Bell Work
1.  Which of the following leaders supported the
establishment of Clemson College?
A. Wade Hampton
B. Robert Manning
C. Benjamin Tillman
D. Robert Cooper
Answer: C
2. Prohibition is the illegalization of?
A. suffrage
B. alcohol
C. slavery
D.  Child labor
Answer: B
Civil Rights Movement 8-7.2
The Fight for Equality
Agenda
Notes/Discussion:
Key Focus:
o  Civil Rights Movement
Student Group Activity: Using informational
text to analyze the movement for civil rights
in South Carolina
Closure: Q & A using whiteboards
Independent Practice:
Focus Statement
8-7.2
Analyze the movement for
civil rights in South Carolina.
Civil Rights Movement Defined
o 
The Civil Rights Movement was a struggle by
African Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to
achieve Civil Rights equal to those of whites,
including equal opportunity in employment, housing,
and education, as well as the right to vote, the right
of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be
free of RACIAL DISCRIMINATION. No social or
political movement of the twentieth century has had
as profound an effect on the legal and political
institutions of the United States
Life for African Americans in the South
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De jure segregation – legal segregation through
written laws
Jim Crow laws – designed to separate blacks
and whites
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 – “separate but equal”
Segregation of beaches, cemeteries, hospitals,
restaurants, schools, transportation, and more
Disenfranchised – few could vote – grandfather
clauses, literacy tests, poll taxes
I. Why Did the Civil Rights
Movement Take Off After 1945?
o 
o 
o 
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Black equality became a significant political issue
for the Democratic Party
WWII had been fought against racism abroad—hard
to keep harboring it at home
Black veterans came home dedicated to change
Increasing number of White Americans condemned
segregation
Discrimination in the United States hurt our
propaganda battle against the Communists
What do you already know?
o 
o 
List as many ideas as you can about civil
rights.
Be prepared to share with others
1896- Plessy vs. Ferguson
o 
Landmark court case “Separate, but Equal”
1954-Brown vs. Board of Education
o 
1896 Separate, but Equal law is overturned. It
is now illegal to segregate schools.
Questiono 
What do you think happened when schools
began the integration process?
1955- Rosa Parks
o 
o 
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Refuses to give up her seat to a white person
while riding a bus.
She was arrested for this!
Montgomery Bus Boycott begins
1956o 
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the
segregation of Montgomery, Ala., buses is
unconstitutional.
1957-Martin Luther King, Jr.
o 
The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., helps
found the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference to
work for full equality for African Americans
1957-Little Rock Nine
o 
The federal
government uses the
military to uphold
African Americans'
civil rights, as
soldiers escort
nine African
American students
to desegregate a
school in Little
Rock, Arkansas.
What do you think…
o 
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o 
The white students were thinking?
The national guard members were thinking?
The nine African-American students were
thinking?
1960-Nonviolent Protests
o 
Four African American college students hold
a sit-in to integrate a Woolworth's lunch
counter in Greensboro, N.C., launching a
wave of similar protests across the South.
If you were….
o 
A student living in those times, would you
have protested? Why or why not?
1961-Freedom Rides
o 
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) begins to
organize Freedom Rides throughout the South to try
to de-segregate interstate public bus travel.
1963-A “Dream” is born:
o 
More than 200,000 people
march on Washington,
D.C., in the largest civil
rights demonstration ever;
Martin Luther King, Jr.,
gives his "I Have a Dream"
speech.
o 
Four African American
girls are killed in the
bombing of the Sixteenth
Street Baptist Church in
Birmingham, Alabama.
1964-Civil Rights Act
o 
President Lyndon Johnson
signs the Civil Rights Act,
which gives the federal
government far-reaching
powers to prosecute
discrimination in
employment, voting, and
education.
1965-The Push for Voting Marches
On….
o 
King organizes a protest march from Selma to
Montgomery, Alabama, for African American
voting rights. A shocked nation watches on
television as police club and teargas
protesters.
1965-Voting is Granted to African
Americans…
o 
In the wake of the SelmaMontgomery March, the
Voting Rights Act is
passed, outlawing the
practices used in the
South to disenfranchise
African American voters
1967-A Terrible Event Occurs…
o 
Martin Luther King, Jr.,
is assassinated in
Memphis, Tennessee.
