EDITORIAL
STYLE GUIDE
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
BUFFALO STATE
EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Contents
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
3
4
5
29
31
37
38
Section VIII
Section IX
Section X
Section XI
Section XII
Section XIII
52
54
55
57
58
60
A Guide to the Buffalo State Writing Style
Referring to Buffalo State
Buffalo State Editorial Style
Historical and Cultural Terms
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Buffalo State Buildings
Buffalo State Centers, Departments, Offices,
Organizations, Programs, and Schools
Buffalo State Undergraduate Degree Programs
Buffalo State Undergraduate Minor Programs
Buffalo State Graduate Degree and Certificate Programs
Commonly Misspelled Words
Commonly Confused Terms
Computer-Related Terms
College Relations Office
Cleveland Hall 307
Buffalo, NY 14222
Phone: (716) 878-4201
Fax:
(716) 878-3532
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: collegerelations.buffalostate.edu
June 2017
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Section I
A Guide to the Buffalo State Writing Style
Just as the Buffalo State logo visually helps to present the college consistently to the world, this
style guide will help present the institution’s written material consistently and clearly. In short, this
guide defines a common writing style for the Buffalo State community. It is meant to be used by all
campus offices, departments, and programs for various types of communication to both internal and
external audiences: brochures and advertisements, reports and letters, videos and web pages.
This guide addresses issues of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and capitalization (Is it E-mail,
email, or e-mail?), but it goes beyond this, with the goal of unifying all written communication
emerging from diverse campus entities.
This guide incorporates:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.*
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.*
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.*
Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition. Springfield, Massachusetts: MerriamWebster, 2003.*
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law. New York: The Associated Press,
2000.*
Strunk Jr., William and E. B. White. The Elements of Style, third edition. New York:
Macmillan, 1979.*
Reflecting the dynamic nature of the Buffalo State campus as well as the English language itself,
this guide will be updated continually. If you have a suggestion or correction, please contact the
College Relations Office.
You may find it useful to supplement this guide with a specific style guide for your own
department, office, or program, incorporating commonly used terms and names.
* For items not covered in this guide, we recommend consulting these sources directly.
This guide is available online at http://collegerelations.buffalostate.edu/editorial-style-guide.
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
3
Section II
Referring to Buffalo State
Short-Form Name
The short-form names of the institution are Buffalo State, Buffalo State College, and SUNY Buffalo State. A
short name is appropriate for internal documents and communication (forms, official memos, etc.), external
communication with audiences already familiar with the institution (invitations, fundraising materials, social
media, etc.), and apparel. On subsequent reference, “Buffalo State,” “the college,” or “the institution” may be
used.
Writing produced for an audience that may not be familiar with Buffalo State’s affiliation with the State
University of New York system should use SUNY Buffalo State on first reference. Examples include press
releases, journal articles, and grant applications. On subsequent reference, “Buffalo State,” “the college,” or
“the institution” may be used.
Please do not refer to the institution as Buffalo State University, BSC, BSU, SUCB, SUNYBS, or any similar
variation.
Official Long Name
The official long name of the institution, used by New York State and the State Education Department, is
State University of New York College at Buffalo or State University College at Buffalo. This acknowledges
our status as one of SUNY’s 13 University Colleges and is found on Buffalo State’s official seal. The official
long name often appears on documents and forms produced for or with the State of New York, for example,
student application materials, state budget forms, and diplomas. While this name is accurate, it should not be
used in any other capacity.
Examples:
CORRECT: Buffalo State offers unparalleled educational, cultural, and recreational opportunities. The
college has nearly 11,000 undergraduate and graduate students.
CORRECT: SUNY Buffalo State offers unparalleled educational, cultural, and recreational opportunities.
The college has nearly 11,000 undergraduate and graduate students.
INCORRECT: Buffalo State University offers unparalleled educational, cultural, and recreational
opportunities.
INCORRECT: SUNYBS offers unparalleled educational, cultural, and recreational opportunities.
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Section III
Buffalo State Editorial Style
A
a, an—“Before a pronounced h, a long u (or eu), or a word such as one, the indefinite article should
be a.” 1 Sound, not spelling, dictates: a hotel, a historical event, a euphonious word, a union, an
honor, an NFL team, a one-man band.
abbreviations and acronyms—See Section V, Abbreviations and Acronyms.
academic degrees—Use capital letters with periods: A.A.S., B.A., B.S., Ed.D., J.D., M.A., M.B.A.,
M.F.A., M.L.S., M.S., Ph.D., etc.; lowercase when spelled out: associate’s degree, bachelor’s
degree, bachelor of arts degree, bachelor of science degree, master’s degree, master of fine arts
degree.
ache—Compounds with ache are closed: headache, toothache, stomachache.
acknowledgment (not acknowledgement)
addresses, campus—The preferred style is building name and room number: Cleveland Hall 307,
Caudell Hall 112, Butler Library 210.
addresses, street—Do not abbreviate in running text: 1300 Elmwood Avenue, 1313 Mockingbird
Lane, 1250 Main Street. It is acceptable to use abbreviations in a return address, a list, the back
of a brochure, etc.: 1300 Elmwood Ave.
Advanced Placement (AP)—Lowercase test, credit, etc.
adviser (not advisor)
advocate—Advocate is a transitive verb; it takes a direct object. One advocates a cause, not for a
cause. If this construction sounds odd, try substituting an alternative phrase, such as work for or
argue for.
African American, Chinese American, French Canadian, Mexican American, etc.—no hyphen, noun or
adjective form.
afterward (not afterwards)
ages—Use figures for ages of people and animals; hyphenate adjectival and noun forms: The woman, 37,
had a 3-month-old baby. The 6-year-old dog, 13-year-olds. Avoid aged in designating ages: children ages 6
and up, not children aged 6 and up. (See numbers, figures or words? this section.)
Albright-Knox Art Gallery
1
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 6.60
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
5
all—Adverbial phrases beginning with all are always open: going all out, painted all over. Adjectival
phrases beginning with all are always hyphenated, either before or after a noun: all-out effort, allAmerican player, the book is all-encompassing.
