OUTER BACK COVER Mark Olson, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research is in Molecular Tectonics, which develops and manipulates switchable self-assembling molecular architectures by way of subtle synthetic transformations. We investigate the role of accumulating long range non-covalent interactions and electrostatics in macromolecules and how these forces and interactions affect the thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetics of self-assembly in solution, on surfaces, and at the solventnanoparticle interface. We seek students interested in materials chemistry and molecular nanotechnology. Current projects include the development of switchable donor-acceptor based ternary micellar systems, switchable self-assembling multiwalled carbon nanotube networks, and reprogrammable self-assembling binary and ternary donor-acceptor polymer blends. Must have at least one semester of organic chemistry and exceptional course marks. JOB NUMBER: Frank Pezold Ph.D. Professor and Dean of the College of Science and Engineering [email protected] The study of fish diversity and its conservation is a vibrant area of research from the population level to the recovery of evolutionary phylogenies. Using both morphological and molecular methods, graduate and undergraduate students in my lab are currently 1) investigating the population dynamics and genetics of sicydiine gobies and the evolution of their specialized feeding habits, 2) studying genetic and morphological diversity of gobies in the genus Eviota, and African pygmy sleepers (Kribia), 3) studying the evolution of amphidromy in gobioid fishes, and 4) constructing a GIS taxonomic and ecological database of the freshwater and mangrove fishes of Guinea, West Africa. Jennifer Pollack, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research focuses on the conservation and restoration of marine and estuarine organisms and habitats. My lab is involved in: reef oyster restoration; ecosystem service assessments of restored oyster reefs; comparison of the relative value of estuarine habitats for fishes and macroinvertebrates; food web analyses of oysters and reef-associated species; disease dynamics in oyster populations; effects of ocean acidification on early larval development of estuarine finfishes. Spatial analysis and mapping to select suitable locations for oyster reef restoration; creation and facilitation of an oyster shell recycling program for the Texas Coastal Bend; and development of outreach and educational tools for coastal conservation and reef restoration. There is a strong field-based component, which is supported by laboratory analyses as well as GIS and modeling applications. Our goal is to provide science-based information to manage ecologically and economically important species and habitats. Brandi Kiel Reese, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] I am interested in the microbial ecology of extreme environments, including deeply buried marine sediment and hydrothermal vents. My research uses the structure and function of Bacteria, Archaea, and even fungal communities to better understand the limits of life and survival mechanisms in the deep subsurface. We use state-of-the-art sequencing techniques for metagenome and transcriptome analysis coupled with geochemistry to understand the biogeochemical cycling of novel microorganisms. Opportunities are available for local field sampling or cruises, experimental approaches (cultivation, microcosm, next generation sequencing), and bioinformatics of existing data. Alexey Sadovski, Ph.D. Professor [email protected] I am interested in Mathematical Modeling of natural phenomena. My recent research deals with the modeling of the precise Geoid in the coastal areas and with the modeling of the vegetation processes in the marshlands. Working with me includes reading research papers, participating in research seminars, working with software to model different phenomena, presentations at conferences, and possible publication of papers. Undergraduates should have knowledge of basic mathematics and sciences. John Scarpa, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] My research focuses on determining the cultivation requirements of aquatic organisms for food, stock enhancement/restoration efforts, ornamental hobby, and pharmaceuticals. Requirements may range from basic determination of salinity-range tolerance to breeding for specific traits. An additional area of research is examining the potential of tunicates for bioremediation of detrimental microalgal and bacterial blooms . Prospective students should contact me to discuss their scientific training background and be willing to commit to a seven-day-a-week schedule while caring for organisms or conducting experiments. Petru-Aurelian Simionescu, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] Research interest: analysis, design and optimization of mechanical systems; applications of nonlinear programming and evolutionary algorithms to mechanical design; CAD and computer graphics; sustainable energy. Expected competence from students: 3D modeling using a CAD package/computer programming/general machine shop experience. Lee Smee, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] My research is based in the area of ecology, marine biology, and biology, and animal behavior. Within the area of animal behavior, there is a particular emphasis on chemical signaling in aquatic systems. Jean