His murder sparks a
week of rioting across
the country.
What would you want…
o 
People to remember most about MLK? Why?
Notable South Carolinians
Although many South Carolinians played a
significant role in the civil rights movement,
most notable among them are:
o  Septima Clark
o  Modjeska Simkins
o  Matthew Perry
Septima Clark
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Public school teacher
In a case brought by the NAACP, she sought equal pay for African
American and white teachers.
A member of the NAACP, Clark left South Carolina when the state
legislature passed a bill saying that public employees could not
belong to any civil rights organization.
Clark later taught at the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee
where many civil rights leaders learned the strategy of nonviolent
direct action.
Clark served in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference led
by Dr. King.
Clark founded citizenship schools to improve literacy among the
African American community and increase voter registration.
Modjeska Monteith Simkins
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o 
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o 
Teacher
Public health worker
An active member of the NAACP
Participated in the efforts to equalize
teachers’ salaries and to reform the white
primary (Elmore v Rice)
Helped write the declaration for the
lawsuit that asked for the equalization of
Clarendon County schools (Briggs v
Matthew J Perry
o 
o 
o 
The first graduate of the new law school at South Carolina State to
pass the bar exam As a civil rights lawyer, Perry was instrumental
in bringing cases in South Carolina to challenge segregation.
African American efforts to push for integration of schools to
conform to the Brown ruling were first pursued at the college and
university level because these would be least resisted by white
parents. Perry defended the right of an African American student to
attend Clemson University.
Perry also fought for the adoption of single-member districts in
South Carolina's House of Representatives, making it possible for
more black lawmakers to get elected
Perry later served as South Carolina’s first African American
federal judge.
Friendship Nine
Orangeburg Tragedy
8-7.2
Analyze the movement for civil rights in South
Carolina
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
Students will complete the chart analyzing the
movement for civil rights in South Carolina .
I Do: The teacher will model using informational
text to find relevant information to complete the
chart on the Civil Rights Movement.
We Do: Work together finding relevant information
about the Civil Rights Movement in SC & the US .
You Do: The students will complete the graphic
organizer
Students will then share responses
Activity
8-7.2 Analyze the movement for civil rights in South Carolina
Key People/Events
NAACP
Brown v/s Board of
Education
Elmore v/s Rice
Septima Poinsette Clark
Modjeska Monteith
Simkins
Matthew Perry
Friendship Nine
Orangeburg Massacre
Significance
The Civil Rights Movement intensified after World War II. The movement for civil
rights accelerated as a result of the “victory abroad, victory at home” (Double V)
campaign of African Americans, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of
Education, the influence of mass media and the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) took the
legal approach and brought cases to the courts that challenged the prevailing practices
of discrimination and laid the groundwork for change. Among many other cases, the
NAACP challenged the exclusion of African American voters from participation in the
South Carolina Democratic Party’s selection of candidates. The Democratic Party had
dominated politics in South Carolina and the South since Reconstruction so the white
primary effectively excluded blacks from having any say in selecting the state’s elected
officials. The United States Supreme Court ruled in Elmore v. Rice (1947) that the
white primary was unconstitutional. African Americans, who continued to face white
hostility, still had to overcome the intimidation but they now had the opportunity to
impact the selection of candidates and subsequently the eventual officeholders in the
solidly Democratic South Carolina.
I DO
Key People/Events
NAACP
Significance
The landmark case of Brown v Board of Education (1954) started with a simple request. The parents of
African American students in Clarendon County, South Carolina requested a bus to take their children to their
all-black school. Some children had to walk 18 miles to and from school each day. Since the county’s [2375]
white children had [30] school buses for their use and its [6531] black students had none, parents at Scott’s
Branch School felt that the “separate-but-equal” doctrine established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v.
Ferguson required that the school district at least pay for the gas and repairs on the used bus that the families
had bought to take their children to school. Parents did not originally seek integration but equality. The
original case was dismissed due to a technicality. With the assistance of local leaders including Modjeska
Monteith Simkins and the NAACP, parents brought suit against the school district in a new case, Briggs v.
