b Y , Mar l i n Br as i e r , J ohn Cowi e and Mi c hael T av l or Deci s i on on t he Precambri an-Cambri an boundar y s t r at ot ype T he Gl ob al St r at ot y pe S e ( , t i on a nd Poi ntj b r t he Pr o - t er oz oi C -Cani br i an bot i ndarv has been agr eed upon. Th e bo t i n dar Y i s de ine f d i n a c o as t al s e c t i o n ne ar t he l ov i l n O f ' For t u ne i n s ot i t he a s t e , 二 Ne t y l) f u ndl and, Canada. domi nat e el s e whe r e. I t wi t s f or t hi s r e as ( 川t ha t B Da i l y ( u np ub- l i s he d) emp ha s i s e d t h e pot e nt i al of ' [ r a c e f os s i l s t r a t i g r a phy a s a s ub s i di a r y gui V de . Thi s wa s l ' ol l owcd i n 1 97 4 by a me e t i n g i n Pa r i s . a t whi c h t h e f ol l o wi n g P oi nt s We r e 1 . 1 1 1 a ni n i ous l y ag r e e d ( Co wi e, 1 992) . Th e p r i ma r y t a s k o f t h e Wor ki ng Gr ou p wa s t he c h oi ce o f a s t r a- L ot yp e b oun da r y p oi n t , - a s ec o nda r y t a s k wa s t h e c on s i d er a t i on o t a s s oc i a t e d s t r a t i gr a phi c di vi s i on s a bov e a nd b el ow t h e b ou nd- ar y. I ntr oduct i on Th e p r o b l e m o f t h e P r e c a mb r i a n - C a mb r i a n b o u n d a r y i s p a r t o f o n e ol ' i h e L r e at c s t e ni g ma s o f t h e f o s s i l r e co r d; i . e. t h e r e l at i ve l y ab r up t a pp ea r a n c e of s k el e t a l f os s i l s a n d c ompl e x, de e p b ur r o ws i n s e di - An y s uc c e s s i on s el e c t e d f or t he bo un da r y poi nt mu s t be a s c on - inU f OU S as p os s i bl e, mar i n e . a nd a s mon of a ci al as pos s i bl e } t h e mai n met h od of gui da nc e i n s el e ct i o n s h oul d b e bi os t r a t i g - r ap hy a l t h ou gh al l p os s i bl e me t h ods of c or r e l a t i on s hou l d b e enl i st ed. i ner r i ar y Succes si ons ar ound t he wor l d. As wi l l be r ecount ed bel ow, Th e ' Edi a c a r a' t yp e f a u na s h oul d b e c ons i de r e d a s Pr e ca mb r i a n - Th e ' ol ei i e l l i d/ t ' a l l ot a s p i d' t r i l obi t e f a u na s s h ou l d be c o ns i d e r e d i t s de ini f t i on ha s i n vo l v e d t h e r ol l i n g ba c k o f a ma j o r f r on t i e r i n g eol og y ov e r t h e l a s t t h r e e d e ca de s . as Cambr i an- Bet ween t he ' Edi acar a' and t he t r i l obi t e f aunas , t hos e foss i 川七r - Unt i l t he l at e 1 940s . i t was as s umed t hat t he Pr ecambr i an was l a r g el y wi t h out f os s i l s a nd t ha t t h e ba s e o f t he Ca mb r i a n wa s ma r k e d by t h e l o we s t a p pe a r a n ce o f t r i l o bi t e s , e . g. t he ' Ol e n el l u s Zon e' of ' Wa l c ot t( 1 8 9 0) a n d Wh e e l er门9 47) . Mo r e t r a di t i on a l l y, i t wa s dr a wn a [ a r eu i on al Un c on f or mi t y be l ow t h em, c - g. i n Ra yn e r( 1 9 67) . Th e ir f s t s t e ps t owa r ds a mor e pr e c i s e d ef i n i t i on of t h e b a s e wer e t a k e n i n 1 9 6 0. a t t h e Nor de n I GC i n Co p en ha g en . wh en M F Gl a es s - ne t - pr o pos e d t h e e s t ab l i s h me nt o f a Sub c ommi s s i on on Ca mbr i a n St r a t i or C a phy , a n d i n 1 96 8 wh e n Cha i r man C I St ub bl ef i el d a n d Se c- r e t a r y J W Cowi e c h os e t h e pr ob l em of ' t he ' Ba s e oft he Ca mbr i a n Sys t e m' i t s on e of i t s f i r s t t a s ks . By t h i s t i me, t he e xi s t e n c e ol ' a l a t es t Pr e c a mbr i an f au na was wi de l y a c kn owl e dg e d, e. g - i n Gl a e s s n e r a n d Wa d e( 1 9 66) , a n d wor k b y Ru s s i a n g L , e ol og i s t s wa s be g i nn i n g t o d emo ns t r a t e a pr e - t r i l obi t i c s u cc e s s i on o f s ke l et a l f a un a s , whi c h we r e r ef er r e d t o t he Ca mbr i an Sys t e m. e . v. i n Roz a no v( 1 9 67) . Me e t i ng s on t h e bo un da r y we r e or g an i z e d f or t he I GC i n Cze c h os l o - vaki a i n 1968, and at Mont r eal i n 1 972. Much di s cus si on ens ued at t h e l a t t e r n i c e l i n g an d i t ' Wor k i n - . Gr oup on t h e Pr e c a r r i br i a n -Ca m- br i a n Bou nd a r y' ( PC- CBWG) wa s f o r me d, wi t h J W Cowi e a s i t s Ch ai r ma n. Some o f t h e hi s t or y of t h e Wo r ki ng Gr ou p h a s b e en s u m- mar i zed el sewher e ( Cowi e, 1 992) . I n e f f e c t , t hi s Wor ki n g C Gr ou p was s et t i ng i t s el f t he c ha l l e ng- i n a t a s k ofde in f i n g t he ' b ot t om l i n e' oft h e bi os t r a t i g r a p hi c s c a l e ; i . e .