Sparks, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] I conduct research incorporating, in particular, therapeutic plants and their effects on mammalian cell viability and determining whether they inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Undergraduates with an interest in botany, tissue culture, and traditional medicine who have some basic lab skills are encouraged to contact me. Michael J. Starek, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] Assistant Professor of Engineering and GIS with a specialization in geospatial sensing and analytics focused on coastal-environmental problem domains. Areas of research include UAVs for surveying and mapping, light detection and ranging, geomatics, and spatial analytics. Greg Stunz, Ph.D. Harte Research Institute Chair & Professor [email protected] I specialize in fisheries ecology and sport-fisheries. A major focus of my research program is to provide scientific data for sustainable management of our marine fisheries and ocean resources to ensure healthy environments. My research program currently focuses on migration patterns of marine life using a variety of state-of-the-art electronic tracking devices such as satellite and acoustic tags; how marine animals interact with their habitats; and the vital role that estuaries and near-shore waters play in sustaining marine populations. Specifically, the research includes understanding the roles of apex predators (i.e., sharks) in Gulf ecosystems and tracking their movement patterns; dolphin-fish migration patterns and life history studies; red snapper ecology and management; and several projects dealing with estuarine fishes, such as spotted seatrout and red drum and their sustainable management, and many others. Magesh Thiyagarajan, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] We specialize in fundamental cold plasma science and engineering areas as well as applied cold plasma research in interdisciplinary areas of engineering, biology, chemistry and physics. Projects include design, construction and diagnostics of various plasma sources; Plasma induced surface modification and characterization of materials such as bio-polymers; diagnostic measurements and characterization of laser plasma induced nanofluids (nanoparticles suspended in liquids); Plasma induced cancer treatment; induction of apoptosis in cancer and tumor cells through a range of diagnostics; plasma induced wound healing and wound sterilization; and plasma induced inactivation of wider range of bacteria on liquids and solid surfaces related to health care, food safety and security. Junior or senior level students from engineering, biology, chemistry and physics with good academic standing are preferred. Philippe Tissot, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] We analyze large data sets and design and implement coastal models based on hydrodynamic and machine learning techniques. Recent applications have included water level predictions for navigation; storm surge predictions during hurricanes; predictions of water temperature, sea level rises; and the relationships between weather and climate and these parameters. Undergraduates develop models, statistical or hydrodynamic, and/or put together and analyze their own data sets. Desired skills include some experience with programming or familiarity with computational environments such as Matlab and basic mathematics modeling skills (Cal 1 and/ or University Physics). Other students work with the staff of the Conrad Blucher Institute to develop georeferenced mobile apps for cell phones and tablets to visualize model predictions in the field. Programming and GIS skills required for mobile app projects. Jeffrey W. Turner, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My laboratory explores connections between oceans and human health. For example, improved understanding of our oceans can reduce public health risks and enhance human health. Pathogenic bacterial species of the Vibrio genus, such as V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, are often the focus of my research; however, my experience includes work with microbial indicators of anthropogenic pollution (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) and microbial pathogens of corals (Serratia marcescens). Prospective students who have completed coursework in the biological and computer sciences are encouraged to contact me regarding research opportunities. Michael Wetz, Ph.D. [email protected] Associate Professor My research focuses on understanding how estuarine and coastal ecosystems “work.” We often use phytoplankton as indicators of both ecosystem function and environmental change in the coastal zone, and are particularly interested in understanding how phytoplankton production and community composition are affected by climate and human-driven environmental changes. We are also interested in the implications of climatic and anthropogenic change for water quality, biogeochemical cycling and food webs in the coastal zone. Typically, undergraduates who work in my lab have taken one year of Biology and often Principles of Ecology as well. Tony Wood [email protected] Director, National Spill Control School Spill preparedness and response research conducted by the National Spill Control School relies on students to find new or improved solutions to existing oil or hazardous materials problems. Mr. Wood serves as a professional mentor for students who want to