor would have the least effect upon the rate of photosynthesis in a
geranium plant?
Y
A)
B)
C)
D)
concentration of carbon dioxide in the air
quantity of nitrates in the soil
wavelengths of light
availability of water in the soil