Allegany County
Allegany—town in New York
Allegany State Park
Alleghany in Virginia
Allegheny in Pennsylvania
Allegheny Mountains
Allegheny River
all right (not alright)
alumnus (masculine singular), alumna (feminine singular), alumni (masculine plural), alumnae
(feminine plural). Use the masculine plural (alumni) for groups composed of men and women.
a.m./p.m.—Lowercase and set with periods; use a single space between the numerals and the a.m.
or p.m. 10:00 a.m., 7:15 p.m. (See time, this section.)
ampersand (&)—Generally not used, except when it is part of a company’s formal name: Proctor
& Gamble, Barnes & Noble at Buffalo State Bookstore. Do not use in place of and.
ante- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: antediluvian, anteroom. (See prefixes and suffixes,
this section.)
anti- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: antidepressant, antihypertensive; but use the hyphen
between repeated vowels or before a proper noun: anti-inflammatory, anti-intellectual, antiAmerican. (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
archaeology (not archeology)
Arctic—Capitalize references to the region around the North Pole: Arctic Circle, the Arctic; lowercase as an
adjective meaning frigid: arctic climate, arctic air.
artist in residence (n., adj.)
artwork
audiovisual
awards—Names of awards and prizes are capitalized, but the categories usually are not: Nobel Prize
in physics, Pulitzer Prize for fiction; also Nobel Prize laureate, Emmy Award–winning director.
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
B
backward (not backwards)
benefit, benefited, benefiting
best seller (n.), best-selling (adj.)
better, best—Compounds formed with better and best are hyphenated before a noun and open after a
noun: better-prepared student; best-loved films; she is better educated; he is best known for his
short stories.
bi- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: bilingual, bimonthly, bipartisan. (See prefixes and
suffixes, this section.)
black—Lowercase for African American.
board of directors—Generally lowercase unless part of a proper name: the Buffalo State
Foundation Board of Directors, the board of directors.
Board of Education (Buffalo Board of Education, the board)
Board of Regents (Regents, Regents biology)
Board of Trustees (SUNY Board of Trustees, the board)
book—Most compounds with book are closed. Consult the dictionary; if the entry is not listed, spell
it sas an open compound (two words): checkbook, notebook, textbook, pocketbook, coupon
book, reference book, trade book.
books, parts of—Use arabic numerals with parts of books. Lowercase and spell out in running text:
chapter 3, volume 11. Abbreviations may be used in parenthetical references: (chap. 3), (vol. 14,
pp. 77–82).
Use the following abbreviations for parenthetical references: Plurals for all except page (pp.) and
note (nn.) are formed by adding s.
(vol.) volume
(pt.) part
(no.) number
(bk.) book
(chap.) chapter
(p.) page
(n.) note
(app.) appendix
(pl.) plate
(fig.) figure
books, titles of—See titles, composition, this section.
borne—Compounds formed with the suffix borne are generally closed but are “hyphenated after
words ending in b and after words of three or more syllables: waterborne, foodborne, cab-borne,
mosquito-borne.” 2 (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
2
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 7.90
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
7
Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society
The Buffalo News —See newspapers, names of, this section.
Buffalo Niagara (n., adj.)
by- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: bylaws, byline, byproduct. (See prefixes and suffixes,
this section.)
C
cancel, canceled, canceling, cancellation
capitalization— In general, capitalize the formal name of an office, department, or organization on
first reference (as a proper noun) and lowercase its common-noun equivalent on subsequent
reference: the Mathematics Department , the department; the Payroll Office, the office. (See also
headline-style capitalization and titles, composition, this section.)
capitalization for emphasis—“Initial capitals, once used to lend importance to certain words, are
now used only ironically. Capitalizing an entire word or phrase for emphasis is rarely
appropriate.” 3
catalog (not catalogue)
centuries—Spell out; do not capitalize: twentieth century, eighteenth century. (See century, below.)
century—Hyphenate compound adjectives formed with century: fourteenth-century scholar,
twentieth-century China, mid-eighteenth-century poet, late twentieth-century painter. (See mid,
this section.)
chair (not chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson)
Chancellor’s Award, SUNY Chancellor’s Award
Chartwells
Chautauqua Institution (not Institute)
check in (v.), check-in (n.): Volunteers are asked to check in by 9:00 a.m. Report to the lobby by
9:00 a.m. for check-in.
clean up (v.), cleanup (n., adj.): She told him to clean up the mess. The cleanup is the worst part.
She volunteered for the cleanup committee.
co- (prefix)— Generally closed, no hyphen: coauthor, coeducational, copayment. Use a hyphen
between repeated vowels or to avoid confusion or ambiguity: co-opt, co-organize, co-chair, cocreate, co-director, co-edition, co-teach, co-workers, co-wrote (but coordinate, coordinate,
cooperate, cooperation). (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
3
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 7.50
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
coatroom
comma (serial)—Use a comma before the word and or or in a series: He brought a sleeping bag, a
flashlight, and batteries. When the elements of a series are simple and all are joined by
conjunctions, no commas are required: She needs a math or a science or an engineering course.
committee— Generally lowercase unless part of a proper name: Commencement Committee, the
committee.
company names—Capitalize the first letter of company names in all uses, regardless of the company’s
styling: Macy’s, Adidas, Spot, Rand Corporation. Company or product names that contain internal
capital letters, such as eBay or iPod, may be preserved, even at the start of a sentence; that is, they
need not take an initial capital. Names that contain both initial and internal caps (sometimes called
midcaps) may also be preserved: LexisNexis, HarperCollins.
compound modifiers—“When a compound modifier—two or more words that express a single
concept—precedes a noun, use hyphens to link all the words in the compound except the
adverb very and all adverbs that end in ly: a first-quarter touchdown, a full-time job, an easily
remembered rule.” 4
counter- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: counterclockwise, counterculture,
countermeasures. (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
course name/course prefix—Use the three-letter prefix before each course number; separate
letters and numbers with a single space; repeat prefix with each reference: MUS 218 and MUS
230 (not MUS 218 and 230).
course titles—Capitalize the titles of academic courses. Do not italicize or enclose in quotation
marks: Abnormal Psychology, Intermediate Photography II, Principles of Urban and Regional
Planning.
coursework
court—Generic terms designating the courts used in place of full names are lowercased even when
they refer to a specific court: traffic court, family court, juvenile court. The word court, when
used alone, is capitalized only in reference to the U.S. Supreme Court.
courtesy titles—See titles, courtesy this section.
credit hours, credits—Use figures: 3 credit hours, 6 credits.
cross- (prefix)—Compounds formed with cross can be open, hyphenated, or closed. Check the
dictionary: cross product, cross section, cross-country, cross-cultural, cross-listed, cross-purpose,
cross-pollination, crossbones, crosscurrent, crossroad, crosswalk. (See prefixes and suffixes,
this section.)
currency (American)—Use numerals for sums of dollars and cents. Use the $ sign for amounts of
$1 or more; use the word cents for amounts less than $1. People paid $5 to attend. The
committee raised $325. I gave him 50 cents. “Whole-dollar amounts are set with zeros after the
4
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2000), p. 331
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
9
decimal point only when they appear in the same context with fractional amounts”: 5 The price
of gold rose from $35 an ounce to $375. Tickets sold for $10.00 and $15.50. (See numbers;
millions, billions.)
curriculum (singular), curricula (plural) (but see practicum, this section).
curriculum vitae (singular), curricula vitae (plural)
D
day care (n.), day-care (adj.): She has a child in day care. He’s looking into day-care options.
dean’s list
decades—Decades may be spelled out (the seventies and eighties ) or expressed in numerals with
apostrophes (’70s and ’80s). Be sure to use an apostrophe (’) and not a single open quotation
mark (‘): ’70s and ’80s, not ‘70s and ‘80s. Also, no apostrophe between the numeral and the s.