develop their own research projects, write grant applications, assert their role as a primary investigator, and develop their reports as the lead author. Graduate and undergraduate students have developed award winning research and gained personal recognition for their accomplishments in NSCS sponsored research. Feiqin Xie, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My primary research interests are in satellite remote sensing and atmospheric sciences. I am interested in using GPS measurements, satellite liar and radar observations for climate and weather research. One project focuses on low clouds over the subtropical eastern oceans and the Arctic Ocean. Self-motivated undergraduate with good math, physics and computer coding background (IDL or Matlab highly desirable) who are eager to learn are welcomed to help analyze satellite observations for climate studies. The student will learn how satellites work and obtain practical skills that are useful for carrying out a research project. Outstanding students could have the opportunity to work with collaborators in NASA center in summer. UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES 2014-2015 Contact these professors to learn more about research opportunities in their labs College of Science & Engineering Hao Xu, Ph.D., Assistant Professor [email protected] My research focus on biology inspired intelligent design for multi-robots, including biology social network inspired Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Network design, bio-inspired smart autonomous UAV, brain-controlled flying UAV and mobile robot. There are several projects that need the help: 1) UAV network: build up a real-time UAV network with multi-quadrotor and wireless communication module; 2) Smart robot: embed an existing bio-inspired algorithm into our ground mobile robot to make it smart (e.g. tracking the motion, avoid obstacle etc.); 3) Brain-controller UAV and mobile robot. Please contact me if you are interested in our running projects. Paul Zimba, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] Undergraduate opportunities in marine natural products chemistry, plant physiology (algae and seagrass), and biofuel research available. Please visit http://ccs.tamucc.edu/labs/plankton/planktonHome.html for current details of research. A working knowledge of basic chemistry, coupled with a commitment to do quality work is required. 99mm 99mm INSTRUCTIONS: Felix Omoruyi, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] The focus of my research is to establish (1) the effects of short- and long-term hyperglycemia on the integrity of specific organs and tissues to identify biochemical markers for early detection of diabetic complications and (2) the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of medicinal plants in animal models of diabetes. The ultimate goal is to establish the mechanisms of action of selected medicinal plants and to develop products that are effective and safe for the treatment of diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases. Interested students must have experience in either clinical chemistry or biochemistry. David Portnoy, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] I am interested in the conservation genetics of exploited marine fishes as well as historical patterns of marine zoogeography. I also study systematics and evolution of bony fishes and elasmobranchs, with specific interests in patterns of sexual selection and conflict. OUTER FRONT COVER Hussain Abdulla, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research interest is investigating the changes in the metabolomics profiles of aquatic species under different environmental stresses. Which will give better understanding about the interactions between these species and their environment, and will help us to identify the chemical mechanisms that enable these species to tolerate the environmental stresses especially as metabolites reflect and amplify the activities at a functional level, i.e., the true phenotype. In addition, I’m studying the biogeochemical cycle of terrestrial organic matter by analyzing organic markers and how the photochemical process alters natural organic matter. Mufid Abudiab, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] My interest is mathematical biology, including mathematical modeling, computational methods, and technology in math education. I have done research on the interaction of the AIDS virus and the major human immune cells at the cellular level, and the employment of advanced numerical methods in the simulation process. Mark Besonen, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research is focused on the use of paleo records, typically sediment cores, to document environmental and climatic change over the last few thousand years. I am developing records of past hurricane activity and drought in the South Texas area as well as on a series of geoarchaeological projects, mostly based in the northeastern Mediterranean, to provide paleoenvironmental, paleogeographic, and paleoclimatic information for archaeological projects there. Potential students would participate in local fieldwork and lab analyses related to these projects, or potentially a related project of their own conception. Fereshteh Billiot, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] My research is heavy in instrumentation, so students get to use a variety of state of the art