[ ( )di s c ove r , na i ne a nd i nt e r pr e t f os s i l s whe r e f e w h a d be e n f ou nd be f or e . Man y o f t h e f os s i l s un ea r t h e d ov e r t h e f ol l owi ng d ec a d es we r e n ot r e f e r a bl e t o pr evi ou s l y kn own gr ou ps a nd t h ei r p ot e nt i a l f or s t r at i g r a p hi c c or r el a t i on was , t h er e f or e, c ompl e t e l y unt est ed. Th e Wor ki nV g Gr oup he l d i t s f i r s t f i e l d me et i nV g i n Si be r i a i n 1 973, s p ons or e d b y t h e Aca d er ny of Sci en c es of t h e USSR, t o co n- s i de r pos s i bl e s t r a t o t yp e s F or t he Pr e ca mb r i a n -Ca mb r i an b oun d- a r y a l o ng t h e mi ddl e r e a c he s of t h e Al da n a n d Le na r i v er s i n Ya k uL i a, e a s t er n Si b er i a. Her e , 2 9 F or e i gn M ge C ol ogi s t s we r e i n t r o- ou s s u c c e s s i on s t ha t C oul d n ot b e a l l oc a t e d wi t h c e r t a i nt y t o ei t her t he Pr ecambr i an or t he Cambri an, s houl d have t he W or k- i n g Gr oup’ S C l o s e a t t e nt i on. I n c r ea s e d S U ppo r t f or wor k on t h e boun da r y wa s ma de pos s i - bl e i n 1 974, whe n ' The Pr e c ambr i an -Car nb r i a n Bo unda r y' wa s a c c ep t e d i t s Pr oj ec t 29 b y t he I GC1 3 Boa r d. A me e t i n g i n Cam- br i da e . UK, i n 1 978. r evi ewe d di s c ov er i e s Of S Ub- t r i l obi t i c s ma l l skel et al f ossi 卜 and [ r ace f ossi l s fr om ar ound t he worl d, as wel l as t h e p ot en t i al: ) 「u n aC c y n e t os t r at i gr a phy. Th e Camb r i dge me et i n g r e c ommend e d t o t he Wo r k i ng Gr ou p t ha t " The Pr e c a mb r i an - Ca mbr i an b oun da r y s h oul d be pl a c ed a s cl os e a s i s pr a ct i c ab l e t o t h e ba s e Of t he ol de s t s t r at i gr a phi c uni t t o yi el d Tor ni not i a n ( s e ns u l a t o) f o s s i l a s s embl a ge s " ( Cowi e , 1 9 78) . Al t ho ugh t he r e was l i t t l e s upp or t at t hi s t i me f or i t boun da r y d ef i n e d b y t r a c e f os - s i J s . t hei r pot en t i a l f o r t he c or r el at i on ot s t r at a be l o w t he f i r s t t r i l obi t e s wi t s no w b ei ng e xpl or e d ( s e e Al p e r t , 1 9 77; Br a s i e r , 1 979, igur f e I ) . Candi dat es f or t he Pr ecani bri an-Cani br i an GSSP wer e di s- cu s s e d i n s ome d et a i l a t a me c t i n g C . i n Br i s t ol , Engl a n d i n 1 9 83 . a n d t hr e e wer e s el ect ed f or ( ur t her cons i der at i on, as f ol l ows. Ul a k ia f n - SL I I U . gL i r on t h e Al da n Ri v e r i n c a s t e r n Si b e r i a , o t t h e f o r mer USSR ( n ow i n Rus s i a) - , h e r e t he b oun da r y l e v el ( a t t h e b a s e of b e d 8) l a y i n c a r bo na t e f a c i e s , wi t h i n a s u c c e s s i on o f s ma l l s ke l e t a l f o s s i l s a nd a l g a e t h a t l a y be l ow t he e a r l i e s t ar ch a e oc y at h an s , br a c hi o pod s a n d ot h e r ma r k e t s ot b Tommot i a n t yp e' : t hi s s e c t i on wa s wel l k no wn a n d wel l s t u di e d. The s e ct i on a t Me i s hu cun n e ar Kunmi n g, i n Yunn a n Pr ov i nc e of s o ut h e r n Chi n a. He r e, t he b oun da r y l ev el ( Ma r ke r B) l a y wi t hi n a phos ph or i t e f a ci e s a n d wa s mar k e d b y t h e a br up t ap pe a r an c es of ph os p ha t i s e d i ni cr omol ki s cs a nd p r o bl ema t i c a. Thi s sect i on was wel l - s t udi ed but l i t t l e known out s i de of Chi na. Sever al sect i ons on t he Bur i n Peni ns ul a of s out heas t er n New- duced t o t he ' Tommoi i an I ' auna' and t he sect i ons of Rozanov and f oundl and, Canada; her e bot h smal l skel et al f ossi l s and t r a ce f os- o t he r s( 1 969) 一Me mbe r s di s c us s e d, n ot f or t h e l a s t t i me , t he or i gi n of ' t he l owe s t s ma l l s he l l y f os s i l ( SSF) a s s cr nbl ag l e i n be d 8 a t Ul a kha n Sul u gur , t ha t was r e f e r r e d t o t h e ba s e O t t h e Tommot i a n St a ge ( Cowi e a n d Ro za n ov, 1 97 4) . Di s c us s i on s al s o f o cus e d on t he r e l at i on s hi p b e t we e n l i t hof a c i e s a nd bi of a ci e s , n ot a bl y t h e si l s wer e known t o occur i n i t r ni xed car bonal e- si l i ci cl as t i c suc- p r obl em of c or r el a t i nC g ca r b ona t e s he l f f a c i es wi t h ar c ha e o cy- a t h a ns ( a s i n Si be r i a) wi t h cl a s t i c s he l f t o b a s i n al f a c i e s t ha t pr e - , 广 _1 1 1 气, 污 卜 , I , c e s s i o n. Onl y o u t l i n e s t u di es we r e av a i l a bl e f r om t hi s r e gi on a n d no pr e c i s e s e c t i o n wa s p i n po i n t e d. At t hi s me e t i n g, i t wa s a g a i n d e c i d e d t ha t t he bo un da r y s t r a t o - t ype shoul d be pl a ced "as cl ose as pr act i cabl e t o t he l owes t known a p p ea r a n c e of di v er s e s he l l y f o s s i l s wi t h a go od p ot en t i a l f o r c or r e - l a t i on " ( Cowi e, 1 98 5) . Su ch a n e mph a s i s u p on SS1 7 s p r ov i d e d a gr e a t 了 S t i 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 L I S[ 。 、t h ei r s t u dy. bu t t h e r e wa s g r o wi n g co nc er n ab ou t t he i r u t i l i t y f or c on - c l a t i on. A pr e l i mi na r y man da t e F ori l l e Mei s h UC UI I S C C - t i o n wa s de l ' e r r e d at t he Mo s c o w I GC i n 1 9 84, whe n i t wa s r e c og- n i s e d t h at g r e a t e r i nt er na t i on a l a I g r e e me nt oi l SSF t a x on omy wa s n e c e s s a r y- ' I ’ h i s l e d t o , - i n " SSFWor ks ho p" i n Up ps al a i n 1 98 6, or g a - n i z e d bv S Be na t s on. I t c a l l n ow b e s ee n t h a t t h i s me c t i ng r e s ul t ed i n s e v er al ne w t hr u s t s . Fi r s t , i t b e c al m a p pa r e nt t h at t h e b oun d a r y S L I C - h owev e r - t h a t [ l i e wh ol e s e c t i on was r ema gn e t i s e d i n Or dov i c i an t i