AP US History
Mr. Blackmon
Chapter 30
Turbulent Sixties
Kennedy Administration:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All of the following were characteristic of reform activity during both the
Progressive and the 1960s EXCEPT
A.
Civil rights for black Americans were supported by the federal
government
B.
Reform activity was encouraged by strong and active Presidents
C.
Reform in the area of women's rights was advocated by feminists
D.
Governmental reform initiatives were curtailed by war
E.
Reform occurred despite the absence of severe economic depression.
Which of the following was the most important factor in John F. Kennedy’s 1960
presidential election victory over Richard Nixon?
A.
Americans’ deep and growing dissatisfaction with the Eisenhower
Administration
B.
Revelations of corrupt activities on the part of Nixon
C.
Kennedy’s better showing in nationally televised debates
D.
Kennedy’s long record of administrative experience as governor of
Massachusetts
E.
Nixon’s failure to serve in the armed forces during the Second World
War.
After concluding its investigation of the assassination of President John F.
Kennedy, the Warren Commission announced its finding that
A.
Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in assassinating the president
B.
Oswald was assisted by two other marksmen on the “grassy knoll” in front
of the presidential motorcade
C.
Oswald had been the only gunman but was part of a widespread
conspiracy
D.
Oswald in fact had nothing to do with the assassination
E.
The true facts of the assassination and any possible conspiracy involved
with it will probably never be known.
Which of the following was an achievement of the John F. Kennedy
administration?
A
Passage of civil rights legislation
B
Passage of bills to create health insurance for the aged and to increase aid
to education
C
Extension of diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China
D
Passage of the Alliance for Progress to provide economic aid for Latin
America
E
Passage of the Economic Opportunity Bill
The 1962 book that helped launch the national environmental movement was
A
James Baldwin's The Fire Next Time
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
Michael Harrington's The Other America
C
Alice Walker's In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens
D
Jack Kerouac's On The Road
E
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
The Bay of Pigs incident involved
A.
The presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
B.
A ClA plot to overthrow Chilean leader Salvador Allende
C.
A confrontation between U.S. and Soviet troops in Europe
D.
A clash between a U.S. Navy destroyer and North Vietnamese patrol boats.
E.
A U.S. sponsored attempt by free Cubans to overthrow Communist
dictator Fidel Castro.
The Bay of Pigs affair had what effect on John Kennedy’s presidency?
A.
It made Kennedy a national hero for his tough, uncompromising stand
against Castro and Communist Cuba
B.
It forced Soviet Premier Khrushchev to schedule an early summit meeting
with Kennedy to avoid future American-Soviet confrontations
C.
It had virtually no effect on Kennedy’s presidency, as it was kept secret
until after Kennedy’s assassination
D.
It forced Kennedy to allow Soviet occupation of military bases in Cuba
E.
It was a major embarrassment to Kennedy’s administration and led to
further crises in American-Cuban relations
In 1962, which of the following contributed most directly to a crisis in SovietAmerican relations over Cuba?
A
Cuban attacks on the United States naval base at Guantanamo
B.
The failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion.
C.
Cuban support for leftist guerilla movements in Latin America.
D
Cuban withdrawal from the Organization of American States.
E.
The discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba.
The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962
A.
Displayed Soviet nuclear superiority
B.
Forced President Kennedy to quarantine military equipment shipped
to Cuba
C.
Boosted Nikita Khrushchev’s position in the international community
D.
Enabled the Cubans to deploy nuclear warheads
E.
Helped the United States prepare for the Bay of Pigs invasion.
What event made Kennedy a national hero in 1962 due to the way in which people
believed he successfully stood up to the Russians?
A.
The Berlin Blockade
B.
The Berlin Wall Crisis
C.
The Pueblo Incident
D.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
E.
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident
11.
12.
Which of the following best describes the agreement that ended the 1962 Cuban
Missile Crisis?
A.
The Soviet Union agreed not to station troops in Cuba, and the United
States agreed not to invade Cuba.
B.
The Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba, and the
United States agreed not to invade Cuba.
C.
The Soviet Union agreed not to invade Turkey and the United States agreed
not to invade Cuba.
D.
The Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba, and the
United States agreed not to invade Turkey.
E.
The Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba, and the
United States agreed to withdraw its missiles from Western Europe.
Which of the following resulted from the Cuban missile crisis?
A
The Soviets were allowed to keep existing missiles in Cuba but could not
increase the number of missiles. . .
B
The United States agreed to withdraw from Berlin in exchange for Soviet
withdrawal from Cuba
C
The Soviets gained none of their objectives, while the United States
emerged victorious
D
The United States succeeded in eliminating all communist influence from
the Western Hemisphere
E
The Soviets withdrew their missiles from Cuba in exchange for a
promise from the United States not to attack Fidel Castro
Johnson Administration
13.
14.
15.
Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society program was aimed primarily at
A.
Spurring advances in American science and technical education and
increasing funding to high-tech facilities
B.
Sending American volunteers to impoverished foreign nations to help
educate their people and build their economic base
C.
Securing civil rights for all Americans and eliminating poverty
D.
Providing minimum wage jobs for all unemployed Americans and shifting
tax dollars from the military to the civilian sector of the economy
E.
Retraining adults who had dropped out of school and increasing the
number of Americans who attended college.
The “War on Poverty” was an attempt by
A.
President Richard Nixon to aid Latin American nations
B.
President Lyndon Johnson to end hunger and economic despair in
America
C.
President John F. Kennedy to organize the Peace Corps
D.
George Marshall to feed the people of Europe after World War II
E.
President Dwight Eisenhower to reduce the number of people on public
assistance.
The major objective of the antipoverty programs of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great
Society was to
A
16.
17.
18.
19.
break the cycle of poverty among poor people through education and
job training
B
provide temporary benefits to the "new poor" during times of recession
C
transfer the federal government's responsibility for welfare back to the
states
D
simplify welfare by replacing job programs with cash grants for the poor
E
build a socialist society in the United States
During 1968 the deep divisions within the American public were demonstrated by
all of the following EXCEPT
A
the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr.
B
urban riots in major cities across the country
C
antiwar demonstrations at the Democratic national convention in Chicago
D
the refusal of most Republicans to support Richard Nixon as their
presidential candidate
E
the strong showing of George Wallace's American Independent Party in
southern states and some northern urban centers
Segregationists had the choice of aJ;lti-integrationist candidates for president in
both the 1948 and 1968 elections. Their choices in these two campaigns were,
respectively,
A
Thomas Dewey and George McGovern
B
Henry Wallace and John Anderson
C
Henry Wallace and Richard Nixon
D
Strom Thurmond and George Wallace
E
Strom Thurmond and Henry Wallace
Which of the following statements about George Wallace's third-party
presidential campaign in 1968 is correct?
A
He appealed to many middle-class voters upset by the civil
disobedience associated with the Civil Rights and antiwar
demonstrations
B
He appealed to the isolationists who opposed United States involvement in
Vietnam.
C
He supported the integrationist goals of Martin Luther King, Jr., but
opposed the more extreme tactics of the Black Muslims and Black
Panthers.
D
He was strongly supported by intellectuals and college students who
thought the Democratic and Republican parties were both too conservative.
E
He advocated an expansion of poverty programs in an effort to win the
support of the inner-city poor
All of the following were presidential candidates during the campaign of 1968
EXCEPT
A
George McGovern
B
Eugene McCarthy
C
George Wallace
D
Richard Nixon
E
Hubert Humphrey
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Which of the following is correct about United States involvement in the Vietnam
War?
A.
It was justified by an appeal to the Open Door policy.
B.
It was the exclusive responsibility of the Johnson and Nixon
administration.
C.
It came about only after a formal declaration of war.
D.
It was primarily anti-Soviet in purpose.
E.
It grew out of policy commitments and assumptions since the Second
World War.
Which of the following is true of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
A
It ended the Vietnam War
B
It barely passed in Congress, reflecting the bitter division over American
involvement in Vietnam
C
It was a statement of American policy that followed the Tet Offensive
D
It allowed the President to deploy combat troops in South Vietnam
E
It provided for the first peace negotiations between the United States and
North Vietnam
What incident led to Lyndon Johnson escalating American involvement in
Vietnam by sending more than 550,000 American soldiers to actively fight the
Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese?
A.
The Mayaguez Affair
B.
The Pueblo Incident
C.
