Name: ________________________ Date: __________
Chapter 3 Practice Test
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____
1. A change that produces one or more new substances is called a physical change.
_________________________
____
2. A liquid does not have a definite shape, but it does have a definite volume. _________________________
____
3. Particles in a liquid move around just as freely as particles in a solid. _________________________
____
4. When the temperature is constant, the volume of a gas will decrease as the pressure decreases.
_________________________
____
5. In a rigid container, as the temperature of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas will decrease.
_________________________
____
6. In a flexible container, when the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will increase.
_________________________
____
7. The type of graph that results when the volume of a gas is measured as its pressure is changed (at constant
temperature) is a straight line. _________________________
____
8. A substance becomes cooler when it absorbs thermal energy. _________________________
____
9. Condensation, the change of state from a liquid to a solid, is the reverse of melting.
_________________________
____ 10. Sublimation occurs when particles on the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to become a gas.
_________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
11. A solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture is a(an) ____________________.
12. A cake rises as it bakes because a chemical change causes ____________________ to be produced.
13. When a metal changes color because it has been heated, a(an) ____________________ change occurred.
When a metal changes color because it has reacted with another substance, a(an) ____________________
change occurred.
14. During a(an) ____________________ change, the system releases energy to its surroundings.
15. A(An) ____________________ change occurs when a material changes shape or size but the composition of
the material does not change.
16. ____________________ properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are
changing into different substances.
17. Changes in state are examples of ____________________ changes.
18. A(an) ____________________ has a definite volume and a definite shape.
1
19. The shape of a material remains constant when it is moved from one container to another. This material is
a(an) ____________________.
20. The ____________________ theory of matter states that all particles of matter are in constant motion.
21. ____________________ between the particles of a gas and the walls of the container cause pressure in a
closed container of gas.
22. The pascal is the SI unit for ____________________.
23. Reducing the volume of a gas ____________________ its pressure if the ____________________ of the gas
and the number of particles are constant.
24. The combined gas law describes the relationship among the ____________________,
____________________, and ____________________ of a gas when the number of particles is constant.
25. If you are using Charles’s law to find the volume of a gas at a certain temperature, the temperature must be
expressed in ____________________.
26. The phase change that is the reverse of deposition is ____________________.
27. At sea level, water ____________________ at 100°C.
28. Evaporation is the process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the
substance’s ____________________ point.
29. The common state of matter that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume is a(n)
____________________.
30. As described by Charles’s law, whenever the temperature of a gas at constant pressure decreases, the volume
____________________.
31. In a ____________________, the particles are packed closely together but they can move past one another
freely.
32. If a gas in a rigid container is cooled, the number of collisions of gas particles against the container walls
____________________.
33. If a gas-filled balloon is placed in a freezer, the volume of the balloon will ____________________.
34. In a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas, the unit of
measurement for ____________________ could be kelvins.
35. Sublimation is the change of a solid directly into a ____________________.
Short Answer
36. Give an example of a physical change that can be reversed and an example of a physical change that cannot
be reversed.
.
37. Is flammability a physical property or a chemical property? Explain your answer.
.
2
38. What are three common clues that a chemical change has occurred?
.
39. How is a chemical change different from a physical change?
.
40. Solid, liquid, and gas are three states of matter.What are two other states of matter, and under what
conditions do they exist?
.
41. Why is the volume of a liquid constant?
.
42. If you push on the sides of a filled balloon, how does the gas pressure inside the balloon change? What
variable did you decrease to cause this change in pressure?
.
43. If a gas has a volume of 2 L at a pressure of 400 kPa, what volume would it have when the pressure is
increased to 800 kPa? Assume the temperature and number of particles are constant.
.
44. If gas in a sealed container has a volume of 10 L at 200 K, what will the volume be if the temperature rises to
500 K?
.
45. What two phase changes occur between solid water and liquid water, and at what temperature does each
phase change take place?
.
46. Explain why boiling water in a large pot on a stove has a temperature of 100°C even if it has been boiling for
an hour.
.
47. Describe what happens to the average kinetic energy of water molecules as water freezes.
.
48. Describe what happens to the arrangement of water molecules as ice melts.
.
3
49. Classify each of the three states modeled in the diagram as gas, liquid, or solid.
50. Which of the three states modeled would not have a definite volume or a definite shape? Explain.
.
51. In which state modeled are the particles least able to move? How does the figure provide that information?
.
52. Which figure models a substance with a definite volume but not a definite shape?
.
53. If each substance modeled in the diagram were removed from its container, which state would be most
affected? Explain.
.
54. What pattern in the behavior of gases is shown from Step 1 through Step 3 of the figure?
.
55. What is the name of the scientific law illustrated by this diagram? Summarize that law.
.
4
56. Explain what would happen in Step 2 if the cylinder was heated while the plunger was held steady.
.
57. Predict what would happen to the volume of the gas if the pressure in Step 3 was increased to 800 kPa.
.
58. Describe how water can change from a liquid to a vapor at temperatures lower than its boiling point.
.
59. Suppose you want to separate the leaves, acorns, and twigs from a pile of soil. Filtration and distillation are
two processes of separating mixtures. Explain which process you would use and why.