(See plural figures and letters, this section.)
decimal fractions—Use numerals. For amounts less than one, set with an initial zero: The average
number of children born in 1991 dropped from 1.3 to 0.95.
degrees, academic—See academic degrees, this section.
departments—Always spell out; do not abbreviate. Capitalize formal names of departments. Use
XYZ Department rather than Department of XYZ: English Department, not Department of
English.
dialogue (not dialog)
dietitian (not dietician)
directions and regions—“In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they
indicate compass direction; capitalize these words when they designate regions: The cold front is
moving east. A storm that developed in the Midwest is spreading eastward; it will bring showers
to the East Coast by morning and to the entire Northeast by late in the day.” 6 Capitalize these
words when referring to widely known areas: Southern California, Western New York, Lower
East Side of New York (but upstate New York).
dissertation titles—Set in quotation marks with title caps. (See titles, composition and headlinestyle capitalization, this section.)
doctoral (adj.), doctorate (n.): He earned his doctoral degree in 1965. He has a doctorate in clinical
psychology. But, juris doctor degree.
downtime (n.)
5
6
Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 8.24
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2000), pp. 73–74
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
drop off (v.), drop-off (n., adj.): I will drop off the money. The drop-off in ticket sales was
noticeable. Drop-off time is 7:00 a.m.
drop out (v.), dropout (n., adj.): I’m afraid she will drop out of school. Though he was a high school
dropout, he became a multimillionaire. The high school dropout rate is rising.
E
earth—Generally lowercase, except in context with other properly named planets: A solar eclipse
occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun. They are studying the earth’s
atmosphere. The class is studying Mercury, Venus, and Earth.
East Side—Buffalo’s East Side; New York’s Lower East Side. (See directions and regions, this
section.)
editions—See titles, composition this section.
elect—Compounds with elect, meaning newly elected, are hyphenated unless the office title contains
two or more words: president-elect, senator-elect, town assessor elect, vice president elect.
ellipsis (…)—Three dots used to indicate an omission in quoted material. Do not set off with a space on
each side: “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new
nation…dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”
e-mail
em dash—The em dash (—) is used to set off parenthetical material or to signify an abrupt change
in thought. The em dash can also replace the colon. It is the width of the capital M in the
typeface used. Do not set off with a space on each side: She considered the dwarves—all except
Grumpy—fine company. He said he needed three things—lawyers, guns, and money.
emeritus (masculine singular), emerita (feminine singular), emeriti (plural)
en dash—The en dash (–) is longer than the hyphen (-) and shorter than the em dash (—). Its
principal use “is to connect continuing or inclusive numbers (ranges)—dates, times, or reference
numbers.” 7 Do not set off with a space on each side: The report covered 1992–1998. Do not
use the words from or between with the en dash: Wrong: from 1962–1972, between 1968–1970.
Right: 1968–1972, from 1968 to 1972. “The en dash also is used in place of a hyphen in a
compound adjective when one of the elements of the adjective is an open compound: post–Civil
War, New York–London flight.” 8
equator
ex- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: exclude, expose, extract. Compounds with ex meaning
former are not recommended in formal writing; former, without a hyphen, is preferable: former
president Gerald Ford, former senator. If used, hyphenate: ex-president, ex-husband. Use an en
dash if the second part is an open compound: ex–vice president. (See prefixes and suffixes,
this section.)
7
8
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 5.115
Ibid., 5.117
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
11
extra- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: extraterrestrial, extrafine. (See prefixes and suffixes,
this section.)
F
501(c)(3)
faculty—Faculty ranks are, progressively, lecturer, assistant professor, associate professor, professor,
SUNY Distinguished Service or Distinguished Teaching Professor, SUNY Distinguished
Professor.
fax
fieldwork
firsthand (adj., adv.)
flier (not flyer) for a printed advertisement, announcement, or handbill.
foreign words and phrases—Words and phrases in a foreign language are set in italics: The sign on
his door says Qui docet discit (He who teaches learns).
forward (not forwards)
fractions—Spell out common usages and use hyphens: More than two-thirds of those polled said
they would vote for him. Do not hyphenate the casual use a half: It rained for three and a half
days. Mixed fractions (whole numbers combined with fractions) should be expressed in
numerals: The note was written on 8½-by-11-inch paper.
-free—Compounds formed with -free are hyphenated both before and after the nouns they modify.
tobacco-free campus, the campus is tobacco-free.
freelance (v., adj.), freelancer (n.): He wants to freelance this summer. The company hired a
freelance artist. She works as a freelancer.
Friends of Night People (no the)
full—Compound adjectives with full are hyphenated before the noun and open after the noun: fulllength mirror, full-blown investigation, full-scale attack. The mirror was full length. The drawing
was full scale. Almost all compound nouns with full are open: full house, full moon, full dress
(but fullback). Consult the dictionary.
fundraiser (n.), fundraising (n., adj.): Our committee will hold a fundraiser. Fundraising is hard
work. Our committee will hold a fundraising event.
G
grade point average (GPA)
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
grade, grader—Hyphenate both adjectival and noun forms: fourth-grade pupil, 12th-grade student,
first-grader, 10th-graders.
grades, letter—Capitalize; do not italicize or use quotation marks. Form the plural with ’s: He was
sure he’d get straight A’s and was shocked when he saw three B’s and a C. Students must
maintain a B average. (See plural figures and letters, this section.)
gray (not grey)
H
half—Most compound adjectives with half are hyphenated: half-baked plan, half-time employee;
some are closed: halfhearted attempt, halfway mark. Compound nouns with half can be open,
hyphenated, or closed: half hour, half note, half sister, half-dollar, half-life, half-moon, halfback,
halftone. Consult the dictionary.
hard copy
headline-style capitalization (also called title case).
1. “Capitalize the first and last words in titles and subtitles (but see rule 7), and capitalize all other major
words (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and some conjunctions—but see rule 4).
