India
Goods Imports: CIF, by origin
Goods Exports: FOB, by last known destination
Trade System: General
Overview:
In 2013, the value of merchandise exports of India increased substantially by 16.2 percent to reach 336.6 bln US$, while its merchandise
imports decreased slightly by 4.7 percent to reach 466.0 bln US$ (see graph 1, table 2 and table 3). The merchandise trade balance recorded
a deficit of 129.4 bln US$ which was the smallest since 2009 (see graph 1). The largest merchandise trade balance was with MDG Western
Asia at -65.1 bln US$ (see graph 4). Merchandise exports in India were diversified amongst partners; imports were also diversified. The top
30 partners accounted for 80 percent or more of exports and 23 partners accounted for 80 percent or more of imports (see graph 5). In 2012,
the value of exports of services of India increased moderately by 5.3 percent, reaching 146.1 bln US$, while its imports of services increased
slightly by 3.3 percent and reached 128.8 bln US$ (see graph 2). There was a trade in services surplus of 17.3 bln US$, up from the trade in
services surplus of 14.0 bln US$ in 2011.
Graph 1: Total merchandise trade, by value
Graph 2: Total services trade, by value
(Bln US$ by year)
(Bln US$ by year)
Exports
500
Imports
Trade Balance
Exports
150
Imports
Trade Balance
400
100
300
200
50
100
(na)
0
0
(na)
−100
−50
−200
−300
−100
−400
Exports Profile:
"Goods classified chiefly by material" (SITC section 6), "mineral fuels,
lubricants" (SITC section 3) and "machinery and transport equipment"
(SITC section 7) were the largest commodity groups for exports in 2013
representing respectively 24.7, 20.7 and 13.7 percent of exported goods
(see table 2). From 2011 to 2013, the largest export commodity was
"petroleum oils, other than crude" (HS code 2710) (see table 1). The top
three destinations for merchandise exports were the United States, the
United Arab Emirates and China, accounting for respectively 12.1, 11.5
and 5.2 percent of total exports. "Computer and information services"
(EBOPS code 262) accounted for the largest share of exports of services
in 2012 at 49.3 bln US$, followed by "Other business services" (EBOPS
code 268) at 45.9 bln US$ and "Travel" (EBOPS code 236) at 18.0 bln US$
(see graph 3). India was the largest exporter worldwide of "computer
and information services" in 2012.
13
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
20
13
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
20
20
20
01
−150
00
−500
Graph 3: Exports of services by EBOPS category
(% share in 2012)
Other business
( 31.4 %)
Computer &
information ( 33.7 %)
Travel ( 12.3 %)
Remaining ( 10.6 %)
Transportation
( 12.0 %)
Table 1: Top 10 export commodities 2011 to 2013
Value (million US$)
Unit value
4-digit heading of Harmonized System 2007
2011
2012
2013
2011 2012 2013
Unit
All Commodities............................................................................................................ 301 483.3 289 564.8 336 611.4
2710 Petroleum oils, other than crude................................................................................... 54 611.1 52 763.9 67 075.2 0.9 0.9
US$/kg
7102 Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set......................................... 32 224.7 22 353.5 28 952.1 457.1 367.2
US$/carat
7113 Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of precious metal........................................... 14 381.8 18 201.6 10 603.3 0.2 25.3
thsd US$/kg
3004 Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 30.02, 30.05 or 30.06)..............................
US$/kg
7 003.4
8 404.5 10 314.0 18.1 26.1 26.4
9999 Commodities not specified according to kind............................................................... 13 865.6
2 527.2
5 013.6
1006 Rice................................................................................................................................
US$/kg
4 073.3
6 128.0
8 169.5 0.8 0.6 0.7
8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport...............
3 624.9
4 238.2
5 556.5 4.4 2.1 5.5 thsd US$/unit
8517 Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy............................................