.
60. Suppose you buy some inflated party balloons that are at room temperature (about 20°C). What will happen
to those balloons if you take them outside on a very cold day? Explain.
.
61. A truck driver checks the air pressure in a truck’s tires before a long trip on a hot day and finds the pressure
is correct. After six hours of driving, the driver finds that the tire pressure has increased so much that air must
be let out. Explain why the change in pressure occurred and why the driver let out some air.
.
Figure 3-2
62. Identify all phase changes in Figure 3-2.
.
63. Explain why the phase changes in Figure 3-2 are shown in pairs.
.
5
64. Use the terms in Figure 3-2 to compare the phase changes that occur when water vapor changes to dew or
frost.
.
65. What three phase changes in Figure 3-2 are exothermic?
Figure 3-3
66. In Figure 3-3, what is the unit used for pressure? What is the pressure when the volume is 2.0 L? What is the
volume when the pressure is 200 kPa?
.
67. In Figure 3-3, what is the manipulated variable, and what is the responding variable?
.
68. What would happen to the gas pressure in Figure 3-3 if the volume of the cylinder remained constant and
temperature was the manipulated variable?
.
69. Based on Figure 3-3, compare the collisions between particles of gas and the walls of a container when the
volume of gas is 1.0 L and when the volume is 2.0 L. Assume the number of particles does not change.
Explain any differences in collisions.
.
70. In Figure 3-3, if P1 is 200 kPa and P2 is 50 kPa, what are V1 and V2?
6
ID: A
Chapter 3 Practice Test
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: F, chemical
PTS:
NOT:
2. ANS:
OBJ:
NOT:
3. ANS:
1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 1.1.3
Physical Ch. 1.1.3—Distinguish between chemical and physical changes of matter.
T
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid
Physical Ch. 2.1.1
Physical Ch. 2.1.1—Define and differentiate solids, liquids, and gases in terms of shape and volume.
F, more freely than
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.2—Compare the particle motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
4. ANS: F, increase
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.1—Define the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas and state Boyle's
law.
5. ANS: T
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid
OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.2—Define the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas.
6. ANS: T
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid
OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.3
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.3—Define the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas and state
Charles's law.
7. ANS: F, curve
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.3.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.3.1—Construct and interpret graphs for Charles's and Boyle's laws.
8. ANS: F, warmer
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.4.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.4.1—Explain that thermal energy always flows from a warmer substance to a cooler
substance.
9. ANS: F, Freezing
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.4.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.4.2—Identify examples of changes in state, and explain how thermal energy is
involved in each example.
1
ID: A
10. ANS: F, Evaporation
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.4.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.4.2—Identify examples of changes in state, and explain how thermal energy is
involved in each example.
COMPLETION
11. ANS: precipitate
PTS: 1
12. ANS:
a gas
carbon dioxide
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 2.3.2
PTS: 1
DIF:
13. ANS: physical, chemical
L1
OBJ: 2.3.2
PTS: 1
14. ANS: exothermic
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 2.3.3
PTS: 1
15. ANS: physical
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 3.3.5
PTS: 1
16. ANS: Chemical
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 2.2.5
PTS: 1
17. ANS: physical
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 2.3.1
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 1.1.3
NOT: Physical Ch. 1.1.3—Distinguish between chemical and physical changes of matter.
18. ANS: solid
PTS: 1
19. ANS: solid
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 3.1.1
PTS: 1
20. ANS: kinetic
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 3.1.2
PTS: 1
21. ANS: Collisions
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 3.1.3
PTS: 1
22. ANS: pressure
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 3.2.1
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.2.1
PTS: 1
2
ID: A
23. ANS: increases, temperature
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
24. ANS: temperature, volume, pressure
OBJ: 3.2.2
PTS: 1
25. ANS: kelvins
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.2.4
PTS: 1
26. ANS: sublimation
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 3.2.5
PTS: 1
27. ANS: boils
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.3.1
PTS: 1
28. ANS: boiling
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.3.2
PTS: 1
29. ANS: gas
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.3.4
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.1—Define and differentiate solids, liquids, and gases in terms of shape and volume.
30. ANS: decreases
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.3
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.3—Define the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas and state
Charles's law.
31. ANS: liquid
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.2—Compare the particle motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
32. ANS: decreases
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.2—Define the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas.
33. ANS: decrease
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.3
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.3—Define the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas and state
Charles's law.
34. ANS: temperature
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.3.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.3.1—Construct and interpret graphs for Charles's and Boyle's laws.
3
ID: A
35. ANS: gas
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.4.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.4.2—Identify examples of changes in state, and explain how thermal energy is
involved in each example.