2. Lowercase the articles the, a, and an.
3. Lowercase prepositions, regardless of length, except when they are used adverbially or adjectivally (up
in Look Up, down in Turn Down, on in the On Button, etc.) or when they compose part of a Latin
expression used adjectivally or adverbially (De Facto, In Vitro, etc.)
4. Lowercase the conjunctions and, but, for, or, and nor.
5. Lowercase to not only as a preposition (rule 3) but also as part of an infinitive (to Run, to Hide, etc.),
and lowercase as in any grammatical function.
6. Lowercase the part of a proper name that would be lowercased in text, as de or von.
7. Lowercase the second part of a species name, such as fulvescens in Acipenser fulvescens, even if it is the
last word in a title or subtitle.” 9
Capitalize hyphenated compounds in titles as follows:
1. “Always capitalize the first element.
2. Capitalize any subsequent elements unless they are articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions
(and, but, for, or, nor), or such modifiers as flat or sharp following musical key symbols.
3. If the element is merely a prefix or combining form that could not stand by itself as a word (anti, pre,
etc.), do not capitalize the second element unless it is a proper noun or proper adjective.
4. Capitalize the second element in a hyphenated spelled-out number (Twenty-One or Twenty-First, etc.) or
hyphenated simple fraction (Two-Thirds in Two-Thirds Majority).” 10 (See titles, composition, this
section.)
health care (n.), health-care (adj.): Health care is a major issue with the candidates. Health-care
reform is on the agenda.
9
The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition (2010), 8.157
Ibid., 8.159
10
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
13
Hispanic
HIV-negative, HIV-positive
honorable—See reverend and honorable, this section.
honors—Capitalize when referring to the formal program: Muriel A. Howard Honors Program,
Muriel A. Howard Honors Colloquium; lowercase elsewhere else: honors students.
honors, academic—Academic degrees and honors following a personal name should be capitalized,
whether abbreviated or spelled out: Steven Kiley, M.D.; Clyde M. Matthews, Doctor of Law.
Named professorships and fellowships are capitalized: Sherry Turkle, Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor
of the Social Studies of Science and Technology; Katherine Stuart May, Mellon Fellow in Objects
Conservation.
SUNY Distinguished Professor titles are capitalized: Steven D. Georgiou, SUNY Distinguished
Teaching Professor.
I
ID card, ID
ill—Compounds formed with ill are hyphenated before a noun, open after a noun: ill-fitting garment, the
garment was ill fitting, ill-advised decision, the decision was ill advised.
impact—a noun, not a verb.
Inc., Co., etc.—Usually eliminated in running text; when included, do not set off a with a comma:
Curtis Screw Co., Moog Inc.
include—Use include when what follows is only part of the total: The price includes breakfast. The
zoo includes hippopotamuses and rhinoceroses.
initials—When two or more initials are used before a name, use periods and insert a space between
each: H. W. Fowler, W. E. B. Du Bois. No periods or spaces are used for people commonly
referred to by their initials only: FDR, JFK, LBJ, MLK.
inpatient
in-service
inter- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: interrelated, intercontinental, intergenerational. (See
prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
intra- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: intranet, intracranial. (See prefixes and suffixes, this
section.)
14
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
italicized words—When italicized words that are singular in form are used in the plural, set the s or
es in roman type: “She bought two Chicago Tribunes and three Milwaukee Journals.” 11 (See titles,
composition and punctuation, this section.)
italics or quotation marks? See titles, composition, this section.
J
Jr., Sr., II, IV, etc.—Do not set off with commas: Martin Luther King Jr., Loudon Wainwright III,
Benjamin O. Davis Sr.
judgment (not judgement)
the Juilliard School (not Julliard)
K
kick off (v.), kickoff (n., adj.): The event will kick off the week. The event is a kickoff to the week’s activities.
The kickoff event went smoothly.
Kleinhans Music Hall
L
led—not lead—for the past tense of lead
legal cases—Italicize the names of legal cases. Abbreviate v. for versus in case names: Miranda v.
Arizona, Times v. Sullivan. Retain the italics when the case name is shortened: the Miranda case.
(See versus, this section.)
letter grades—See grades, letter, this section.
letters—Italicize individual letters and combinations of letters of the alphabet: the letter q, a
lowercase n. Is the plural formed with s or es? In some idiomatic expressions, the distinction is
ignored: Mind your p’s and q’s. Dot your i’s and cross your t’s. 12 Notice that single letters take an
apostrophe in the plural form. (See plural figures and letters and grades, letter, this section.)
life—Compounds with life can be open, hyphenated, or closed. Consult the dictionary: life preserver,
life raft, life span, life-form, lifeblood, lifeboat, lifesaver, lifestyle, lifetime.
-like (suffix)— Compounds formed with the suffix like are generally closed but are hyphenated
after words ending in l, words of three or more syllables, proper nouns, or other forms that may
be difficult to read: childlike, catlike, sail-like, gull-like, bicycle-like, Roosevelt-like. “Hyphenated
11
12
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 6.14
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 6.82
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
15
compounds retain the hyphen both before and after a noun.” 13 (See prefixes and suffixes, this
section.)
little, lesser, least—Compounds formed with little, lesser, and least are hyphenated before a noun,
open after: little-known tale, the tale was little known, the lesser-prepared student, the student
who is least prepared.
M
macro- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: macroeconomics, macromolecular. (See prefixes
and suffixes, this section.)
mapmaker (n.), mapmaking (n.)
measure, units of— Always use numerals: 5 feet, 6 inches, 12 miles. Abbreviations are generally
avoided in running text, but may be necessary when space is limited, such as in tables, charts, or
graphs. They are identical in the singular and plural. Abbreviate as follows:
in.
ft.
yd.
mi.
m.p.g.
m.p.h.
sq.
cu.
pt.
qt.
gal.
mg
g
kg
sec.
min.
hr.
oz.
lb.