me s . A Wo r ki ng Gr oup vi s i t t o t h e Bur i n Pe ni ns u l a i n 1 97 9 was l ' ol l owed u p b y i mp or t a nt , r oun d wor k on SSFs . t r a c e l os s i l s a n d I i [ ho s t r a t i gr a p hy ( Be n gi s on a n d Fl e t c h e r , 1 981 .1 983) . Fur t he r r e s e ar c h e s C ul mi n a t e d i n a s er i e s ol ' pa pe r s whi c h d et a i l e d t h e s t r a t i - g O I r a Phi p c di l 、 S 1 h 1 ・ - i bU L l t i ( o 川 n ( o ) f t r a c el e OS S j l S , SS[ 7 s a nd l i t h os t r a t i - r a ph y ces si ons i n Chi na ha d i t di st i nct char act er , whi ch Coul d be t ra ced i nt o b onn e a n d Myr o w, 1 9 98: La n di ng, 1 988 ; La nd i ng a nd ot he r s , I n d i a . P ak i s t a n a nd I r a n ( Br a s i e r , 1 99 9a) bu t c or r e l a t i on b e yo nd t h es e f or me r t e r r a n es of ' Go ndwa n a wa s mor e pr ob l en i a t i c a l . Sc c - on d, i t c r i co ur a - e d t h e vi e w t ha t s mal l s k el et a l l os s i l s wer e ] oi l , , - r an gi ng , h i g hl y va r i a bl e , ov e r - s p l i t t a x on omi c al l y, t a ph on ot ni ca l l y p o or l y un de r s t o od . of te n r es t r i c t e d by I a ci e s a n d pr ov i n c i a l i n di s t r i - b ut i o n ( La ndi ng a n d ot h er s . 1 98 9} Qi a n i i n d Be l l " I s on , 1 98 9) . Ai t empt s We r e Ma de t o d r a w [ l i e da t a oi l pa r i de mi c l or n i s t ot g - e t he r , C O MPa r i l l " , t h e f i r s t a pp C i t r al l US 01 一 S L I C C C S S I V C . t a Xa Oi l i t 0l 1 ob a l S c al e ( c . -. Br a s i e r , 1 989 b) b ut t h e r e s u l t s WC I - C not C i l l i l - C I V C U I C0 1 - 1 1 - a l l i ng I ' m h i g h- r e s ol ut i o n s t r a t i g r a p hy. Th e p r obl e ms of ' SSI } s we r e b eg i n - ni ng . t o c o me i nt o l o cu s . Kn owl e d L g , e a bo ut t h e Ch i n es e s ec t i on s i mpr ov e d a f t e r vi s i t s b y Gr o up me mb er s i n [ l i e l a t e 1 9 70 s . - i n ( [ c a r l y 1 980 s , a n d mos t e s pe - c i al l y a te f r p ub l i c a t i on s i n Engl i s h ( I AI O a n d ot he r s . 1 9 84, Xi ng a n d o t h er s , 1 9 9 1 ) an d t he i nt e r n a t i on a l mee t i nu oi l i i f eTe r i n i n a l Pr e c a m- br i a n an d Cambr i a n Sys t ems a t Yi ch a nt g } i n 1 9 87. The p r obl e ms of ' c o r r el a t i nZ g - . t h e t hr e e S U b- t r i l obi t i c n i a r k e r s a ( Me i s hU C L I I ) ( t e r me d A, B a nd C) we r e r ev i ewe d i n En , g hs h h y Br a s i e r( 1 9 89 a) . Sc i en t i s t s 1 989) . ( Cr i mes and Ander s on, 1 985: Nar bonne and ot her s . 1 997: Nar - An u n de r man di ng e me r g e d t h a t SSFs , whi c h ha d hi t h e r t o pr o- v i de d t h e f oc us of 一 Wor ki ng Gr ou p di s cu s s i o ns , We r e ve r y g r e at l y af f ec t e d b V p r ovi n ci a l i s m a n d a Vi r t u a l r e s t r i c t i o n t o s h al l ow c a r b on - at e f a c i es . Thi s s u gge s t e d . t o s ome, t ha t c l e ini f t i on of t he b ou nd ar y mi ah t be b e t t e r ( T Ui d e d by [ r a c e f os s i l s a s wel l i t s b od y f o s s i l s . The a dva n l a a c s of t r a c e f o s s i l s we r e s t r e s s e d t o h e a s f ol l o ws ( c . ( , Cr i me s . 1 98 7} Na r bon ne a nd o t h e r s . 1 997 . Na r b onn e a n d Myr o w 1 988) . ' I ’ h e y a r e e s p e ci a l l y co mmon i n s i l i ci c l a s t i c I l ' a ci e s . i n wh i c h SSI ' s ar c t yp i c a l l y r a r e a n d p oor l y p r e s e r v e d- Thi s i s i mp or t a nt s i nc e t h es e de p os i t s c omp r i s e n e a r l y 7 0 p e r c e nt of ' e xp os e d r oc k s i n t he boundar y i nt er val . Camb r i a n t r a ce l os s i l s a p p ea r t o h a ve b e e n l e s s r e s t r i c t e d i n i e r n i s ofha bi l a t r a ng e t ha n i n l at e r i nt e r v al s . Sev e r a l S u c c e s s i v e t r a c e f o s s i l z o n es f r o m a r o un d t h e wor l d ma y be r e c o( mi z e d i n s t r a t a b el o w t h e l owe s t t r i l ob i t e s . I ' l i e s e z on es i nc l u de i ch nog en e r a wi t h i t l i mi t e d S t r a L i I g r ap hi c Out s i de Chi na s howed cons i der abl e concer n about ive f I ' a ct or s r el a t- r an- e an d i t b r oa d s t r a t i g r aphi c di s t r i bUt i O1 1 . Oft h es e. t he Ph) - i n , ) t o t h e GSSP c a ndi d at e a t Me i s hL I C 1 1 1 1 - c ode s pe t hi m Zon e a s s e mbl a l y e c ont a i n s t ypi c al Ca mbr i a n i c h- Th e c ompa r at i ve a ge ol ' i l i e Zon e 1 1 a s s embl a- c a bov e Ma r k er not ax a i n i - t hi , y h - di vc r s i t y a s s embl ag e wi t h br a nc he d mor - B, ch os e n by ( l i e Chi nes e a s [ l i e C an di d at e b oun dar y [ ) Oi l l l } phol ogi e s , c ompl e x f e edi n g bur r ows . es ca pe t r a ce s an d t h i s qu es t i on ar os e b e ca us e i t was t hou ght. ‘ )co nt a i n l os s i l s dwel l i nt , . bur r ows . ' ] ' he U nde r l yi ng Hai - ki ni el l a pot i o l i c a Zone f ou nd ab ove t h e Tor ni l l ot i a n i n Si b er i a( Be nr g . , i s on an d ot he r s , a s s embl a t l e i s of l ower di ve r s i t y an d c ompr i s es si mpl e. hor i - 1 994) } z ont a l . s e di r r i en t - I c e de r t r a ce s , c. a. Ne n mi l e s , I ' al u eo pas ci ch- 111is. Th e p r e s e n c e ol ' a pos s i bl e ga p_ j U s I b el ow Ma r ke t - B, s ho wn by a n a b r u p t c h an g z l } e i n l i t hol " a c i es ( c. g. I Br a s i c i ,1 98 91 1 : La ndi n 1 g . Th e r a i l o es of Har l ani el l a pml of ic a a nd Ph) - c oe l e s pe dum a r c 1 994) . b e l i e ve d not t o ov er l ap } one s uc c e e ds [ he o t he r . pr ovi di ng . i t The l ac k‘ ) 门1 1 1 . 