instrumentations, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography. Currently, students are working on synthesis of amino acids based surfactants for analysis of chiral compounds using NMR spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis with the main focus on the effect of pH on mechanism of the chiral separation. Gregory Buck, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] The long-term goal is to determine how V. vulnificus can go from freeliving forms to association with mollusks and shellfish, and how it cancause disease in humans. The objective is to determine how vibrios survive environmental stresses and the genes involved, as well as characterize vibrios by PCR. Another project involving regulation of aromatic substances in Pseudomonas putida is also available. Students MUST have a "B" or better in Microbiology. Genetics is strongly suggested, and courses in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are helpful. I am not interested in students who wish to solely "check off" an activity box for professional school. Students must be able to safely work alone withpathogenic bacteria, do research independently after 3 months, and to work as a team member with graduate students and other undergraduates. Kirk Cammarata, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] Understanding the effects of environmental pollution on estuarine systems requires knowledge of seagrass response to stress at genomic, physiological and ecosystem levels. Fluorescence imaging is used to study how field fertilization experiments stimulate growth of epiphytic algae that attach to and shade the seagrass leaves. DNA fingerprinting characterizes the microbial communities in biofilms and how they change in response to eutrophication or pollutants. DNA sequencing and genomic analyses are used to discover the stress response pathways to develop indicators of impending loss of seagrass beds. Tim Causgrove, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] My research is in protein dynamics and folding. Our main effort is in using molecular dynamics simulations to study the range of structures adopted by intrinsically disordered proteins, and how that range of structures is changed when the protein interacts with biologically relevant ligands. Other computer-based modeling methods are also used. Jeremy L. Conkle, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research focuses on the fate, transport and health impacts (public and ecosystem) of pollutants in coastal environments. While these interests are broad, we are particularly interested in understanding the impacts of emerging contaminants, pesticides and marine microplastics. Our studies range from surveys of freshwater, coastal and marine environments to controlled laboratory experiments that seek to quantify contaminant effects on ecosystem function and organismal health. Please visit my website (http://conklelab.tamucc.edu) to learn more. Andreas Fahlman, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] I am interested in physiological traits used by marine mammals and birds to extend dive duration and depth. Projects include: comparing the structural and functional properties of the respiratory system in different marine mammals using mathematical models and empirical measurements on live animals and excised tissues. Other projects include working with the Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network. Luis Rodolfo Garcia Carrillo, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research draws from the areas of robotics, control theory, and computer vision. The study of these fields together with the essential underlying physics and sensors of unmanned agents problems allows the development of low-level autopilot strategies for stability, as well as of vision based higher-level functions for path planning. Experimental validation of our theoretical developments include autonomous navigation of small UAVs in hostile environments where human interactions are limited or not possible. James Gibeaut, Ph.D. [email protected] Associate Professor The Coastal & Marine Geospatial Lab seeks to understand the dynamic links between geomorphology, sediments, hydrology, climate, and biology that create the environments of coastal zones. We apply remote sensing, ground studies, and geographic information systems to build time series of environmental conditions. These time series, combined with data on processes such as sea-level rise, storms, and human activities, are our chief tools for developing process-response models of geoenvironmental change. Maps and model results help develop and apply environmental policy. Research may involve: field work on the beaches and wetlands in the Corpus Christi area; data analysis using a variety of software packages, particularly the ArcGIS Geographic Information System; and environmental policy analysis. Xavier F. Gonzales, Ph.D., MSPH Visiting Assistant Professor [email protected] My research interest lies in the effects of stress and psychological disorders on health, disease development, and the human microbiome. We currently work on three areas of study within this topic. First, how the psychosocial environment affects the health of an individual along with the impact stressors play on the immune system. Second, the effects of psychopathology on the immune system and how perceived stresses are assessed. Third, the role of endocrine factors released during stress on regulating