13
inch
foot
yard
mile
miles per gallon
miles per hour
square
cubic
pint
quart
gallon
milligram
gram
kilogram
second
minute
hour
ounce
pound
mm
cm
m
km
km/h
dB
mL
L
J
kW
kWh
V
W
Hz
MHz
ºF
ºC
millimeter
centimeter
meter
kilometer
kilometers per hour
decibel
milliliter
liter
joule
kilowatt
kilowatt hour
volts
watt
hertz
megahertz
degrees Fahrenheit
degrees Celsius (replaces
centigrade)
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 7.90
16
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
medals and awards, military—“Specific names of medals and awards are capitalized: Bronze Star,
Medal of Honor, Purple Heart, Silver Star.” 14
media (plural), medium (singular)
micro- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: micromanage, microwave. (See prefixes and
suffixes, this section.)
mid- (prefix)—Generally closed. Hyphenate if the second element is a proper noun: midweek,
midterm, midlife, mid-Atlantic, mid-Victorian; but mid-nineteenth century, mid-nineteenthcentury painter. (See century, this section, and prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
midnight—Use midnight, not 12:00 midnight or 12:00 a.m. (See noon, this section.)
military terms—Full “titles of armies, navies, air forces, fleets, regiments, battalions, companies,
corps, and so forth are capitalized.” The words army, navy, etc., “are lowercased when standing
alone, when used collectively in the plural, or when not part of an official title: United States
Army, the army, the American army, United States Navy, the navy, the armed forces.” 15
Miller Analogies Test
millions, billions—Use figures with million or billion in all but casual uses (thanks a million). Retain
the word million with the first figure in a range: The deal will be worth from $2 million to $4
million (not $2 to $4 million). Do not use a hyphen to join the figures and the word, even as an
adjectival modifier: The president submitted a $300 million budget. Do not go beyond two
decimal places: 7.55 million people (7,546,500 people). 16
mini- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: minibike, minibus, minigrant, miniskirt. (See prefixes
and suffixes, this section.)
moneys (not monies)—Plural form of money.
months—Do not abbreviate in running text; capitalize and spell out in all uses: October 1964;
January 1, 2000; Mother’s Day is in May. Months may be abbreviated as follows when space is
limited: Jan., Feb., March, April, May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.
most—Compounds formed with more and most are usually open unless a hyphen is needed to
distinguish meaning: most favored child, more plausible excuses (more excuses that are
plausible), more-plausible excuses (excuses that are more plausible).
multi- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: multidisciplinary, multifaceted, multipurpose. (See
prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
N
names—On first reference, use the given and surname; on subsequent reference, use the surname
only: Michael Jones, professor of mathematics, and Maria Wallace, associate professor of
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 8.123
Ibid., 8.120
16 The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2000), p. 163
14
15
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
17
computer science, won awards for their research. Jones and Wallace have worked together on
several projects during the past five years.
Native American (n., adj.) (no hyphen)
newspapers, names of—Set the names of newspapers in italics. The article the is set in roman type
and, unless it begins a sentence, is lowercased: I read it in the New York Times. I’m running an ad
in the Buffalo News. (See titles, composition, this section.)
New York City, city of New York; New York State, state of New York—In general, words denoting
political divisions, such as city and state, are capitalized when they follow a name and lowercased when
they precede a name.
New York State Education Department (but U.S. Department of Education)
nicknames—Set in quotation marks after middle name or initial and before last name: John Q.
“Joe” Public.
non- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: noncredit, nonprofit, nontraditional, nonviolent,
nonnuclear, nonnative, nonemployee. Hyphenate with a proper noun or a compound term:
non-English-speaking immigrants, non-degree-seeking students. (See prefixes and suffixes, this
section.)
noon—Use noon, not 12:00 noon or 12:00 p.m. (See midnight, this section.)
North Buffalo—See directions and regions, this section.
numbers—In general, spell out numbers zero through nine in running text; use figures for numbers
10 and up. Ordinals follow the same rule: first, ninth, 27th, 110th. Use commas with four or
more figures in a sequence: 1,467; 12,567. Exceptions: page numbers, addresses, standardized
test scores (e.g., SAT, GRE), and years with four or fewer digits. (See years, this section.)
Figures or words?
Use words for:
• Cardinal numbers zero through nine. (Use figures for 10 and above.)
• Ordinals first through ninth. (Use figures for 10th and above.)
• Centuries: the twentieth century, the fifth century. (See centuries, this section.)
• Fractions—use hyphens: one-fifth. (See fractions, this section.)
• A number that begins a sentence; the only exception is a year:
Right: Fifteen people died when a tour bus collided with a tractor trailer.
Wrong: 15 people died when a tour bus collided with a tractor trailer.
Acceptable: 1978 was a great year for film.
When spelling large numbers, use a hyphen to connect a word ending in y to another word:
eighty-seven, ninety-nine, one hundred seventy-two.
Use figures for:
• Ages of people and animals—Hyphenate adjectival and noun forms: 3-year-old boy, 10month-old baby, 13-year-olds, 75 years old.
18
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Addresses: 1313 Mockingbird Lane, 3 Rolling Hills Court.
Cardinal numbers 10 and above. (Spell out numbers zero through nine.)
Ordinals 10th and above. (Spell out ordinals first through ninth.)
Units of measure: 3 miles, 55 mph, 7 hours, 50 lb., 35 mm, 6 inches. (See measure, units
of, this section.)
Credits and credit hours: 3 credit hours, 6 credits, 3-credit course.
Currency—See currency, this section.
Decimal fractions—See decimal fractions, this section.
Dimensions—Use figures and spell out inches, feet, yards, etc. to indicate height, length,
depth, and width. Hyphenate adjectival forms before nouns: He is 5 feet 6 inches tall, the 5foot-6-inch man, the 9-by-12 rug, the storm left 5 inches of snow.
Numbers in a series—Use a figure with the abbreviation no. (not the # symbol): no. 6, no.
15. Capitalize as the abbreviation for number when used adjectivally with a figure to indicate
position or rank: No. 1 problem, No. 3 choice. Do not use No. in the names of public
schools: School 32, School 17. (See schools, public, this section)
Parts of a book, periodical, or manuscript: volume 3, chapter 6, page 12, plate 7,
figures 23–29. (See books, parts of, this section.)
Parts of poems or plays: canto 2, stanza 4, act 3, scene 5.
Percentages—Use the word percent (not the % symbol), unless in tables or charts. Use
decimals, not fractions: 4.5 percent. For amounts less than 1 percent, precede the decimal
with a zero: 0.8 percent.
Ratios: the ratio was 2-to-1, a ratio of 2-to-1, a 2-1 ratio. (See ratios, this section.)
Sizes: a size 9 dress, size 40 long.
Time: 2:00 a.m., 11:17 p.m.
Years: 1945, 1880, 1977 (Note: Years with five or more digits use commas: “Radiocarbon
dating indicates that the campsite was in use by about 13,500 B.P.” 17) (See years, this
section.)
Also use figures with symbols: 3½", 36º, 9'.
O
offices—Always spell out; do not abbreviate. Capitalize formal names of offices. Use XYZ Office
rather than Office of XYZ: College Relations Office, not Office of College Relations.
outpatient
over, under—Compounds beginning with over or under are generally closed: overboard, overeager,
overzealously, underreported, underhandedly (but under way).