1 1 1 al C01 1 01 1 1 . 1 i t V bet ween [ l i e t hr ee mar ker s, al so r a r e ex a mpl e oi加Ur i al r e pl ac e me nt wi t hi n i t b oun da r y s uc c es - si on. s u} - L , - e s t i v e of ' br e a ks i n [ he s e que n ce ( Qi a n a t 记 Ben gt s on . 1 999) . At Fo r t une Head. Bur i n Peni ns ul a, t hes e t wo I r aces ar e seen Th e i nt er p r e t a t i on ol ' c a r b on i s o t o pi c p r oj i l e s r e po r t e d b y Br a s i e r a n d ot h er s( 1 99 0) . F or ex a mpl e . Ki i - s ch vi n k a n d ot h e r s( 1 9 91 ) s m-es t e d t h a t Zo ne I f i i i i - l i t c o r r el a t e wi t h t h e b a s a l Ai da ba n i a n wi t hi n i t s t r a t i -r a p hi c s u c c e s s i on t h a t s h ows l i t t l e ev i d e nc e ol ' e nv i r onme n t a l c ha n ge. Cor r e l a t i o ns of t h e b oun da r y l e ve l a r e a l s o pos s i bl e b e t we en For t un e He a d a n d ot he r l oc a l i t i e s on t h e CXCL II - Si ons i n Si beri a. Bur i n Pen i n s ul a . Si mi l ar f au na l c ha n ge s We r e Pu r po r t ed t o t a k e ’ I ’ h e i n t e r pr el a t i on of ' R b / Si - c l a y mi n e r al i s o ch r on s W, g. 5 96. 91 pl a c e a t ot h er l oc a l i t i e s a r ou nd t he wor l d. 4. 6 Ma , Xi ng an d ot h e r s , 1 9 91 ) : r e c e nt da t a 1 ' r om L J - Pb i s oc hr o ns The s e i d ea s we r e di s cus s ed ! I t a r n ec t i q g a t St J oh n’ s . Ne w- I ' r or n a s h h an ds n e ar Ma r k e t - 1 3 i n di c at e i t muc h yo uno e r a g e of f 0t i ndl an d i n Au gus t 1 99 7. an d f ol l owed by f ’ i el d ex cur s i ons 52 51 7 Ma ( Con i p s l on a n d ot he r s , 1 992) . t hr ouo h t h e ' Te r mi na l Pr ot e r oz oi c' a nd l owe r Cambr i a n ( Na r - Fur t her document at i on al s o became ava i l abl e on t he Si ber i an bonn e, 1 9K ) . By t hi s t i me. t h e Wor ki nC g ( ! ] - Out ) was un de r s or n e se ct i ons (Sokol ov an( ] Zhur avl eva, 1 % 3} Rozanov and Sokol ov, pr e s s ur e t o r e a ch a de ci s i on , b ec a us e i t ha d e xa mi ne d t h e pr obl e m 1 9 8 4) a n d s ome me mb e r s ol ' t h e Wo r ki n g Gr ou p wer e a bl e t o ex a m- s i n ce 1 97 2. I t wa s al s o c l e a r t ha t whi l s t i t mi ' l l - i t he pos s i bl e t o i n e t h e GSSP a t Ul a k h an - SUI L 1 2 , 1 I . I r dU r i nO山e S ec o nd I n t e r n at i ona l r ea c h a d ec i s i on on t he b oun da r y p oi nt , i t s g l ob al c or r el a t i on wi t s SV I I 1 p OS i UI I I Oi l t he Ca mb r i a n Sy s t e r n i n 1 9 90 ( As t a shk i n a nd o t h e r s . goi ng t o be ope n t o wi de di s pu t e . Non- bi os t r a t i g r aphi c met hods 1 9 90) . I t s p ot e n t i a l 1 " or c a r bo n i s ot op e - a n d ma gn el os t r a t i g r a ph y of con- cl a i i o n. S uc h i t s c a r bon一 ,s t r ont i um一 ,e v en1 - s t r al j ar a ph y a p p ea r e d go od W. g . Ki r s c hv i n k a nd ot h e r s . 1 9 9 1 ) . Di s cu s s i o n, ho w- , a n d o V e oc hr on ol o C g y - Wou l d b e n e ed ed t o i mpr ov e s t r a t i L o - r a phi c r e s - ev e r , c e nt r e d o n t he o r i g i n ol ' h cd 8: Wa s i t 1 1 S t r a t I iC f L I l a ye r . or wa s i t ol u t i on a t t hi s l ev el . A pr opo s al wa s put f or wa r d. t h e r e f or e , by M pi pe d d own a l on g k a r s t i c l i S S L I I - C S i f - 0 1 1 1 a bo ut ; I i ne t r e a b ov e " Sup po r t [ )Br a s i e r a nd K J Hs u t o t he I GCP Boa r d i n 1 989. t o e 1 1 C OL 1 r a( 1 c l " o r t h e f a t t e r vi e w was o i v e n b v l i e l d d a t a ( Kh on i c ni ov s k y a n d ot h- 5 S : L I c1 C l ll 1 r ℃ es c e : a 1 1 r ・ c he 、t s t hr l , : o 川a u gh a p r o J e c t on ' Pi - e c: i i i l bi - i i i i i - ( ' a i nb i - j ai i e r s , 1 99 0) b ut i s ot o pi c da t a ha s pr ov e d mor e e qui v oc a l ( Br a s i e r a n d Ev ent St r a t i g r a p hy' . Pr o j e ct 3 03 was a c ce pt ed an d i t s f i r s t i ne c t - ot h e r s , 1 99 3) 一A vi e w i s e me r gi ng ol ' i t wi de s pr e a d u n c onf or ' n i i L y i n - - ( , t ook pl a c e i n Si he r i a i n J ul y-AuI MS I 1 990. The f i ndi n gs of near t he bas e of ' t he Toni ni ot i an acr os s i nuch of ' t he Si beri an Pl at - t h i s p r o J e ct ha ve a n i mp or t a nt h ea r i n g on co r r e l a t i on of t he Pr o- l ' o r n i . r e pr e s c mi ng . - I hi a [ L I S 01 ' 1 1 1 1 C CI l a i n dur a t i o n ( C. g . La n di ng c ar r i b r i a n-Car nb r i an b oun da r y . whi c h wi l l be di S CL I s s e d e l s e- 1 994) . U n t i l 1 98 1 t h e p ot e n t i al Ol ' S OL 1 1 h e as i er n Ne Wl Of li dl an d I m i t i ni xe d. ca r b on al e / SSF - s i I i c i c l a s t i c / 1 r a c e, I os " s i I s t r a t i gr a p hy wa s l i