Elliot, for equal treatment under the law as required by the 14th amendment. In federal district court, the
counsel for the state of South Carolina admitted that the separate schools for African Americans were unequal
but claimed that the state had initiated a building program that would bring the African American schools up
to par with the white schools
The court, therefore, ruled in favor of the school district. The NAACP then appealed the case to the United
States Supreme Court. Briggs v. Elliot was one of five cases that became part of the landmark Brown v. Board
of Education of Topeka, Kansas decision. In Brown the Supreme Court overturned Plessy v Ferguson and
ruled that separate was inherently unequal. The court further ruled that African American students should be
integrated into classrooms with white children with “all deliberate speed.
We Do
Brown v/s Board of Education
Significance
8-7.2 Analyze the movement for civil rights in South Carolina
Key People/Events
NAACP
Brown v/s Board of Education
Significance
The National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) took the legal
approach and brought cases to the courts that
challenged the prevailing practices of
discrimination and laid the groundwork for
change.
Ruled that separate was inherently unequal.
The court further ruled that African American
students should be integrated into classrooms
with white children with “all deliberate speed.”
Close
o 
What was significant about the NAACP?
What was significant about Brown v. Board of
Education
o 
You Finish finding relevant information
o 
What have you learned.. Reflection
o 
o 
o 
Civil Rights?
What questions do you still have?
How can learning about civil rights help you
today?
Bell Work
1. Which of the following South Carolinian African American
is notable for seeking equal pay for African American and
white teachers?
A. Matthew Perry
B. Septima Pointsette Clark
C. Rosa Parks
D. Mary McCleod Bethune
Answer: B
2. What U.S. Supreme Court decision integrated all public
schools in America
A. Plessey v. Ferguson
B. Brown v. Board of Education
C. Gideon v. Wainwright
D. Elmore v. Rice
Answer: B
o 
EQ: Explain changing politics in South
Carolina.
Relevance
o 
o 
Have you ever participated in any type of
election?
Have you ever changed you mind about who
you are going to vote for?
o 
EQ: Explain changing politics in South
Carolina.
Previously
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o 
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LowCountry supported the Federalist party
Power Equalized between the Up Country and LowCountrySC became predominately Democratic Republican
Democratic
Pre- Civil War Republican Party opposed slavery
After Civil War Repblicans supported reconstruction
Majority of white population refused to support the
Republican Party
Democratic party “ reedeems” the south from Republican
control and corruption
More background
Democrats blamed Republicans for the war
and Reconstruction
o  South Carolina, like other Southern states
voted solidly Democratic ( remember African
Americans disenfranchised)
o  SC became part of what was known as the
“Solid South”
WHAT CHANGED THIS??????
o 
8-7.3 Explain changing politics in South Carolina
Changing Politics
Shift from Democratic to Republican Party
Role of Strom Thurmond
Increased Political Participation of AA
Increased Political Participation of women
Passage of The Education Improvement Act
Explanation
Shift From Democratic to Republican Party
o 
o 
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President Roosevelt's New Deal Programs attracted
African American voters which made Democratic
southerners suspicious
Democratic President Harry Truman ordered
desegregation of the military and supported inclusion of
black in the Democratic platform supporting anti-poll tax
legislation and federal protection against lynching
Democratic Presidents John F. kennedy and Lyndon
Johnson supported the Civil Rights Act and the Voting
Rights Act
Shift From Democratic to Republican Party
o 
o 
o 
o 
Southerners were attracted to Richard Nixon’s “ Southern
Strategy” resisting the expansion of the civil rights
protections and his campaigsn promise to restore law and
order.
Antiwar protest were seen as unpatriotic and were
associated with the Democratic party
Southerners also attracted to Ronald Regan because of is
stand on taxes and the Cold War
Fundamentalist and Evangelical churches began to
support the conservative agenda
8-7.3
Explain changing politics in South Carolina
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
Students will complete the chart analyzing
changing politics in South Carolina .
I Do: The teacher will model using informational
text to find relevant information to complete the
chart on changing politics in SC
We Do: Work together finding relevant information
about changing politics in SC.