P
part time (adv.), part-time (adj.): He works part time. She has a part-time job.
17
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 8.41
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
19
percentages— Use numerals. Use decimals, not fractions. Spell out the word percent (do not use
the % symbol unless space is limited, as in tables or charts): 10 percent, 47 percent, 3.5 percent.
For amounts less than 1 percent, precede the decimal with a zero: 0.8 percent.
periodicals, titles—Italicize. See titles, composition and titles, articles and features, this section.
pickup (n., adj.), pick up (v.): Call us to schedule a pickup. He drives a pickup truck. She must pick
up her daughter at 3:30.
plural figures and letters—Add ’s to single letters and to abbreviations with two or more internal
periods; add s to multiple letters; add s to numbers:
• She received two A’s and three B’s. Mind your p’s and q’s.
• M.A.’s and Ph.D.’s
• The dorm had three RAs. The VIPs arrived early.
• Learn the dos and don’ts of web page design.
• The school became coeducational in the 1960s. Among the scores were two 240s and three
238s. There were five size 7s. (See grades, letter and letters, this section.)
p.m.—See a.m./p.m., this section.
possessives—The general rule for forming the possessives of singular common nouns—add ’s—covers
most proper nouns as well, including names ending in s, x, or z: Burns’s poems, Jones’s reputation,
Marx’s theories, Dickens’s novels, Margaux’s bouquet, Descartes’s work, Xerxes’s armies.
Exceptions to the general rule that form their possessives with an apostrophe only:
•
Nouns (common or proper) that are plural in form but singular in meaning or whose
singular and plural forms are the same: economics’, politics’, species’, College Relations’, the
United States’.
•
For...sake expressions with singular common nouns that end in s: for goodness’ sake,
for righteousness’ sake.
post- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: postbaccalaureate, postdoctoral, postimpressionism,
postmodern, posttraumatic, but post-Vietnam. (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
practicum (singular), practicums (plural) (but see curriculum, this section).
pre- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: predoctoral, preeminent, preempt, premajor,
premedical, preprofessional, preschool, preservice. Hyphenate with a compound modifier: prelatency-period episodes. (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
prefixes and suffixes—Most words with prefixes such as co-, pre-, un-, post-, and mini- and suffixes
such as -borne, -like, and -wide are formed as closed compounds. Some exceptions:
•
•
•
•
20
With proper nouns or numerals: mid-July, pre-Renaissance, post-1920.
As homographs: re-cover, re-create, un-ionized.
In compounds in which the second element consists of more than one word: pre-latencyperiod, non-English-speaking, non-degree-seeking. When a prefix is added to an open
compound, the hyphen becomes an en dash: pre–Civil War.
With suspensive hyphenation: over- and underused, macro- and microeconomics.
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
•
•
With some repeated vowels: anti-inflammatory, semi-independent.
With misleading or awkward forms: pro-life, co-chair, co-worker, unit-wide.
Presidents Day (no apostrophe)
preventive (n., adj.)
prime meridian
printmaking (n.)
prior to—avoid when possible; use before or until instead.
pro- (prefix)—Most compounds formed with pro that denote support for something are hyphenated.
A few are closed. Consult the dictionary: pronuclear, pro-family, pro-democracy, pro-choice,
pro-life, pro-American. (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
proved, proven–Use proved as the past participle, proven as an adjective only: She has proved her case.
It is a proven remedy.
punctuation—Generally, punctuation marks take the same style or font of type as the word, letter,
character, or symbol immediately preceding them. Exceptions: A question mark or exclamation
point that immediately follows an italicized title but is not part of the title should be set in roman
type: When did she write Out of Africa? Plurals of italicized terms also set the s or es in roman
type: She bought two Christian Science Monitors. Parentheses preceding or following italics are set
in roman type: Hal Ashby films (Harold and Maude, Shampoo, Coming Home, and Being There). (See
italicized words, this section.)
push button (n.), push-button (adj.)
Q
quasi—Compound adjectives with quasi are always hyphenated: quasi-public corporation;
compound nouns with quasi are always open: quasi contract, quasi union.
quotation marks, punctuation with—Commas and periods always go inside quotation marks. Other
punctuation marks go outside the quotation marks, unless they are part of the quoted material: He asked,
“Did you actually see him do it?” Have you read the article “Ten Simple Steps to Better Writing”?
R
ratios—“Use figures and hyphens: The ratio was 2-to-1, a ratio of 2-to-1, a 2-1 ratio. As illustrated,
the word to should be omitted when the numbers precede the word ratio.” 18
18
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2000), p. 212
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
21
re- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: recover, reelect, reenact, reentry, reunite; but, include the
hyphen if necessary to distinguish the word from its homograph: re-cover (to cover again), recreation (another creation). (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
recur, recurred, recurring (not reoccur)
references, first and subsequent—See capitalization and names, this section.
Regents (Board of Regents, New York State Board of Regents, Regents biology, Regents English)
request for proposals (RFP)
restroom
résumé
reverend and honorable—“The abbreviations Rev. and Hon. are used before a name when no the
precedes the title. With the, such titles should be spelled out.” 19 The title is dropped on second
reference: the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., King; the
Honorable Nancy Pelosi, Hon. Nancy Pelosi, Pelosi.
role-play (v.)
RSVP— “The abbreviation for the French repondez s’il vous plait, it means please reply.” 20 The phrase
Please RSVP is redundant.
S
St. Catharines, Ontario
school—Compounds with school are generally closed, with a few exceptions. Check the dictionary:
school board, school bus, school-age, schoolchildren, schoolroom, schoolteacher, schoolwork.
schools, public—Use figures and capitalize school. Do not include the word number, the symbol #, or
the abbreviation no.: School 96, School 76.
seasons—The four seasons are lowercased: fall 1994, the spring semester. Her favorite season was
winter. Seasons are capitalized, however, when used in place of the month or issue number of a
periodical: Journal of Human Resources (Fall 2009).
SEFA/United Way Campaign
self—Most constructions with self are hyphenated, “except when self- is followed by a suffix or
preceded by un”: self-conscious, self-reliant, self-righteous, self-restraint, selfish, selfless,
unselfconscious. 21 (See suffixes, this section.)
semester—Lowercase: fall semester, spring semester.