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident
D.
The attack on Khe Sahn
E.
The Tet Offensive
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is significant because it
A
required Taiwan to relinquish its position on the United Nations Security
Council to China
B
authorized the president to take any measures necessary to repel
attacks against United States forces and allies in Southeast Asia
C
led to an alliance between the United States, Japan, and Taiwan to limit
the power of China in Asia
D
conferred the most-favored-nation status to China in its trade with the
United States
E
declared that the United States would continue to provide air and naval
support but withdraw all ground troops in the Vietnam War
Which of the following is true of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
A.
It involved a clash of U.S. and Soviet warships.
B.
In it, two North Vietnamese fighter-bombers were shot down as they
neared U.S. Navy ships.
C.
It involved the seizure, by North Vietnam, of a U.S. Navy intelligence
ship in international waters.
D.
It led to major U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
E.
In it, a U.S. Navy destroyer was damaged by a guided missile fired by a
North Vietnamese plane.
25.
26.
27.
In 1968, Viet Cong guerrillas and North Vietnamese regulars launched a massive
series of attacks which failed militarily but succeeded in ending U.S. fantasies
about an early end to the Vietnam War. This episode of the war became known
as the
A.
Pleiku Offensive
B.
NLF Offensive
C.
Gulf of Tonkin Offensive
D.
Battle of Khe Sahn
E.
Tet Offensive
One of the immediate consequences of the Tet offensive in 1968 was that
A
President Johnson completed the process of Vietnamizatin
B
North Vietnamexe troops took control of Saigon
C
Popular support for the war declined in the United States
D
The South Vietnamese government was overthrown
E
Congress gave greater support to President Johnson’s war policies.
The 1968 Tet Offensive was significant because it
A
showed that American soldiers were ill equipped to fight in the jungle
B
pressured North Vietnam to come to the bargaining table
C
convinced President Johnson to begin bombing Cambodia
D
reaffirmed popular support for the South Vietnamese governrnent
E
led to increased antiwar sentiment in the United States
28.
29.
The central point of the 1960s cartoon above was that
A
the public was more interested in foreign policy than in domestic reforms
B
the President was more interested in domestic programs than in foreign
policy
C
protesters were successfully challenging the goals of Lyndon B. Johnson's
Great Society
D
opposition to the Vietnam War improved Lyndon B. Johnson's hopes for
reelection
E
the cost of the Vietnam War limited the President's ability to carry
out domestic programs
What was “fragging”?
A.
It was the name given to the process of soldiers shooting their own
officers rather than follow them into battle.
B.
It was the name given to the process of killing an enemy by making sure
his body was fragmented into several pieces
C.
It was the name given to the special sarcastic salute U.S. soldiers gave to
the politicians when they came to “visit the troops.”
D.
It was the name for the effects on a human body of a unique booby-trap
used by the Viet Cong against U.S. soldiers.
E.
It was the name given to heavy enemy fire by some soldiers during the
Vietnam War.
30.
What specific disagreement took a full year to rectify before peace negotiations
actually began to end the Vietnam War?
A.
The city in which the negotiations would be held
B.
The governments which would be allowed to attend the negotiations
C.
The shape of the negotiating table
D.
The actual border between North and South Vietnam
E.
The participation of representatives from the People’s Republic of China
as moderators of the negotiations.
The Civil Rights Movement
31.
32.
33.
34.
Rosa Parks is known for
A.
Founding the National Right to Life Organization
B.
Sparking the modern civil rights movement
C.
Organizing the National Organization for Women
D.
Organizing Project Headstart for preschool children
E.
Becoming the first female general in the United States Army.
The United States Supreme Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka was significant because it
A.
Prohibited prayer in public schools on the grounds of separation of church
and state
B.
Legally upheld the doctrine of “separate but equal” educational facilities
for blacks and whites.
C.
Clarified the constitutional rights of minors and restricted the rights of
school administrators to get dress codes to otherwise infringe on students’
rights.
D.
Upheld school districts’ rights to use aptitude and psychological tests to
“track” students and segregate them into “college prep” and “vocational”
programs
E.
Ordered the desegregation of public schools, prohibiting the practice
of segregation via “separate but equal” schools for blacks and whites.