SHORT ANSWER
36. ANS:
For a physical change that can be reversed, accept any of the following: freezing water, melting ice, braiding
hair, wrinkling clothes. For a physical change that cannot be reversed, accept any of the following: cutting
hair, slicing a tomato, peeling an orange.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 2.2.5
37. ANS:
A chemical property; the composition of a material changes when it burns.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 2.3.1
38. ANS:
a change in color, the production of a gas, and the formation of a precipitate
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 2.3.2
39. ANS:
A chemical change involves a change in the composition of matter. During a physical change, the
composition of matter does not change.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 2.3.3
40. ANS:
Plasma exists at extremely high temperatures, and a Bose-Einstein condensate exists at extremely low
temperatures.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.1.1
41. ANS:
The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.1.3
42. ANS:
The gas pressure increased because the volume of the gas was decreased.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
43. ANS:
The new volume would be 0.5 L.
OBJ: 3.2.3
PTS: 1
44. ANS:
.
DIF:
L1
OBJ: 3.2.5
PTS: 1
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.2.5
4
ID: A
45. ANS:
Melting and freezing are the two phase changes that occur between solid water and liquid water, and they
both take place at 0°C.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.3.1
46. ANS:
A phase change is taking place as water boils and changes from a liquid to water vapor. The temperature of a
substance does not change during a phase change.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.3.2
47. ANS:
As water freezes, it releases energy to its surroundings, and the average kinetic energy of the water molecules
decreases.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.3.3
48. ANS:
At the melting point of water, some molecules gain enough energy to move from their fixed positions.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.3.3
49. ANS:
State A is a solid, state B is a liquid, and state C is a gas.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.2—Compare the particle motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
50. ANS:
State C. The particles are shown to be moving freely, fast, and far apart from one another, which is
characteristic of a gas. A gas does not have a definite volume or shape.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.1—Define and differentiate solids, liquids, and gases in terms of shape and volume.
51. ANS:
In state A, a solid. The figure shows that the particles are arranged in a pattern in definite, fixed positions,
which means they can vibrate but not move around one another.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.2—Compare the particle motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
52. ANS:
State B, a liquid
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.2—Compare the particle motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
53. ANS:
State C. It is a gas, so its particles would spread farther apart than the particles of either the solid or the
liquid.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.1.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.1.2—Compare the particle motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
5
ID: A
54. ANS:
The figure shows that the volume and pressure of a gas are related, and that as the volume of a gas decreases,
its pressure increases.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.1—Define the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas and state Boyle's
law.
55. ANS:
Boyle’s law. Boyle’s law states that when the pressure of a gas increases at constant temperature, its volume
decreases; when the pressure of a gas decreases, its volume increases.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.1—Define the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas and state Boyle's
law.
56. ANS:
If the cylinder was heated, the temperature of the gas would increase. With the plunger held steady, the
volume of the gas would remain constant. Under those conditions (increasing temperature and constant
volume), the pressure of the gas would increase.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.2—Define the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas.
57. ANS:
The volume would decrease to 0.125 liter.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.1
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.1—Define the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas and state Boyle's
law.
ESSAY
58. ANS:
Water can evaporate at temperatures lower than its boiling point. Evaporation can take place at the surface of
water because some water molecules are moving fast enough to escape the liquid and become water vapor.
The higher the temperature is, the faster the water molecules move, on average, and the faster evaporation
takes place.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.3.4
59. ANS:
Filtration would be used because it is the process of separating mixtures based on the size of their particles
(or pieces). A screen could be used to separate the mixture. The holes in the screen would need to be large
enough to allow the soil to pass through but not the leaves, acorn, or twigs.
PTS: 1
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 2.2.4
6
ID: A
60. ANS:
The balloons will decrease in volume. Charles’s law predicts this change. Charles’s law states that when the
temperature of a gas decreases at constant pressure, its volume also decreases.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2=Low/Mid OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.3
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.3—Define the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas and state
Charles's law.
61. ANS:
In hot weather, the temperature of tires can greatly increase during a long trip. Tires are not very flexible, so
their volume cannot change much. When the temperature of a gas (air in the tires) increases at constant
volume, the pressure of the gas increases, too. The driver lets air out of the tires to decrease the pressure and
prevent the tires from exploding.
PTS: 1
DIF: 3=Mid/High OBJ: Physical Ch. 2.2.2
NOT: Physical Ch. 2.2.2—Define the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas.
OTHER
62. ANS:
a. vaporization, b. melting, c. freezing
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.3.1
63. ANS:
Each pair represents the opposing endothermic and exothermic changes that occur between the same two
states of matter.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.3.1
64. ANS:
Water vapor is a gas. The phase change from water to liquid dew is called condensation. The phase change
from water vapor to solid frost is called deposition.
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
65. ANS:
melting, vaporization, and sublimation
OBJ: 3.3.4
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
66. ANS:
the kilopascal; 200 kPa; 100 kPa
OBJ: 3.3.5
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.2.2
67. ANS:
Volume is the manipulated variable. Pressure is the responding variable.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.2.2
68. ANS:
The pressure would increase as the temperature increased.
PTS: 1
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.2.3
7
ID: A
69. ANS:
The number of collisions will increase when the volume is reduced from 2.0 L to 1.0 L because the same
number of particles occupies a smaller space and will collide more often with the walls of the container.
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
70. ANS:
V1 is 0.5 L, and V2 is 2.0 L.
PTS: 1
DIF:
L2
OBJ: 3.2.3
OBJ: 3.2.4
8