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 15.18
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2011), p. 247
21 The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 7.90
19
20
22
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
semi- (prefix)—Generally closed: semiannual, semifinal, semiliterate, semicircle; but use the hyphen
between repeated vowels: semi-independent, semi-indirect. (See prefixes and suffixes, this
section.)
setup (n.), set up (v.)—This looks like a setup. He set up the backdrop.
ships, trains, aircraft, spacecraft—“Names of specific ships, submarines, aircraft, spacecraft, and
artificial satellites are italicized, but not abbreviations such as SS or HMS preceding them”: USS
SC-530, Voyager 2, Sputnik II, CSS Shenandoah. 22 “Designations of class or make, names of trains,
and names of space programs are capitalized but not italicized”: DC-10, Concorde, Project
Apollo. 23
shut—Compound nouns with shut are generally hyphenated or closed: shut-in, shutdown, shutoff,
shutout. Consult the dictionary. As verbs, they remain open: He shut down his computer. She
shut off the light.
so-called (adj.)
Social Security, Social Security number
socio- (prefix)—Generally closed, no hyphen: socioeconomic, sociopolitical. (See prefixes and
suffixes, this section.)
South Buffalo—See directions and regions, this section.
speech-language (adj.)
speech-language-hearing (adj.)
State University Construction Fund
study abroad (v.-adv.), study-abroad (adj.): She will study abroad. I joined a study-abroad program.
sub- (prefix)—Most constructions with sub are closed: subbasement, subordinate, substandard.
Hyphenate when used with a proper noun: sub-Saharan, sub-Arctic. (See prefixes and suffixes,
this section.)
subtitles—Use a colon, not a semicolon or a dash, between titles and subtitles: Working with Words:
A Concise Handbook for Media Writers and Editors.
suffixes—Most compounds formed with suffixes are closed: nationhood, selfish, senseless. Consult
the dictionary. (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
SUNY Board of Trustees (Board of Trustees, trustees)
SUNYCard
SUNY Distinguished Professor— Awarded by the SUNY Board of Trustees, a rank higher than
(full) professor. Always capitalized.
22
23
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 7.99
Ibid., 7.100
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
23
SUNY Distinguished Service Professor—Awarded by the SUNY Board of Trustees, a rank
higher than (full) professor. Always capitalized.
SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor—Awarded by the SUNY Board of Trustees, a rank
higher than (full) professor. Always capitalized.
SUNY, University Centers—Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, and Stony Brook. Each institution has
its own preferred name. Add “State University of New York” when this affiliation is unclear to
the reader.
•
•
•
•
University at Albany
Binghamton University
University at Buffalo
Stony Brook University
SUNY, University Colleges—Each institution has its own preferred name. Spell out SUNY if the
abbreviation may be unclear to the reader (for example, a national or international audience).
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Buffalo State College
SUNY Cortland
SUNY Empire State College
SUNY Fredonia
SUNY Geneseo
SUNY New Paltz
SUNY Old Westbury
SUNY Oneonta
SUNY Oswego
SUNY Plattsburgh
SUNY Potsdam
Purchase College, State University of New York
T
teachers college (no apostrophe)
telephone numbers—Enclose area code in parentheses for both toll and toll-free calls. Do not
include the 1. Use a hyphen to punctuate, not a period or a space: (716) 878-4000, (800) 5551212.
theater—Not theatre, unless part of the official name of an organization: Studio Arena Theatre.
Theater District—in downtown Buffalo.
time—Use numerals, with zeros for even hours: The workshop will begin at 2:00 p.m.
Abbreviations for divisions of the day (a.m., p.m.) are set in lowercase with periods. Separate
time and division of day with a single space. Use noon (not 12:00 noon or 12:00 p.m.) and
midnight (not 12:00 midnight or 12:00 a.m.). See a.m./p.m., noon, and midnight, this section.
24
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
time zones—Lowercase, except for proper nouns: eastern standard time, central daylight time,
Greenwich mean time. Capitalize abbreviations: EST, CDT, GMT.
titles, academic—In general, capitalize an academic title when it immediately precedes a personal name and
thus is used as part of the name: 24 SUNY Chancellor Nancy L. Zimpher, Chancellor Zimpher; Buffalo
State President Katherine Conway-Turner, President Conway Turner; Professor Roy Hinkley, Professor
Hinkley. Lowercase a title when it stands alone, follows a name, or precedes a name but is used
appositively, that is, as an identifier or occupational descriptor rather than as a title (especially when
preceded by the or used with a modifier): Nancy L. Zimpher, SUNY chancellor; the provost of Buffalo
State, Melanie L. Perreault; Judith A. Smith, professor of fine arts; Harold Chasen, associate professor in
the Psychology Department; assistant professor of music Michael Timmins. (See titles, courtesy; titles,
military or civil; and honors, academic, this section.)
titles, articles and features—Titles of articles and features in periodicals and newspapers, chapter
titles, short-story titles, essays, and individual selections in books are set in roman type and
enclosed in quotation marks: “Talk of the Town” in last week’s New Yorker. The author cited
“Maternal Behavior and Attitudes,” chapter 14 in Human Development. 25
titles, composition—Use title capitalization, also called headline style or title case. (See headlinestyle capitalization, this section.)
Italicize:
Titles of books, magazines*, newspapers*, scholarly journals*, movies, television or radio series,
plays, long poetic works, exhibitions, photographs, paintings, sculptures, other works of art,
operas and other long musical compositions, and musical scores: the Christian Science Monitor, the
New England Journal of Medicine, Picasso’s Guernica, Le Nozze di Figaro.
Set in quotation marks:
Titles of dissertations, theses, journal articles, chapters of books, short stories, poems, articles
and features in periodicals and newspapers, song titles, specific radio programs and television
shows within a series (single program or episode): PBS’s Masterpiece Theatre; episode 122 of
Homicide: Life on the Street, “Forgive Us Our Trespasses”; National Public Radio’s Talk of the
Nation, “Welfare Reform and Child Care.”
*Note: The article the in newspaper and periodical titles is set in roman type and, unless it begins
a sentence, is lowercased: I read it in the New York Times. We’re running an ad in the Buffalo
News. With book titles, lowercase and set in roman type a book’s edition: Chicago Manual of Style,
14th edition.
titles, courtesy (Mr., Ms., Dr., etc.)—In general, courtesy titles are not used before names on first or
subsequent references in Buffalo State publications. (See names, this section.) Courtesy titles are
sometimes used in special cases, e.g., a list of donors or a special invitation. When a degree is
indicated, it follows the name on first reference: Judith A. Smith, Ph.D.; John Q. Jones, M.A. Do
not use both a title and a degree:
Preferable: Judith A. Jones, Ph.D.
Acceptable: Dr. Judith A. Jones
Incorrect: Dr. Judith A. Jones, Ph.D.