the host microbial environment to promote disease progression. In this work, we utilize in vitro models that include a variety of human and rodent cell types and in vivo models that include rodents and freshwater/marine species. As a group, we are interested in students that have a strong desire to continuously discover new relationships on stress and disease. David Grisé , Ph.D. Professional Assistant Professor [email protected] I am a plant ecologist interested in the physiological basis of ecologically-important traits and how these impact plant community composition. I am also interested in how plants deal with stress at both the physiological and ecological level and have worked with species both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Current projects include using sunflowers as a model species to better understand responses to climate change in Central and South Texas. J. Derek Hogan Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research is in the area of ecology and marine biology with a focus on migration and dispersal of aquatic organisms. We use genetics and geochemistry to track animal movements in tropical and temperate ecosystems. Xinping Hu, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research focuses on marine carbon cycle, including examining carbon fluxes at both sediment-water and air-sea interfaces, ocean and estuary acidification, sediment biogeochemistry, and stable isotope geochemistry. One project looks at water column chemistry changes in the northern Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon Oil spill. I am looking for a student with excellent analytical skills. Course preparations should include general chemistry and analytical chemistry. There may be opportunities to participate in research cruises and field trips. Yuxia (Lucy) Huang, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] I am interested in Geographic Information System (GIS) usage and applications in medical and in healthcare systems, particularly in using GIS to help expand our understanding of health disparities in communities. My recent research deals with spatial accessibility to health care facilities and its relationship with preventable hospitalizations for elderly. I also study statistical analysis and visualization of spatial health-related data, and individual-based model of the spread of infectious diseases. Junior or senior level students from GIS, public health, social science, mathematics, and computer sciences with good academic standing are preferred. Gary Jeffress, Ph.D. Professor [email protected] I oversee research at the Conrad Blucher Institute where we observe scientific physical oceanographic data along the Texas Gulf coast via the Texas Coastal Ocean Observation Network. These data are quality controlled and displayed on the Internet in near real time. We employ undergraduate and graduate students to assist us. Students have been funded to use these data to design and build useful smartphone apps for coastal users. We employ students from Geographic Information Science, Math, Computer Science, and Engineering programs. An interest in coding software and the Internet is an advantage. Jinha Jung, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research focuses on advanced remote sensing data analysis for interdisciplinary research projects leveraging my specialties in Civil Engineering, Remote Sensing, Geospatial Science, and High Performance Computing. We are specialized in processing LiDAR and hyperspectral data for monitoring environmental resources, and also developing advanced remote sensing algorithms for high performance computing environments. The advanced remote sensing algorithms are also integrated into GIS platform using free and open source software packages so that developed tools are readily accessible to larger audiences. Students with strong math, statistics, programming background and interested in working on challenging engineering problems are encouraged to contact me for further discussion. Iltai (Isaac) Kim, Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research interests are nano-bio-chemical sensing, micro/nanoscale fluidics and heat transport, and energy conversion such as solar harvesting and thermophotovoltaics using the synergy of nano-bio photonic technique and engineering. Research projects include development of three-dimensional thermal energy diagnostic tools in hyperthermia therapy of cancer and tumor using metal or magnetic nanoparticles; In-situ monitoring of ionic distribution in micro/nanopores in shale gas/oil production; real-time optical characterization of nanofluids, development of portable oil leak detection device; superresolution surface plasmon resonance imaging microscopy using hyperbolic metamaterials; highly efficient hybrid nanostructure consisting of hyperbolic nanostructures and photosynthetic molecules for solar energy harvesting and thermophotovoltiacs. Interdisciplinary background such as engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology are preferred. Patrick Larkin. Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] My research focuses on the genetics and biochemistry of native plant species and involves conservation genetics and natural products chemistry. The conservation genetic work focuses on measuring genetic variation and gene flow among native plant populations, especially those impacted by fragmentation and human disturbance. Species studied include seagrasses (Halodule wrightii, Thalassia testudinum), terrestrial legumes (Desmanthus virgatus), and invasive species such as Kleberg’s Bluestem (Dichanthium annulatum). The natural products work focuses on the isolation and characterization of novel compounds from native plant species. Both areas involve a combination of molecular and field techniques. A major goal is to aid in the design of appropriate habitat management plans. Chuntao Liu Ph.D. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research focuses on understanding global severe weather, including lightning, thunderstorms, squall lines, hurricanes, etc. There are several projects running in 2014 that need help. 1) We are starting an atmospheric science undergraduate student program. We need a web-design genius to help us develop the program main webpage at: http://atmos.tamucc.edu/ 2) I need to compile a large satellite dataset to study cloud and precipitation for a NASA project and need help on dataset downloading and organizing. 3) Some help is needed in building a recent year tropical cyclone (or called “Hurricane” in US, “Typhoon” in Asian, and “Cyclone” in Australia) database. Contact me if you are interested in the storms and happen to be a good computer programmer and are willing to help. Ruby Mehrubeoglu, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] In the HOPI Lab, we are all about optics, imaging and data processing as they apply to multidisciplinary research projects in science and engineering. We use hyperspectral, thermal and other digital imaging modalities to investigate biological, environmental, marine, and mechanical/electrical engineering problems. Our most recent projects include metal surface defect detection; hyperspectral imaging of cell cultures, algal species, corals, bacterial colonies, seagrasses; thermal imaging for oyster shell weight, thickness and strength trends; optical property measurements and real-time computer interfacing; and distributed/parallel algorithms for image processing. Students from all majors, including but not limited to School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, PENS and LSCI, are welcome to participate in research projects in the HOPI lab. Students will engage in experimental data acquisition and analysis using various software. Paul Montagna, Ph.D. Harte Research Institute Chair & Professor [email protected] My research projects are primarily focused on the need for environmental flows to sustain bay health, and effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep sea benthos. Specific project locations are in San Antonio Bay, Corpus Christi Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico. Research methods include invertebrate taxonomy, nutrient chemistry, sediment characteristics, GIS, modeling, web design, and data management. Riccardo Mozzachiodi, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] My laboratory is exploring the mechanisms by which external and internal stimuli alter behaviors and behavioral choices in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Using in vivo behavioral procedures and neurophysiological techniques in in vitro reduced preparations, different forms of behavioral plasticity are studied at behavioral, network and single-cell levels. Emphasis is given to the study of simple forms of learning and to the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying memory formation and maintenance. Students have the opportunity to become familiar with behavioral protocols and neurophysiological techniques and conduct research using these approaches in the area of behavioral neurophysiology. Students may decide to be involved in the behavioral and/or neuro- physiological aspects of the project. A background in cellular/animal physiology and a general interest in neurosciences are recommended. Dorina Murgulet, Ph. D., P.G. Assistant Professor [email protected] My research focuses on understanding hydrological and geochemical processes associated with groundwater and surface water interaction as well as reconstruction of groundwater contamination sources and transport. We are working on groundwater-surface water interaction in a semi-arid coastal area using isotopes and other forensic geochemistry methods (GIS, remote sensing techniques, and groundwater modeling). The research includes understanding: a) groundwater contributions to water quality and habitat degradation in coastal embayments; b) groundwater discharge zones and surface water salinity variations; c) the role of groundwater nutrients in system-wide nutrient budgets; and d) hypoxia and phytoplankton trends in relation to groundwater flow and nutrient discharge. Other topics include: groundwater vulnerability assessments and aquifer characterization; nutrient sources and biological/ geochemical processes associated with nutrient fluxes and transport to groundwater and coastal waters; groundwater assessments in response to drought conditions and increased stress conditions due to aquifer overdevelopment. Cherie McCollough, Ph.D. Associate Professor [email protected] I conduct research in science teaching and learning; evaluation of science curricula; culturally relevant curriculum in science; and science preservice teacher teaching and learning. Accepting undergraduates and graduates with an interest in teaching and/or researching secondary and post-secondary sciences. 97mm 96mm
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