Department of Environmental Affairs
Role in promoting the principle of
responsible sustainable use
Thea Carroll
POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT
Constitution
Section 24
NEMA
Principles
Multilateral
Environmental
Agreements – 7
biodiversity related
Everyone has the right:
1. to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and
2.
to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present
and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other
measures that
a. prevent pollution and ecological degradation;
b. promote conservation; and
c. Secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural
resources while promoting justifiable economic and social
development.
NEMA:
Development must be socially,
environmentally and
economically sustainable
Sustainable Use
White Paper
Based on
CBD
Definition:
White paper (1996) – The use of components
of biological diversity in a way and at a rate
Provincial
that does not lead to its long-term decline,legislation
thereby maintaining its potential to meet the
needs and aspirations of present and future generations (NOTE: Definition of conservation
includes sustainable use)(includes consumptive and non-consumptive forms of utilisation)
NEMBA
NEMPA
A
CONSTITUTION
BALANCE
Justifiable
economic and
social
development
Protection
Ecological
sustainable
development
Promote
conservation
Sustainable
use of natural
resources
Section 22 – Freedom of
trade…
Section 25 – Property
Section 36 – Limitation of
rights
Reasonable legislative and other measures
SUSTAINABLE UTILISATION
South Africa:
VALUEconservation
From 1960s – South Africa gradually changed its wildlife
approach from a preservation approach to a sustainable use approach to
wildlife management.
Secondary
Primary
Includes – recognition of all values of wildlife
Use
value
Direct
Use
Consumptive use
Indirect use
Option value
Non consumptive
use
Non-use
value
Non-demand
ecosystem value
(value of life itself –
intrinsic value)
Bequest value
Existence value
Non-demand ecosystem
value
SUSTAINABLE UTILISATION
Successful sustainable use practices are usually characterized by the
following:
• Enforceable tenure arrangements,
• Locally-based decision-making,
• Strong institutions (organisations, rules),
• Enforceable laws (that are also effectively implemented),
• A viable minimum value for the resource [incentive for conservation], and
• Adaptive management of resources
PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE USE
• Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda): Goal 12 & 15. Sustainable
production and sustainable use. Goal 17: Means of implementation –
include Trade (Significantly increase the exports – developing countries)
• Agenda 2063 (The Africa we want): A prosperous Africa based on inclusive
growth and sustainable development (Africa’s unique natural endowments,
its environment and ecosystems, including its wildlife and wild lands are
healthy, valued and protected)
• AMCEN: Decision: Sustainably harvesting Africa’s natural capital for
sustainable development (value and potential of our natural resources)
• 2nd Assembly – United Nations Environment: Resolution – Sustainable
management of natural capital for sustainable development and poverty
eradication
PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE USE
• SADC – Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement.
(Conservation and sustainable use of wildlife in the SADC region contribute
to sustainable economic development and conservation of biodiversity)
• National Development Plan – Building environmental sustainability and
resilience & the Green Economy
• Nine Point Plan – Beneficiation, unlocking potential of SMMEs, cooperatives
and rural enterprises
• Phakisa
• Biodiversity Economy Strategy
The Wildlife Economy Lab
Facilitating transformation
1 Identify and prioritise 10m Ha for
transformation of wildlife economy
2 Coordinate existing support mechanisms
under a ‘Wildlife Support Unit’ to efficiently
support new entrants to the industry
3 Increase capacity and support for at least
300 Community Entities including
community property agreements (CPAs),
trusts and traditional authorities
4 Create supply-chain linkages and
capacitate 4,000 SMMEs (new and
existing) to locally capture the value of
ancillary goods and services to the wildlife
economy
5 Operationalise the uMfolozi Biodiversity
Economy Node as a pilot for the wildlife
node concept
6 Empower 4,000 emerging
entrepreneurs and farmers through
focused capacity-building programmes
i Develop a toolkit of effective wildlife
business, stewardship and partnership
models
Driving growth through promoting ‘value’
and products
Creating an enabling environment for the
wildlife sector
7 Formalise SA game meat market and
create a network of game meat processing
facilities
9 Create an enabling legislative
environment through the amendment of
NEMBA
8 Implement a campaign that drives
participative transformation and
consumer growth for wildlife-related
activities and products
10 Develop and implement wildlife industry
standards
Promote sustainable use as a foundation
for conservation and growth of biodiversity
economy
iii Develop a strategic marketing campaign
and value proposition for mixed game and
livestock systems
iv Establish mechanisms to allow for holistic
and integrated management of animal
health and conflict issues at the livestockwildlife interface
v Fast track the development of norms and
standards to actively manage and mitigate
critical wildlife economy risks such as
intensive and selective breeding, animal
diseases and invasive species
12 Develop and implement an electronic
wildlife permitting system and centralised
database
ii
11 Implement a national wildlife economy
branding scheme
13 “Re-position” the Wildlife Forum as an
efficient interdepartmental/ industry
collaboration and co-ordination platform to
promote the benefits of the Wildlife Economy
14 Develop an integrated knowledge/
evidence generating and sharing
platform to support the wildlife economy
15 Leverage protected areas to unlock
economic potential
vi Develop, upskill and resource extension
services to facilitate the growth of the
wildlife economy
In line with Operation Phakisa methodology there was wide
stakeholder engagement
GOWAR
ENTERPRISES
PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE USE
• INITIATIVE 9: Create an enabling legislative environment through the
amendment of NEMBA (consultation sessions in April 2017)
• Some provisions to be considered:
o New approach to listing of species and activities to be regulated
o Mechanism to operate within a system/ standards without permits
(certification schemes & self-administration)
o National system for open hunting seasons and hunting licenses
o Others? Consultation process
• TOPS amendments:
o New category – Species listed to ensure its managed in ecologically
sustainable manner
o Exemptions
CHALLENGES
• Transformation
• Public perceptions – criticisms; welfare and ethical consideration
• Anti-sustainable use sentiments
• Information sharing & Monitoring systems
• Communication
• Cooperation
• Markets
• Pro-active planning
MAIN DESTINATION COUNTRIES –
KEY ANIMAL COMMODITIES
TROPHY HUNTING
Year
USA
Europe
Total (All
Countries)
2009
3 061
2 612
6 292
2010
2 673
2 374
5 673
2011
4 702
3 440
9 138
2012
4 304
3 330
8 387
2013
4 233
2 423
7 638
2014
3 894
2 633
7 405
Key countries in Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Spain, Sweden and UK
PROCESS – DEVELOPMENT OF DECISIONMAKING MECHANISM: TRADE IN IVORY
FOCUS
on the sustainable use
approach to wildlife
management