During the 1940's, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) tried to destroy the "separate but equal" doctrine by
A
insisting on its literal interpretation by the courts
B
promoting affIrmative action legislation
C
lobbying for special interest legislation
D
urging the Supreme Court to legislate an end to segregation
E
persuading the president to interfere with the courts
The United States Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
that
I
segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
II
the schools of Topeka, Kansas must integrate
III
the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional
IV
35.
36.
37.
38.
separate was not equal
A.
I and II only
B.
II and III only
C.
III and IV only
D.
I, II, and III only
E.
I, II, III and IV
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that
A.
was a forerunner of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
B.
established free public colleges in the United States
C.
outlawed racially segregated public schools
D.
established free public elementary and secondary schools in the United
States
E.
provided for federal support of parochial schools
The Supreme Court decision in Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka
essentially reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions?
A.
Marbury v. Madison
B.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
C.
Roe v. Wade
D.
Gideon v Wainwright
E.
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown v Board of Education of
Topeka that
A.
busing to achieve racial balance in public schools was constitutionally
acceptable.
B.
local school boards had no right to censor reading materials in school
libraries.
C.
prayer in the public schools was contrary to the principle of separation of
church and state
D.
racial segregation in public schools was a denial of the equal
protection of the laws
E.
schools could teach the theory of evolution without also teaching the
creationist account of the origins of life.
"The problem with hatred and violence is that they intensify the fears of the
White majority, and leave them less ashamed of their prejudices toward Negroes.
In the guilt and confusion confronting our society, violence only adds to chaos. It
deepens the brutality of the oppressor and increases the bitterness of the
oppressed. Violence is the antithesis of creativity and wholeness. It destroys
community and makes brotherhood impossible."
During the 1960s all the following Black leaders would probably have supported
this view EXCEPT
A.
Stokely Carmichael
B.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
C.
James Farmer
D.
Roy Wilkins
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
E.
Whitney M. Young, Jr.
All of the following demonstrate the importance of the 1940's to the advancement
of rights for African-Americans EXCEPT the
A
entry of Jackie Robinson into major league baseball
B
publication of Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma
C
establishment of the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division
D
creation of the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund
E
founding of "freedom schools" in Mississippi
Which of the following best characterizes the goals of Martin Luther King, Jr.?
A.
A peaceful separation of Black people into powerful economic and
political groups.
B.
A peaceful integration of the races in all areas of society.
C.
Federal compensation to Black people for past political and legal
injustices.
D.
A church-centered Black community removed from the oppression of
White People.
E.
Constant and, if necessary, violent political and social action to achieve
long-sought justice.
Which of the following best characterizes the methods of Martin Luther King, Jr.
A.
Nonviolent defiance of segregation
B.
Armed violence against police and troops
C.
Patience while developing the skills that would make blacks economically
successful and gain them the respect of whites.
D.
A series of petitions to Congress calling for correction of racial abuses.
E.
A series of speaking engagements in Northern cities in hopes of
pressuring Congress to take action.
The organization made famous by the leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
was the
A
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
B
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
C
Congress of Racial Equality
D
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
E
Black Panthers
During the 1960s, sit-in demonstrations were first effectively used by
A
college students working with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) and the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
B
Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC)
C
Huey Newton and the Black Panthers
D
Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam
E
African American veterans returning from the Second World War
The term “Long Hot Summer” refers to
A
Major outdoor rock concerts during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
B.
Major Communist offensives against U.S. troops in Vietnam
C.
D
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Protests held in large American cities against the Vietnam War.
A series of warmer-than-usual summers during the 1950s, leading to
speculation about climatic change.
E
Race riots in large American cities during the 1960s.
The 1968 Kerner Commission Report, which stated that "the nation is rapidly
moving toward two increasingly separate Amerkas," was written in direct
response to the
A
assassination of President Kennedy
B
rise of urban racial violence
C
plague of teenage gang violence
D
assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
E
inequities of rich and poor Americans
The Black Power movement of the late 1960s advocated that African Americans
A
organize political parties sympathetic to communism
B
establish African American communities in Africa
C
seek the racial integration of northeastern cities
D
establish control of their political and economic life
E
assimilate into White society
Malcolm X, the charismatic leader of the Nation of Islam, was assassinated in
1965 by Black Muslims when he modified his racial views after visiting
A
Detroit
B
Chicago
C
Mecca
D
Jerusalem
E
Moscow
Which of the following best describes the methods advocated by Malcolm X?