4 539.0
3 810.5
3 444.6
5201 Cotton, not carded or combed.......................................................................................
US$/kg
3 389.0
3 647.1
4 513.4 1.8 1.9 1.9
1302 Vegetable saps and extracts; pectic substances..........................................................
US$/kg
2 124.7
6 414.7
2 915.8 3.2 9.9 4.2
HS
code
Source: UN Comtrade and UN ServiceTrade
SITC
code
334
667
897
542
931
042
781
764
263
292
India
Services Imports and Exports: EBOPS 2002 categories
Table 2: Merchandise exports by SITC
Table 3: Merchandise imports by SITC
(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
Avg. Growth rates
2009-2013 2012-2013
16.2
24.8
-14.2
27.9
14.3
23.6
16.0
-9.8
183.3
100.0
10.4
5.1
20.7
11.7
24.7
13.7
11.6
2.2
466 045.6
6 537.0
34 834.5
184 172.4
44 567.4
57 111.1
75 906.3
13 693.3
49 223.6
(Bln US$ by MDG Regions in 2013)
Trade balance
Graph 6: Imports of services by EBOPS category
(% share in 2012)
Other business
( 23.2 %)
Travel ( 9.6 %)
Remaining ( 20.3 %)
Exports
(Herfindahl Index = 0.041)
Top
partner
10
80
60
40
20
20
40
0%
25 th
%
25 th
%
20 th
%
20 th
%
15 th
0%
15 th
%
10 th
%
10 th
%
5 th
%
5 th
10
60
40
20
0
0
0
−2
0
−4
0
−6
00
−8
20
−1
40
−1
100.0
1.4
7.5
39.5
9.6
12.3
16.3
2.9
10.6
Imports
(Herfindahl Index = 0.042)
Top
partner
Transportation
( 46.9 %)
-4.7
1.9
-5.2
-0.8
0.1
5.9
-3.9
-24.2
-23.8
(Cumulative share by ranked partners in 2013)
Exports
Developed Asia−Pacific
Developed Europe
Developed N. America
South−eastern Europe
CIS
Northern Africa
Sub−Saharan Africa
Latin Am, Caribbean
Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
South−eastern Asia
Western Asia
Oceania
−1
15.0
6.8
19.8
22.2
13.1
10.9
6.9
8.7
14.3
SITC
Code
Description
Total All commodities
0+1 Food, animals + beverages, tobacco
2+4 Crude materials + anim. & veg. oils
3 Mineral fuels, lubricants
5 Chemicals
6 Goods classified chiefly by material
7 Machinery and transport equipment
8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles
9 Not classified elsewhere in the SITC
2013
share
Graph 5: Partner concentration of merchandise trade
Graph 4: Merchandise trade balance
Imports
Avg. Growth rates
2009-2013 2012-2013
2013
60
17.5
28.1
12.8
30.5
20.8
17.3
14.3
5.1
-1.5
SITC
Total
0+1
2+4
3
5
6
7
8
9
80
336 611.4
34 890.1
17 172.8
69 567.1
39 430.1
83 031.6
46 100.0
38 937.3
7 482.3
2013
share
0%
2013
80
SITC
Total
0+1
2+4
3
5
6
7
8
9
SITC Legend
Imports Profile:
"Mineral fuels, lubricants" (SITC section 3), "machinery and transport
equipment" (SITC section 7) and "goods classified chiefly by material" (SITC
section 6) were the largest commodity groups for imports in 2013
representing respectively 39.5, 16.3 and 12.3 percent of imported goods
(see table 3). From 2011 to 2013, the largest import commodity was
"petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude" (HS
code 2709) (see table 4). Although much less than 2012, India was still the
largest importer of “gold (including gold plated with platinum)” (HS code
7108). The top three partners for merchandise imports were China, the
United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, accounting for respectively 11.4,
7.5 and 6.9 percent of total imports. "Transportation" (EBOPS code 205)
accounted for the largest share of imports of services in 2012 at 60.4 bln
US$, followed by "Other business services" (EBOPS code 268) at 29.9 bln
US$ and "Travel" (EBOPS code 236) at 12.3 bln US$ (see graph 6).
Table 4: Top 10 import commodities 2011 to 2013
Value (million US$)
Unit value
SITC
4-digit heading of Harmonized System 2007
code
2011
2012
2013
2011 2012 2013
Unit
All Commodities............................................................................................................ 462 402.8 488 976.4 466 045.6
2709 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude............................. 122 125.5 148 757.0 148 046.7 0.8 0.8 0.8
US$/kg
333
7108 Gold (including gold plated with platinum)................................................................... 53 685.5 52 606.8 37 711.8 49.6 53.5 45.1 thsd US$/kg 971
7102 Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set......................................... 33 287.6 20 882.5 22 649.6 193.3 146.5
US$/carat
667
2701 Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal.................... 14 623.2 15 148.0 14 931.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
US$/kg
321
2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons...................................................... 11 023.8 14 006.9 14 272.7 0.6 0.7 0.7
US$/kg
343
9999 Commodities not specified according to kind............................................................... 11 687.1 12 031.3 11 504.7
931
8517 Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy............................................ 10 988.8
764
9 586.9 10 916.4
1511 Palm oil and its fractions...............................................................................................
US$/kg
422
6 739.9
7 896.4
6 966.8 1.1 1.0 0.8
2603 Copper ores and concentrates.......................................................................................
US$/kg
283
5 283.7
4 884.5
7 443.4 2.7 2.5 2.5
2710 Petroleum oils, other than crude...................................................................................
US$/kg
334
7 353.3
5 172.4
4 419.4 1.0 1.0
HS
code
Source: UN Comtrade and UN ServiceTrade