t - l i e t est ed. Hut chi ns on(1962) and Gr eene and Wi l l i ams(1 974) ha d r ep or t e d SSFas s e r nbl a v es be l ow [ h e e ar l i es t I r i l o bi l e s . T P Fl et ch e r ( 1 97 8) ha d p r e s e nt e d a n Ou t l i n e S t r a t i gr a p hy( 们l i e Bur i n P en i n s ul a a t Camb r i dg e. Thi s wor k wa s l ' ol l owe d t i p by F u r t h cr it f h( ) 一a n d bi o- s t r at i g r a ph y CF P Fl e t che r , 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 - i l - i is f h ed) , a c c omp a ni e d by i naa ne t o- s t r a l i g r a ph y 0 Ki r s chv i n k, u npu bl i s he d) - Th e l i t t l e r di s c ove r e d. wher e. Th e chos en GSSP candi dat e at I - or t une Hcad. Bur i n Peni nsul a. Newf oun dl a nd wi t s f i r s t pu t f or war d b y Ca na di a n a nd US me mbe r s o ft hc Wor ki n g Gr oup i n 1 98 7. Th e r e s u l t s o fa s t r a w p ol l hel d i n St J ohn' s W t hat t i me seer ned f avour abl e ( Cowi e and Br asi er , 1 989) . Wr i t t e n pr op os a l s we r e t h en r eC I L I C s t e d by Ch ai r ma n J W Cowi e F r om each oft he t hr ee GSSP candi dat es. t o out l i ne t hei r ut i l i t v f or c o r r e l a t i on b y bi os t r a t i g r ap hi c a nd non - b i os i r at i or a phi c ( e . , , 1 , 1 . e oc l i r oi i ol o. L , i c . pa l a eor na g ne t i c a n d s t a bl e i s ot opi c) t e c hni qu e s , Mar ch & Ji me /9V4 f or a c c e s s i b i l i t y. a nd pot e nt i a l f or c on s e r v a t i o n. Th e s e we r e s u bmi t - t e d i n Oct ob e r 1 99 0 a s f ol l ows : A Yu Roz a n ov ( Ul a kha n - Sul u f L _ f) : Xi n o Y, Lu o. H, J i a ng, Z a nd Zh an g, S ( Mei S h Uc un ) : a n d E La n di n g a n d G N Na r bon n e ( For t u n e He a d, Ne wf oun dl an d) . A pos t a l ba l l o t ot t he 2 3 Vot i na Me mbe r s wa s a r r a ng e d b y J W Co wi e i n t h e Sp r i n g of 1 9 91 .Th i s ba l l ot r ec e i v e d a 1 00 pe r c en t r es po ns e, Y i v i n C - an ov e r al l maj or i t y ol ' 52 pe r c en t t o t he BUr i n c a nd i d a t e . 35 p e r c en t t o Chi n a a n d 1 3 p e r c en t t o Si b e r i a . F ol l owi n g t h e g ui dc l i ne s o1 ACS. a s e c o nd po s t al ba l l o t was h el d on t he Bur i n. } , L c t i on al on e , i n t h e S Ur n- n i e r of ' 1 9 9 1 , whi c h l e d t o a 61 p er c en t ma j or i t y f or t he s e c t i on a t F or t un e Hea d. Th i s ma j or i t y wi t s l a r g e e nou gh t o al l ow r a t i f i c a t i on by t h e I CS a n d t h e I UGS ( a t t he I GC i n Ky ot o . Augu s t 1 9 92) , wh en Cha i r man s hi p of ' t h e Ca mb r i a n Sub c ommi s s i on pa s s e d t o M D Br a s i e r . Re s p on s i b i l i t y f or t h e ba s a l b ou nda r y of t h e Ca mbr i a n al s o pa s s ed f r om t h e Wo r ki n C g Gr o up t o t h e Ca mb r i a n Su bc ommi s s i on a t I n t hi s r cC g i on , Ca mbr i an de po si t i on ( Fi gur e 2) wa s a cc o r nn i o - da t e d by l oc a l , l ong - t er m ex t ens i o n of t he ba s ement , c omp r i s i ng La t e Pr e c amb r i a n v ol c a ni c s a n d cl a s t i c s a f f e c t ed b y t he - Av a l o ni an Or og en' - Th e For t un e Ba y Ba s i n be ga n wi t h t h e d ep os i t i on ol 2 75 0 t i t ol ' upwar dl y f i ni n L g _ r e d b ed s t ha t g L _ r a d e i n t o p er i l i da l s an d- s t o ne s t i t t h e t op ( Ben g( s on an ( ] I 1 ci c he r . 1 9H 3. La ndi ng a nd ot he r s , 1 98 8) . Th e s e we r e s uc c e e de d by c a - 1 00 0 t i t of ' s i l i ci cl a s t i c s h el f ' l ' a c i es , p l a c e d i n t h e Cha p el I s l an d I - or ma t i on , an d d ep os i t e d d ur - i n , L _ y: :ma j o, 二、 c a l ev el ' c y cl e i t s f ol l ows : p er i t i da l s a n ds t on e a n d s ha l es ( Memb er I ) :S 1 . 01 - 1 1 1 - i nf I L I C1 1 C C d Mud dy d el t ai c a nd s h el f s a nds t on e s a n d I I I U ds t on cs ( Me mbe r 2A) } t hi nl y l a r n i n at e d s i l t - s t o ne s oft he di s t a l s h el f ' , d ep os i t e d be l ow wa v e ba s e ( Memb e r 21 3 t i n d Me mbe r 3) : U n Ud s t on c s wi t h t hi n l i mes t on e s . de p os i t e d u nd e r l ow e ne r gy, i nn er s h el f ' t o pe nt i d al c o n山t i ons ( Memb e r 4) : a n d thi s t ime. n a t e d s he l f( Myr ow an d Hi s c o l t , 1 99 4) . Th e s e wer e t h e n c a pp e d b y s ands t ones and si l t st ones of al l of f shor e t o shor el ' ace st or ni - domi - t he macr ol i dal s ands t ones al l ( ] s i l l st ones of t he Random For mat i on, whi ch ca l l b e t r a c e d a c r os s t h e Ava l onj an r e gi o n ( Hut c hi n s on, 1 96 2, La n di n g, 1 992) - Me mbe r I ol 一 t h e Cha p el I s l a n d Fo r ma t i on ( c a . 1 8 01 1 1 ) i nc l ude s u pp e r mos t Pr e ca mbr i an s e山me nt s . I t y i e l ds bi os t r a t i - g L , r a phi c al l y i mpor t an t t r a c e l os s i l s( 们h e Har t ani e l l a po dol i c a i c h - n ol ' os s i l Bi oz one ( Be na t s on a n d Fl e t ch er , 1 99 3二(. r i ni e s a n d And er s on, 1 9 85) 一 I l ar l an i e l l a po dol i c a a n d Pal ae o pa s c i c hi ms de l - i c ams r an C a . e i nt o Me mbe r 2 , wl i c r e山e y a r e l a s t s e en 0. 