NAME:
MODS:
States of Matter and Phase Changes
Review of Sections 11.1-11.3 of your text.
60 point Quick Check on Friday Dec. 4!
1.
Do you know these terms?
Melting
Freezing
Vaporization
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition
Vapor Pressure
Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Melting Point
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Vaporization
Phase Diagram
Triple Point
Critical Temperature
Critical Pressure
2.
Could you draw particle pictures to represent the 3 common states of matter? Figure 11.2
3.
Could you label a Change of State diagram like the one at the top of page 422?
4.
Can you read/interpret a graph like Figure 11.5, especially noting which line is at a higher
temperature, which line is at a lower temperature, and what is significant about what
happens at the far-right of the graph (at high KE)?
5.
Can you read a graph like Figure 11.7?
6.
Can you read/interpret a graph like Figure 11.9, especially noting what is happening
during the horizontal-line portions? Also, could you label points such as melting point,
boiling point, freezing point and condensing point?
7.
Do you know why the heat of vaporization of a substance is larger than its heat of fusion?
8.
Do you know why evaporation leads to the cooling of a liquid? In other words, if you let
rubbing alcohol evaporate from your skin, why do you feel a cold sensation?
9.
Ignore the section about the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation.
J Not needed for this course J
10.
Can you read/interpret a phase diagram, like Figure 11.11 (for water) and Figure 11.12
(top one, for CO2), especially noting why water’s has a negative-sloped line between the
solid and liquid phases, unlike virtually all other substances on Earth? Also, do you know
the significance of the triple-point and the critical-point?
11.
Do you know what a supercritical fluid is and what they are useful for now, and what
they may be useful for in the future? No? Then maybe you should read about Removing
Caffeine from Coffee on page 433! J
States of Matter and Phase Changes
Some Practice Problems!
1.
Identify the phase transition occurring in each of the following:
a)
the water level in an aquarium tank continuously falls and it has no leak!
b)
molten lava from a volcano cools and becomes obsidian rock
c)
mothballs slowly become smaller and disappear, leaving behind no evidence
that they were once there!
d)
chlorine gas is passed into a cold test tube where it becomes a yellow liquid
e)
when carbon dioxide gas under pressure exits from a small opening, it turns
to a white “snow”
f)
candle wax becomes liquid under the heat of the candle flame
2.
Use Figure 11.7 (page 424) to estimate the boiling point of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) under
an external pressure of 250 mmHg.
3.
Liquid butane (C4H10) is used in lighters as a fuel. Suppose 39.3 g of butane gas is removed
from a lighter. How much heat must be provided to vaporize this gas if the heat of
vaporization of butane is 21.3 kJ/mol?
4.
The heat of vaporization of ammonia is 23.4 kJ/mol. How much heat is required to
vaporize 775 g of ammonia? How many grams of water at 0°C could be frozen to ice at 0°C
by the evaporation of this amount of ammonia? (see Example 11.1, pg. 426, for help!)
5.
Look at the Phase Diagram below:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Is this Phase Diagram for water? How can you tell?
What are the temperature and pressure conditions for the triple-point?
What are the temperature and pressure conditions for the critical-point?
What is the melting point of this substance at 1 atm?
What is the boiling point of this substance at 1 atm?
What is the sublimation point of this substance at 0.5 atm?
At room temperature (25°C) and pressure (1 atm), what state is this substance in?
At room temperature (25°C), could you liquefy this substance?
(see Example 11.4, pg. 432, for help!)