You Do: The students will complete the graphic
organizer
Students will then share responses
Activity
o 
Conservative Southerners and South Carolinians initially supported the
New Deal of Democrat Franklin Roosevelt but became suspicious of
Roosevelt as he increasingly attracted African American voters in the
North to the New Deal. Shortly after World War II ended, President Harry
Truman ordered the desegregation of the military (1948) and supported
the inclusion of blacks in the Democratic Party platform (1948)
supporting anti-poll tax legislation and federal protection against lynching
measures aimed at rectifying the deplorable conditions for African
Americans. Incensed at this intrusion into the affairs of the states, many
delegates from the South walked out of the Democratic National
Convention. They formed their own party, which became known as the
Dixiecrats, and named South Carolina’s Strom Thurmond as their
presidential candidate. Thurmond carried South Carolina in the 1948
presidential election. Although Thurmond and other South Carolinians
returned to the Democratic Party after the Dixiecrat’s defeat, this was the
beginning of the end of the solidly Democratic South.
8-7.3 Explain changing politics in South Carolina
Changing Politics
Shift from Democratic to Republican Party
Role of Strom Thurmond
Increased Political Participation of AA
Increased Political Participation of women
Passage of The Education Improvement Act
Explanation
Close
o 
What caused the “solid south” to shift from
the Democratic to the Republican party?
8-7.3 Explain changing politics in South Carolina
Changing Politics
Shift from Democratic to Republican Party
Role of Strom Thurmond
Increased Political Participation of AA
Increased Political Participation of women
Passage of The Education Improvement Act
Explanation
Role of Strom Thurmond
• 
• 
• 
• 
Led resistance to recognize the rights of African
Americans
Filibustered against passage of the Civil Rights Act
Ran for Presidents as a Dixicrat then returned to the
Democratic party
Withdrew support for the Democratic party and
changed his party affiliation to Republican
Increased Political Participation African
Americans
• 
• 
• 
• 
Able to vote in increasingly large numbers
Elmore v Rice, Voting Rights Act, 24th Amend.
Consistently supported Democratic party since the
1960s because of party’s support for Civil Rights
Limited impact on presidential elections
28% of pop.
Increased Political Participation of Women
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
1969 Ratified 19th Amendment
SC did not ratify the Equal rights Amendment ( one
of 10 state who did not)
Prominent roles in government, Lt. Gov., members
of state legislature, Congress
In 2012 16 women serving in State Legislature
Today Governor Nicky Hailey
Passage of the Education Improvement Act
• 
• 
• 
• 
Called for additional 1 cent in sales tax to support
education
Graduation rates and college attendance did
increase.
State cut funding in last few years ( recession)
The EIA and the EAA were passed to ensure all
students have equal opportunity to learn.
Bell Work
1. Before the Civil War, the principle of popular sovereignty
was proposed as a means of
a. Allowing states to secede from the union
b. Permitting voters to nullify federal laws
c. Deciding the legalization of slavery in a new state
d. Overturning unpopular decisions of the Supreme Court
Answer: c
2. Manifest destiny was used to justify an American desire to:
a. Limit the number of immigrants entering the country
b. Control the area east of the Appalachian mountains
c. expand the United States to the pacific
d. Warn European countries against colonizing in Latin America
Answer: c
8-7.4
EQ: Summarize key economic issues in present
day South Carolina.
8-7.4
Summarize key economic issues in present day
South Carolina
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
Students will complete the chart analyzing key
economic issues in South Carolina .
I Do: The teacher will model using informational
text to find relevant information to complete the
chart on key economic issues in present day SC
We Do: Work together finding relevant information
about key economic issues in present day SC.
You Do: The students will complete the graphic
organizer
Students will then share responses
Activity
8-7.4 Economic Issues in Present Day South Carolina
Changing Politics
Decline of Textile Industry
SCs Status as Right to Work State
Changes in Agriculture Emphasis
Growing Globalization and Foreign
Investment
Influx of Immigrants and Migrants
Explanation
8-7.4 Economic Issues in Present Day South Carolina
Changing Politics
Increased Protection of Environment
Expanding Number of Cultural Offerings
Changes Tax Policy
Explanation
Materials Needed
—  SC Standards
—  Text book
—  Informational Text
—  Document Camera/Promethean Board
—  PowerPoint
—  Teacher Created Notes
—  Teacher Created Graphic Organizers
—  Video/Mill Life
—  Primary Source Documents
—  Study Guides/Test