Chemistry
Campbell
1
Which one would float on water?
– Ice cube
– Glass marble
– Mercury
2
Which is the biggest in size?
– Proton
– Quark
– Cell
– Atom
3
Which of the following elements is a metal?
Na
S
I
Cl
4
Which unit would you use to measure the
volume of a raindrop?
– Gallon
– Milliliter
– Liter
– Quart
5
What is 0.0006 in scientific notation?
– 6 x 10-4
– 6 x 10-3
– 6 x 104
– 6 x 103
6
Which is the most accurate piece of
glassware for measuring volume?
– Beaker
– Graduated cylinder
– Flask
7
What is the common name for dihydrogen
monoxide?
– Hydrogen peroxide
– Alcohol
– Sugar
– Water
8
How many meters are in a kilometer?
–1
– 10
– 100
– 1000
9
Which of the following is a mixture?
– Air
– Water
– Dry ice
– Alcohol
10
What unit would you use to label the mass
of a paperclip?
– kg
– mg
–g
– cg
Unit 1
Chemistry Basics
Scientific Notation
Examples Problems:
– Write 60002 in scientific notation.
– Write 0.0354 in scientific notation.
Describing Matter
Matter:
– Anything that has a mass and takes up space
Volume:
– Amount of space an object occupies
Mass:
– Amount of matter in an object
– Does not change due to gravity
Length:
– Distance from one point to another
Units for Measuring
Volume
Liters (L)
Milliliters (mL)
Cubic
centimeters (cm3)
or cc
Units for Measuring
Length
Meters (m)
Centimeters
(cm)
millimeters
(mm)
Kilometers
(km)
Units for Measuring
Mass
Grams (g)
Milligrams (mg)
Kilograms (kg)
SI System
Standard International or Metric System
Accepted units for measuring all around
the world
Needed so that anyone can understand
and interpret data
More accurate or precise?
Does not use fractions when reporting
measurements.
How to Measure…
Give all measurements one place
FURTHER then the device reads.
Example: If a scale is reading 20.1 grams,
you could say 20.10 grams.
Measuring: Significant Figures
Question: Is there a difference between
these two numbers?
0.001 and 0.0010
Yes! 0.001 has 1 significant figure and 0.0010
has 2 significant figures
What is a Significant Figure?
When measuring, include all certain digits
plus ONE doubtful digit.
SI System
50 mL
40 mL
30 mL
20 mL
Graduated Cylinder
1. What are the
increments?
2. Are we measuring
volume, mass or
length?
3. What unit are we
using?
4. Record the volume.
5. How certain are you?
SI System
Give all measurements one place
FURTHER then the device reads
0 mm
0 mm
10mm
10mm
20 mm
20 mm
30 mm
30 mm
40 mm
40 mm
50 mm
50 mm
Sig Fig Rules
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1) All nonzero digits are significant.
0.1234,
32.54, and 6547
all have 4 sig. fig’s
2) Zeros between nonzero digits are significant.
all have 4 sig. fig’s
2005, 30.92, 1.004, and 23.01
3) Zeros beyond the decimal pt. at the end of a number are significant. (trailing
zeros)
42.00, 1.900, and 4.020
all have 4 sig. fig’s
4) Leading zeros are not significant
0.67, 0.0032, and 0.0000000097
all have 2 sig. fig’s
5) Zeros at the end of a number and before the decimal point are not significant.
2200, 480, 11,000 all have 2 sig. fig’s
Practice
How many sig figs are in the following
measurements?
1) 234
_________
2) 34.56 _________
3) 1.0980 _________
4) 34.50 _________
5) 0.17
_________
6) 0.12090 _________
7) 3020 _________
More Practice. Round to the #
Indicated.
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1)
2)
3)
4)
23.4456 (4)_________
54.0167 (3)_________
4.674 (1) _________
3245 (4)
_________
3245 (3) _________
3245 (2)
_________
3245 (1) _________
Rounding Sig Figs
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Try rounding 6000 to
4, 3, 2, and 1 significant figure(s).
6000 (4)
6000 (3)
6000 (2)
6000 (1)
_________
_________
_________
_________
Math Operations

Your answer cannot have more sig figs than
the number with the LEAST sig figs in the
problem.

Example: The mass of a marble is 1.0g. The
volume of that marble is 2.35mL. What is the
density (D= m/v)?