2 i l l b el ow The Fort une Head GSSP Th e F o r t u n e [ l e a d G S S P s e c t i o n I S S i t u a t e d n e a r t h e t i p o f t h e B u r i n Pe ni ns ul a . S ou t h e a s t e r n Ne wf ou n dl a n d ( f i g ur e I ) ,i n l ow c l i f f ' s t ha t e xt e n de d be y on d ' Fo r t u ne Dump’ . Ea s y a c c e s s i s p os s i bl e f r or n t h e t own of ' For t un e; t h er e a r e no p ol i t i c a l or g e og r a phi c a l pr o bl e ms o l a c c e s s . Th e s t r a l o t y pe wa s P i c t ur e d i n E - pi s od e s of ’ Dec emb e r 1 987 ( Nar bon ne , 1 98 7, f i gu r e I ) . Coa s t a l c l i f f ' c xp os u r e s a t F or t un e He a d di s pl a y s ome 44 0 m of ' t h e Ch a pe l I s l a n d Fo r mat i on. wi t h b e ds di ppi ng a[ 1 5 t o 46 d e gr e e s t o t he we s t ( s t e e p er di ps a r e t owa r d t he t o p( 们l i e s e c t i on) . Sev e r al S n I a l l f a U l l s ar e pr e s e n t we l l a b ov e t h e s t r at o t yp e l ev e l , b ut ma r ke t - h or i z on s a l l ow ea s y c or r e l at i o n a c r os s t h em ( Lan di ng a n d ot he r s . t he GSSI 1. Or Lani c- wal l ed t ubes of " Subef ie hl es cambf ie nst s l ' i l - SL a p pe a r ne a r t h e t op ol ' Me r n be r I a n d r an g e a t l e a s t i t s hi gh a s Mc m- her 4. The Subef idi l es candwi enst s skel et al l oss i l Bi ozone i s de f i n ed be t we en t h e F i r s t oc c ur r e n ce ol ' t hi s t ax on , an d t he hi -h e r f i r s t a pp e ar a n c e of c al c a r e ous l ub e’ L a dat he c a’c . 1 - il f l dr i c a i l l Member 2B. 1 98K p. 35) . Br e ak s i n de pos i t i on ar e mi n or a n d r es t r i c t e d t o t he Th e Pr e c a mb r i a n - Ca mbr i a n b ou n da r y p oi nt ( Fi gur e . 1 ) l i e s 2 . 4 i n a b ove t h e ba s e ol ' Me mb er 2 i n t he Ch a p el I s l a n d For ma t i o n. b as e s ol ' t h i n . wa v e - de po s i t e d s an d uni t s . 场 FACI ES ASSOCI ATI ONS { 二]黯 貂 e g s r e e n s a n d s t o n e s 勺 ,/ 冲, 叮 4 \ 夕 份, 书‘ 厂少日 了 BONAVI STA NINSULA 个 . 一 / ,~~~~曰 50km 不/ 军分 MEM BER I 、甲 7: 4 L. M EMBER 2 { { 声 峭. 卜 一一」 loom ,犯 - 飞’ , 、. . I l l y / ;,7 I I ,, 沪 向哪 勺 妙 22 , j 、 毋 尸 勺丫: 、/ L一一-i smstone -0 学, } 石刃 R } c l . a n d g r e e n 内 丫叮 口 G s a r e n y d s t t o o n b e l a c a k n d i n s t e i l t r s b t e o d n d e e / d s h a l e 口 氦 愁器饥s e r a b n e d d s s t o n e a n d } } Y了 卜 配/ 4 L N 厂 John' s 八甘ALON 乙3 沪 篡 了 q、 FORTUNE HEAD GSSP SECTI ON, PENI NSULA 甘 多 SOUTHEASTERN NEW FOUNDLAND SOUTHEASTERN NEW FOUNDLAND Fi gure I Gener al i z ed l ocal i t y map o f Newfoundl and ( i nset ) s howi ng l ocat i on o f t he Fort une He ad s t r at ot ype an d de t ai l ma p o f t he 4 40 m- t hi c k s e c t i on at Fo r t une He a d. Di a gona l r ul i ng i n di c al e s. wr i k e di r e c t i o n. FA =fac i e s a s s oc i at i o ns . Bas e d on landi n g and o t he r s ( 1 9 88 , i f gu r e s 4and1 9 ) . 均f isodeN , Vol . 1 7, nos- I & 2 6 70 0 入 山SV工几 1 800 L 。 ’ 二 1 4 户山SVHd 一 300 - 一 9 了气广沙 标袭 扮争e " 0 ' } N ' 子 * 一 霎 墓, 二} }fl i 1 1 1 1 } 一 M n . j } d i f C o - l , t , 十 S一 SS 1的一 5 US 门亡。庄 山一 U一 厂U山山匕巴 越^ ①」 巴 0一 口 1 10 0 FS 一 泛 叹 厂一 200 沐 1 // SBI I- 玉 万 一 15卜 PR ECA M 13RIA N 2 40 0 、 J川 eses es es一 吕。二 尸一 耸 咚巨 CAMBRI AN 500 夕 一 600 一 3 厂 才一 5 q00 内 UJS<H几1 魏中 厂| 十 叹j L产we l | 100 0 Pal aeobat hymet r y 1 A丁卜隔卜石 。 一。 一一一翔下 、架 二 全 墓二一 L一 。嚣 I nt er pr et at i on Member SW 日 I Fi gure 2 6eneral i zed s t r at i gr aphi c se ct i on. f i n- t he Chapel I s l a nd For mat i o n, s howi n g i nl } r r e d pal t oh at h l y n i e t r y, t hr e e - pha s e de pos i t i o nal I ns t or Y , an d s e que nce - s t r at i gr a phi c i nt e r pr e t at i on. The Pr e c an i br i an-Can i br i an boun dar y s t r al ot ype po i nt i s s hown. FS = loo f di n g s u} 1 4c e ; AI FS=i n a xt i nui nf lo o di n g s ur j }c e . SB=s e q ue nc e bound ar y . TST=t r an s g r e s s i v e s Ys t e n i s t r ac t . HST=hi ghs t and s ys t e ms t r ac t . S WB=s l o r i n wav e ba s e . S h =s hal el - Sl t st=si l i st one; S' s=s ands t one; LS=l i t nest one. The s c a l e i s i n i ne t r e sf to i n t he be gi nni n g of1 he e x pos ur e . Ba s e d on 分 鼠一 S T a h , . d / W 1 , h , " , ' I - . a t T S h d - , } S d O b , N } t d . I - - d - S d W - S d G h , a I S l } t c O , , G - a s 1 l , G } , - C . / Fi gur e3 Faunal s uc c e s s i o n and l i t ho l o g y t hr on gh t he Pr e c a ni br i an -Can i b r i an boun dar y s t r at ot y pe s e c t i on a t For l une He ad. Bas e d on Na r b onne and o t he r s ; ( 19 87 , igur f e 5) and lan di n g and ot he r s ( 1 9 8 8, igur f e 20 ) . Fo rf i) s s i l di s t r i but i on an d l i t hol o gi c a l da t af ir oi n t he ov e r l yi ng 420 i n o j ' c ont i nuous l - v e x po s e d s t r at o at Fo r t une He a d, s e e Na r bo nne and ot he r s } ( 1 9 87 , igur f e 4) , La ndi ng and o t he r s ( 1 9 88, fi gur e s 21 -2 3) ; A} Y r ow a nd f l i s c o t t ( 19 9 3, 万gur e 8 少 . MY rO W and Hi scot t (1993,欣 t i re 3) i . e. j us t a b ov e t h e t r a n s i t i o n t o s t o n- n - i nf lU e nc e d f a ci e s a n d 1 8 . 