Daily English Vocab
PDF 9th Nov 2016
Against Excessive Drug Price Control
The reported move of the Centre to revamp (सध
ु ार) drug price control and shore up (मजबूत करना/सहारा
देना) the ease of doing business in the high-potential pharmaceuticals sector needs to be welcomed.
Rigorous (सख्त/कडा) price controls of ‘essential drugs’, currently numbering over 450, can actually
discourage production and supply, and can often defeat the very purpose of easier access.
The idea that all medicines, as soon as they are included in the essential list, need to be under
stringent (सख़्त/सख्त /कठोर) price controls lacks sense. Instead, it would make better sense to
rationally regulate (ननयनमत करना /ननयंत्रण करना) prices of particular drugs as and when required.
Very often, competitive pressures and sound oversight can bring down prices, and keep them
subdued (अधीन नकया हुआ /वशीभूत करना) going forward, in our large and growing pharma industry. It
is another matter than we also need to encourage generics (read: unbranded medicines) and allow
prescription (ननदेश) switching so that it is legal to switch branded medicines for generic
(सामान्य/व्यापक) generics.
A mobile phone app can well ease information asymmetry; we also need proper regulation for
generic generics. The way forward is to overhaul (सही करने के निए ननरीक्षण करना) the form and structure
of the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA).
We need to eschew (त्याग करना/छोड़ना/बचना) rigorous price controls that often lead to producers
stopping production or, more likely, adding a molecule to the formulation to skirt (छोड़ देना/बचना)
price control.
Besides, inclusion and deletion under the list of essential medicines would need to be decided as
per public health requirements, with the need to have particular medicines to tackle (ननपटना/सि
ु झाना)
specific diseases, as an expert committee did elaborate (नवस्तृत करना/नवस्तारपूववक प्रस्तुत करना) last year.
The bottom line is that the Indian pharma sector, with revenues of $20 billion in 2015, has the
potential to grow and reach $55 billion by 2020, with reasonable forward-looking norms.
(Courtesy: The Economic Times)
1. Revamp (verb): Give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to. (सधु ार करना)
 Synonyms: Remake, Revitalize, Remodel, Revive, Update, Renew.
 Antonyms: Ruin, Hurt, Destroy, Damage.
Example: After finding so many faults in the proposal, the committee decided to revamp it.
Verb forms: Revamp, Revamped, Revamped.
Related words:
 Revamp (noun) – सधु ार
2. Shore up (phrasal verb): To make something stronger by supporting it. (मजबूत करना/सहारा देना)
 Synonyms: Assist, Aid, Help, Strengthen, Support.
 Antonyms: Block, Halt, Hinder, Discourage, Undermine.
Example: Central banks try to shore the economy up by lowering interest rates.
Verb forms: Shore up, Shored up, Shored up.
3. Rigorous (adjective): (of a rule, system, etc.) Strictly applied or adhered to. (सख्त/कडा)


Synonyms: Strict, Severe, Stern, Stringent, Tough, Hard, Rigid.
Antonyms: Kind, Lenient, Easy, Mild, Gentle.
Example: To gain entry into any Special Forces unit in the military, you must push through
rigorous testing.
Related words:
 Rigorously (adverb) - सख्ती के साथ

Rigorousness (noun) - कठिनाई
4. Stringent (adjective): Strict, precise, and exacting. (सख़्त/सख्त /कठोर)
 Synonyms: Strict, Rigid, Severe, Harsh, Tight, Inflexible.
 Antonyms: Flexible, Amenable, Lenient, Gentle, Mild, Easy.
Example: While the traffic laws may appear stringent, they are necessary to keep the roads safe.
Related words:
 Stringently: (adverb) - (किोरतापर्ू वक)
5. Regulate (verb): Control (something, especially a business activity) by means of rules and
regulations. (ननयनमत करना /ननयंत्रण करना)
 Synonyms: Govern, Control, Regularize, Manage, Balance, Modulate.
 Antonyms: Worsen, Disorganize, Unsettle, Displace.
Example: If the federal government does not regulate a certain part of the law, then the state is
responsible for self-governance.
Verb forms: Regulate, Regulated, Regulated.
Related words:
 Regulation (noun) - ठर्ठनयमन
6. Prescription (noun): A recommendation that is authoritatively put forward. (ननदेश)
 Synonyms: Recommendation, Suggestion, Advice, Direction
 Antonyms: Ignorance, Lawlessness, Avoidance.
Example: The Recommended prescriptions of the committee should be followed by every
member.
Related words:
 Prescript (noun) – ठनर्देश

Prescriptive (adjective) – ठनर्देशात्मक

Prescriptively (adverb) - ठनर्देशात्मक रूप से
7. Generic (adjective): Characteristic of or relating to a class or group of things; not specific.
(सामान्य/व्यापक)
 Synonyms: General, Common, Collective, Non-Specific
 Antonyms: Specific, Particular, Exclusive
Example: The generic medicines are as effective as branded ones.
Related words:
 Generically (adverb) - सामान्य रूप से
8. Overhaul (verb): To change (something) completely in order to improve it. (सही करने के निए
ननरीक्षण करना)
 Synonyms: Debug, Rejuvenate, Modernize, Renew.
 Antonyms: Ruin, Worsen, Damage, Ignore, Neglect.
Example: This abuse resulted in an overhaul of the system that sought to tie the poor to their
original parish.
Verb forms: Overhaul, Overhauled, Overhauled.
9. Eschew (verb): Deliberately avoid using; abstain from. (त्याग करना/छोड़ना/बचना)
 Synonyms: Abandon, Shun, Forgo, Avoid.
 Antonyms: Face, Take on, Meet.
Example: Because I am a strict Christian, I tend to eschew events that are not religious in nature.
Verb forms: Eschew, Eschewed, Eschewed.
10. Elaborate (verb): Describing with minute details. (नवस्तृत करना/नवस्तारपूववक प्रस्तुत करना)
 Synonyms: Detailed, Extensive, Elaborate, Comprehensive, Spacious, Extended
 Antonyms: Usual, Contracted, General.
Example: The general did not elaborate on his strategy, saying only that we would hear the details
when necessary.
Verb forms: Elaborate, Elaborated, Elaborated.
Related words:
 Elaborately (adverb) - ठर्स्तार पर्ू वक तरीके से

Elaboration (noun) - ठर्स्तार
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