A.
Nonviolent defiance of segregation
B.
Armed violence against police and troops
C.
Patience while developing the skills that would make blacks economically
successful and gain them the respect of whites
D.
Gradual assimilation of the two races until they became indistinguishable
E.
Meek acceptance of “Jim Crowism” until increasingly enlightened
Southern whites were prepared to change it
During the decade of the 1960s, young people, Black people, American Indians,
Hispanic Americans and women were among the groups protesting various
aspects of American society. All of the following were protested against by one
or more of these groups EXCEPT the
A.
excessive cost of the social security system.
B.
United States involvement in the Vietnam War.
C.
marginal status of non-Whites.
D.
exclusion of women from the mainstream of American life.
E.
increasing bureaucratization and impersonality of American institutions.
Which of the following did the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam have in
common in the late 1960s?
A
They advocated ending segregation in the North rather than the South.
B
They sought affiliation with the American Communist Party.
C
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
They emphasized developing a greater sense of Black nationalism and
solidarity
D
They advocated nonviolent means to achieve their goals
E
They split off from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as
a part of the 1950s popular culture in the United States is true?
A.
It relied heavily on Black musical traditions.
B.
It adapted many of the big band tunes of the 1940s
C.
It was a spin-off from British popular music of the time.
D.
It was the first popular music broadcast nationally on radio.
E.
It had little appeal in the South and West.
The rock 'n' roll of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and the Rolling Stones derived
primarily from
A
European folk music
B
nineteenth-century American ballads
C
cowboy songs
D
African American rhythm and blues
E
Scotch-Irish ballads
A riot that erupted in 1969 at the Stonewall Inn in New York City marks an
important milestone in the political and social activism of
A
the antiwar movement
B
feminists
C
Students for a Democratic Society
D
homosexuals and lesbians
E
Puerto Rican nationalists
The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 in order to
A
encourage women to believe in the "feminine mystique"
B
challenge sex discrimination in the workplace
C
oppose the proposed Equal Rights Amendment
D
advocate restrictions on access to abortion
E
advocate equal access for women to athletic facilities
"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or by
any state on account of sex."
A
Supreme Court case, Roe v. Wade
B
Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution
C
proposed Equal Rights amendment
D
Civil Rights Act of 1964
E
manifesto of the Nation of Islam
Which of the following led a campaign to block ratification of the Equal Rights
Amendment?
A
Gloria Steinem
B
Phyllis Schlafly
C
Betty Friedan
D
Marabel Morgan
E
Shirley Chisholm
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
Betty Friedan is best known for her
A
efforts to organize migrant workers
B
surprise election to the Senate
C
criticism of traditional gender roles
D
support for early childhood education
E
opposition to the war in Vietnam
"The problem lay buried, unspoken, for any years in the minds of American
women. It was a strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that
women suffered. ... Each suburban wife struggIed with it alone. As she made the
beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipcover material., ate peanut butter
sandwiches with her children, chauffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies., lay beside
her husband at night-she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question-"Is
this all?'"
The author of the statement above most likely was
A
Angelina Grimke
B
Susan B. Anthony
C
Betty Friedan
D
Angela Davis
E
Phyllis Schlafly
In the decade following the Second World War, the Supreme Court decision that
had the most widespread consequences concerned which of the following?
A
Immigration policy
B
Congressional reapportionment
C
The rights of minority groups
D
The jurisdiction of courts in determinating war guilt
E
The federal government’s power of taxation
Which of the following civil rights groups is NOT correctly matched with one of
its leading figures?
A
Southern Christian Leadership Conference: Marcus Garvey
B
Black Pantbers: Huey Newton
C
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: Roy
Wilkins
D
Black Muslims: Malcolm X
E
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: Stokely Carmichael
The primary power granted to the Civil Rights Commission created in 1967 was
the authority to
A
investigate and report on cases involving discrimination
B
issue writs to enforce its decisions after a hearing
C
initiate court cases to challenge gender discrimination
D
fine employers found guilty of discriminatory hiring practices
E
grant monetary awards to victims of discrimination