2 i n above t he bas e of t he Successi on at Fort une Hea d. Thi s GSSP i s i t p oi nt i n r oc k t ha t d ef i n e s i t momen t i n t i me a n d wa s s e l e c t e d wi t h O ui da n c e f r om t h e l e ve l ma r k e d b y t h e l owe s t Oc c ur r e n c e of Pl j _ % ? - co de s pe ( h a n ( a t r a c e f os l s i l ) , at t he ba s e oft h e Cambr i a n Ph Yc o de s pe du i n Bi o z on e ( Fi g ur e 2; s e e Na r b onn e a n d ot he r s , 1 98 7, l i g ur e 8 B, . Th e i na r k e r f o s s i l i s pr e s e r v e d a s i t s e r i es ol ' b r an c h e d, h ypi c h- ni a l r i dg e s o n t he l ower s u r f ac e of a s a n ds t on e - I t s a p pe a r a n ce a t t hi s l e v e l i s n ot di r e c t l y t r a c e a bl e t o a c ha n ge i n f a c i e s , whi ch t ak e s pl a ce l o we r i n [ h e s e qu e nc e ( Memb e r I t o Me mb er 2 A b ou nd ar y) . I n a dd i - t i on . b ot h p er i l i da l a n d s u bt i dal f a ci e s i n Memb e r I c on t ai n Har - l a ni e l l a po do l i c a, a n d f a ci e s i d en t i c al t o t hos e i n Me mb e r I a r e i nl e r be d de d wi t hi n Memb e r 2 A, bu t do n ot s ho w L i pp er Pr ec a mb r i a n t r a c e f o s s i l s . Th e s e f ea t ur e s S L J } I gC S t t h a t e nvi r on me nt al f a ct or s , whi l e s i on i ic f a nt , we r e onl y of s e c on d - or d e r i nf l u en c e u pon t h e di s - t r i b ut i o n of t r a c e f os s i l s t hou g C . h t h i s s e ct i o n. Th e b oun da r y poi nt a l s o Non一 bi os t r at i gr aphi c me ans of correl at i on Th e h mi l ] ( L f y I C \ r e l l a c k , c a r b o w l t C S 1 4 1 i t a b l e f o r c a r h o n o r s t r o n - t i L I I I I i sot ope anal ysi s. St UdI CS 01 1 I I OC I L I I CS and bedded l i mest ones hi , he r i n t h e Bur m s L I C C CS S i OI I s h o ) v , t he CI T ec t s of , wi de s pr e a d t h el ma l a l t e r a t i on c l L fi l l g d e ep h L 1 1 - i al an d 2 1 - al l i t i C i I I t I - L I S i OI I( Br a s i e r a n d o t h e r s . 1 992) . Si mi l a r pr obl e ms ha v e a fec t e d s u i t a b i l i t y of ' t h e s ( I - a - t o ) t YP C i ( ) ' - P a l a c oma I g n et i c c oi r c l a t i o n ( s e e a b ov e) . Rc I , r c t t a hl y, t hi s m cans t hat the A siati c sccti ons of Si beii a and 〔hi na cannot be cor r e l at e d wi t h t he n cw GSSP b y mc a ns of c a r b on i s o t o pe - a n d ma I g - n et os t r a t i g r a ph y, al t hO L I L I h t h e y p r o\i d c a v a l L i a hl e t ool f or co n- cl a - t i on CI S Cwher c (Ki i - s ch%i nk and ot her s . 1 991二BI aI , i CI and ot her s ! 994) . def ines t he bas e( ) ! 一 t he Lower Cambr i an ' Pl acent i an Ser i es' ol " Land- i ng a nd ot h e r s( 1 989) . The f ir st occur r e nce of cal car eous s hel l ed skel et al f oss i l s ( Ea d at h e c a' c 0i n dr i c a) h er e l i e s s ome 4 00 i n a bo ve t h e Pr e c am- b r i a n - Ca r r i b r i a n b ou nd a r y. As men t i on e d a bov e . t h ei r ap p ea r a n c e i s r el a t e d t o f a c i e s a n d l a ph on oi ni c c on di t i on s an d i s u nl i k el y t o ma r k t h e t r u e or i gi n ol ' bi or ni n er al i z a t i on. Tr i l ob i t e s a pp ea r s o me 1 40 0 i n a b ov e t h e bo un da r y p oi n t , an d ma r k t h e s t a r t oft he Lowe r Ca mb r i a n ' Br anchi an Ser i es '( 们 andi nl a〔1 992) . Ge oc hr o nol og y of t he boundar y Re c e n t U一 P b r a d i o me t r i c ( I c t c r i n i n a t i o n s o n V O l C a I I i C Z i l - C O l l s a F C a \ 7 川a bl e 1 ' r o m Ne , , k BI - L I I I S \ Vi Ck - i n s t r a l a p os s i bl y c on - c l at e d wi t h t he L I PP CI - pa r t of Memb e r 5 ( Bowr i n- a n d o t h cr s , 1 9 93) . Th es e vi c i d a d a t e of ' 53 0. 7 +0. 7 Ma ( I s a ch s en an d o t h e r s , 1 9 94) : pr e vi ou s l y r epor t ed i t s 53] 士I Ma bv Bowi 一 川9and ot her s(1 993) and Landi n9 M( irch & . 1i m e 1994 7 Cowi c-I W. 1 97M. I t l ( ; S/ ] (; ( ' 1 3 Pr oj ec t 29 I 3 r cCi L i i i b i - i ai i -( ' L L i i i bi - i i L n Boundar y ( 1 9 94) a n d p r ovi d es a i na x i l nU i n at , , } e f or t he b as e ol ' t h e ov e r l yi n C g Wor ki ng Gr ou p I n Ca mbr i L I L C. 1 979: Geol ogi c al Ma gazi ne , v. 11 5. pp. q ua r t z i t e l onna t i o n. Th e b oun da r y poi nt l i e s s ome 8 0 0 n i be l ow i t s 151一152. p os s i bl e c or r e l at i v e , t he Ra nd om F or ma t i o n. i n t h e B1 . 1 1 - i n Pe ni ns ul a . C o w i c , J W. 1 9 8 5 , ( ' 0 1 1 1 i i f l i n " x % o r k O n t h e P I - C C . 1 1 1 1 h r i a n 一 ( ' a m b r i a n h O L I n d - A f ur t he r ( , ui de t o t h e r a di or n e i r i c aa e of " t h e Pr e ca mb r i a n - ar y: Upi s odes , v. S. pp. 93 - 97. Ca mbr i a n bou n da r y c omes F r om r e c e nt U- Pb d a t e s I 、 一 ( ) m Si b e r i a COWi C , J W. 1 991 TWO dec ades Ofl - C- s ea r ch on t he Pr ot e r ozoi c -Pha ncr ozoi c ( Bo wr i no a n d ot he r s , 1 993) . I n t h e Ol e n ck r e, , i on. vol c a n i c hr e c c i as t r ans i t i on: 1 972-1 991 , O c c u r wi t hi n t h e Ne i na ki t -Da l dyn i an St a C g e , a bov e t he i f r s t s ma l l Cowi e, J W. a nd Roza noN.A Yu. 1 974, l UGS Pr ec ar nbr i an - k a r nbr i an Boun d- s h el l y f os s i l ( Can i br o l u bu l t i . v s p. ) bu t be l ow t he ir f s t s k el e t a l a s s em- ar y Wor ki ng Gr OL I p [ i t Si her i a : UI C OI OLi Cal Ma" aZi n e.、 。 .Ill .pp. 237-25- 1. Cr i mes , T 1 1 , 1 997. ' ] " r a ce F os s i l s and c or r el at i on of La t e Pr e cani hr i an a nd b l a g e wi t h An t i b ar t l e s I r l s i l i c ant s . The s e b r e c ci a s ha v e r e c en t l y b e en I } M- I V Cal l I " br i an S t r al a: GCO] OUi Cal Mal - l a Zi l l e.、 , .1 24,pp.97-11 9. d a t e d a t 5 43. 6 10. - 1 4 Ma ( Bowr i n g a nd ot h e r s , 1 993) . whi c h gi ve s an Cr i mes . T P. al l ( [ Ander s on, M M, 1 995, ' 1 ’ r a ce F os si l s I " r om Lat e Pr ecam- e s t i ma t e d a -e t o r t h e ba s e( 们h e Ne ma ki t - Da l dyn i a n ol ' a bou t 54 4 M a. Thi s l evel has been cor r el at ed wi t h t he base ol ' t he Cambr i an i n Ne wf oun dl a nd ( Na r b on ne a nd o t h e r s , 1 99 7) , oi l t h e 1 01 , l owi l l " , ' ' r ou n ds : O c cu r r en c e of Ph Y c od e s s p. a t a l l Un s p e c i f i e d l e v el wi t h i n t h e Nci na k i t Da l dy ni a n ( Fe don ki n, 1 98 7} a c t ua l l y t h i s t a xo n may 1 1 0L a pp e a l - un t i I t he mi ddl e ol ' t h e s t a ge : M A Fe do nki n , p e r s . c omi n. . 1 9 93) } o c c ur r e n c e ol ' S abe l l i ( l i t e s c a ni br i e n s i s . whi c h r an a L , es 1 r on i t h e ba s e of t h e s t a g C e ( S ok ol o v a n d Fe d onk i n, 1 9 85) . 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On goi ng ac t i vi t y i n- c l ud e s wo r k wi t h t h e l UGS Ge ol ogi c al Part 1. Wheel e r , H E, 1 947, Bas e of t he Cambr i a n Sys t em: Jour na l of Geol ogy, v. Dat aba s e o n Ge o l o gi c al Si t e s ( I UGS 55, pp. 1 53-1 59. GEOS I T ES) and as Geol ogi c al Xi ng Y, Luo, H, Ji a ng, Z, a nd Zha ng S, 1 991 , A c andi da t e g l o bal s t r a t ot ype s ee - Adv i s or t o Wor l d He r i t ag e . t i o na n d函i n t f o r t he P r e c a r n b r i a n - Ca r n b r i a nb o u n d a r y a t Me i s h u c u n , Yu n - n a n , Ch i n a : J o u r n a l o f C h i n a Un i v e r s i t y o f Ge o s c i e n c e s , v . 2 , 4 7 - 5 7口 Dr Mi c ha e l Ta yl o r , Se c r e t ar y o f t he Dr Ma r t i n Br as i e r i s Ch ai r ma n o f t he Subcommi s s i on on Cambr i an St r at i - Subcommi s si on on Cambri an St r at i - g r a ph y a n d Le a de r o f I GCP Pr o j e c t gr a ph y , i s a r e s e ar c h g eo l o gi s t wi t h 303 on Pre cambr i an-Cambri an Event t he US Ge ol ogi c al Su r v e y , De nv e r . S t r a t i gr a ph y . Hi s r e s e ar c h c ur r e nt l y c on c e nt r at e s on t he pot e n t i al o fc ar bo n an d s t r o nt i um i s o t o pe s t r at i gr a ph y f o r i mpr o v e d s t r at i g r a phi c r e s ol u t i o n o ft he Hi s curr ent r esear ch i nt er est s i ncl ude e ar l y Pal ae o z o i c t r i l o bi t e a nd mol l u s c bi os t r at i gr a p勺,bi o fa ci e s a nal ys i s a nd c ar bo nat e de pos i t i o nal e n v i r on- me nt s .月‘ha s de v e l o pe d an e co l og- i c al mo de l fo r e x pl ai n i n g t he gl oba l di s t r i bu t i o n o f t r i l o bi t e f aun as i n r e l a t i on t o s t r a t i ie f d o c e an s y s t e ms l at e Pr ecambr i an-Cambri an event s , an d o n e nv i r on me n t a l c h an ge s as s o c t - at e d wi t h pl at e mov e me nt s ( e as t e r n As i a t o Av al oni a少 .He l e c t u r e s i n t he Ear t h S ci e n c e s De pa r t me nt a t Ox f or d , an d i s a Fe l l o w o fS t Edmu n d Ha l l . Sel ect ed Mi ddl e Eas t Pa pe r s f r om GEO ’ 94_ Pr e s ent e d at t he Mi ddl e Eas t Ge os ci e nce s Exhi bi t i on and Con fe r enc e, Apr i l 1994, Bahr ai n. Hos t e d勿 t he Amer i c an As s oci at i on o f Pet r ol eum Ge ol ogi s t s , Dhahr an Geol ogi c al Soc i et y, Soci e t y o f Expl or at i oni s t s o f t he Emi r at e s , Soc i e t y o f Ex pl or at i on Ge o phys i c i s t s. Thi s t wo- vol u me col our ed publ i c at i on wi l l cons i s t of ove r 1 000 pages wi t h ov er 700 igur f e s . 80 t e chni cal pa pe r s wi l l c ov e r s t a t e o f t he a r t e x p l o r a t i o n a n d p r o d u c t i o n d e v e l o pme n t s i n t h e wo r l d' s mo s t i mp o r t a n t p e t r o l e u m b a s i n. Pa pe r s cove r t he pe t r ol eum s ys t e ms of t he Gul f count r i es as wel l as Egypt , Syr i a and Ye me n. Topi c s i nc l ude: .Pa l e o z o i c a nd Me s o z o i c Ex pl o r a t i o n Po t e nt i a l o f t he Mi dd l e Ea s t .Advanc es i n Ge ophys i c al and Ge ol og i c al Te chnol ogy .3- D Sei s mi c I nt e r pre t at i on and Fi e l d De ve l opme nt .Res er voi r Geo l ogi c Mode l l i ng ・Advances i n Reservoi r Charac t eri sat i on .De pos i t i onal and Di age ne t i c Cont r ol s on Re s e rvoi r Di s t r i but i on ・ Case Hi st ori es Pa pe r s ha ve bee n r evi e wed by t h e GEO ' 9 4 Tec hni ca l Commi t t e e and edi t ed by Dr M I Al - Hus s ei ni T o o bt ai n a c o py o ft hi s i mpo r t a nt pub l i c at i on c o nt ac t : Gu l f Pe t r o Li n k P 0 Box 20393, Ma na ma, Ba hr ai n Te l e p h o n e : 9 73 21 4 8 81 Fac s i mi l e: 973 21 4 475 publ i shed by Gul f Pet roLi nk
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