24
The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition (2003), 8.18
Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 7.139
25The
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
25
titles, military or civil—In general, capitalize a military or civil title when it immediately precedes a
personal name and is thus used as part of the name: 26 New York Senator Kirsten E. Gillibrand,
Senator Gillibrand; Buffalo Mayor Byron Brown, Mayor Brown; Prince Charles. Spell out and
capitalize a military or civil title that precedes a surname alone: Chief Justice Roberts, Senator
Schumer, Lieutenant Scheisskopf. Lowercase a title when used alone or in apposition to a name
(especially when preceded by the or used with a modifier): John Roberts, chief justice of the
United States; the mayor of Buffalo, Byron Brown. A civil or military title preceding a full name
may be abbreviated, especially when space is limited: Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Hartmann, Gov.
Andrew Cuomo. (See titles, courtesy; titles, academic; and honors, academic, this section.)
toward (not towards)
trademark names—“Use a generic equivalent unless the trademark name is essential to the story.
When a trademark name is used, capitalize it” 27: Frisbee, Jacuzzi, Jet Ski, Ping Pong, Popsicle, QTip, Rollerblade, Scotch Tape, Touch-Tone, Velcro. Eliminate TM and ® in running text.
Dictionaries indicate registered trademark names.
transfer, transferred, transferring, transferable
travel, traveled, traveling
tropic of Cancer, tropic of Capricorn, but Tropics (plural)
U
un- (prefix)—Generally closed. Hyphenate with proper nouns: unfunded, unnatural, un-American.
(See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
under- (prefix)—Most compounds with under are closed: undersea, underused, underreported,
undersecretary (but under way). (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
under way—Two words in virtually all uses: Preparations are under way. The process is under way.
United States—Spell out when used as a noun. Acceptable to abbreviate (U.S.) as an adjective: He
lives in the United States. He is a U.S. citizen. U.S. courts, U.S. dollars.
United Way Day of Caring
United Way of Buffalo and Erie County
university names—Do not capitalize the article the as part of a university’s name: He attended the State
University of New York at Buffalo. If a university has multiple campuses, follow the university’s
preferred style, using the word at, a dash, a comma, etc., to specify: the University of Wisconsin–
Madison; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
upstate New York
26
27
The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition (2003), 8.18
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2000), p. 251
26
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Upward Bound program
U.S.—See United States, this section.
U.S. Department of Education (but New York State Education Department)
V
versus—Spell out in running text. In short expressions, the abbreviation vs. (with period) is
permitted: guns vs. butter. Abbreviate as v. (with period) in legal cases: New York Times v.
Sullivan. (See legal cases, this section.)
Veterans Day (no apostrophe)
vice—two words (no hyphen) in all uses: vice president, vice chair, vice provost, vice principal.
videotape (n., v.)—Do you have a blank videotape? They will videotape the ceremony.
W
wars, battles—Full titles of wars, battles, and conflicts are capitalized. “The words war and battle are
lowercased when used alone”: 28 The American Civil War, World War I, Second World War, the
two world wars, Battle of the Bulge, Mexican Revolution. (See World War I, World War II, this
section.)
web—lowercase in most references to the Internet: web, web page, website. Capitalize World Wide
Web. (See Computer-Related Terms, Section X.)
well—Compounds formed with well are hyphenated before a noun, open after: well-known story,
the news was well received.
Western (adj.)—Western customs, Western dress, Western New York, Western Europe. (See
directions and regions, this section.)
Western New York
West Side—Buffalo’s West Side, New York’s Lower West Side (See directions and regions, this
section.)
white—lowercase for Caucasian.
-wide (suffix)—Generally closed except with proper nouns and words of three or more syllables:
campuswide, worldwide, Buffalo-wide, university-wide. “Hyphenated compounds retain the
hyphen both before and after a noun.” 29 (See prefixes and suffixes, this section.)
28
29
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 7.97
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 7.90
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
27
Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo
work—Most compound nouns with work are closed: workforce, workgroup, workhorse, workload,
workplace, workroom, work camp, work site. Consult the dictionary.
work-study (n., adj.)
World War I, World War II, the First World War, the Great War, the Second World War, World
Wars I and II, the two world wars. 30
X
x-ray (n., v., adj.): I think she should go for x-rays. The doctor will x-ray her arm. I saw the x-ray
films.
Y
years—Use figures, without commas, for years with four or fewer digits: 1948, 1776. Use figures,
with commas, for years with five or more digits: “Radiocarbon dating indicates that the campsite
was in use by about 13,500 B.P.” When designating eras with B.C. or A.D., the abbreviation
A.D. precedes the year, and B.C. follows it: “Britain was invaded successfully in 55 B.C. and
A.D. 1066.” 31
•
•
•
•
Use s (no apostrophe) to indicate spans of decades or centuries: the 1890s, the 1900s. (See
plural figures and letters, this section.)
Set off a year with commas when it follows a month and date: The Senate approved the
recommendation at its April 13, 2007, meeting.
Do not use a comma to separate a month and a year: June 1988.
Years are the sole exception to the rule of spelling out numbers that begin sentences. (See numbers,
figures or words? this section.)
Z
zero, zeros
30
31
Ibid, 8.121
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 8.41
28
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Section IV
Historical and Cultural Terms
Periods
Most period designations are lowercased except for proper nouns and adjectives. “Some names
applied to historical or cultural periods are capitalized either by tradition or to avoid ambiguity. Such
appellations are not enclosed in quotation marks.” 32
Age of Reason
baroque period
classical period
colonial period (U.S.)
Common Era
Dark Ages
Enlightenment
Gilded Age
golden age
Hellenistic period
Jazz Age
medieval era
Middle Ages
Progressive Era
Reformation, Counter-Reformation
Renaissance, High Renaissance
Restoration
Roaring Twenties
Romanticism, Romantic
Victorian era
“Names of prehistoric cultural periods are capitalized: Bronze Age, Ice Age, Iron Age, Stone Age.
Analogous terms for modern periods are lowercased: age of steam, nuclear age, information age.” 33
Events
“Names of many major historical events and projects are capitalized. Others, more recent or known
by their generic descriptions, are usually lowercased. If in doubt, do not capitalize.” 34
baby boom
Boston Tea Party
civil rights movement
cold war
gold rush
Great Depression
Great Society
Industrial Revolution
New Deal
Prohibition
Reign of Terror
War on Poverty
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 7.64
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 8.80
34 Ibid., 8.81
32
33
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
29
Cultural Movements and Styles
“Nouns and adjectives designating cultural styles, movements, and schools are capitalized if derived
from proper nouns.” 35 “Others are usually lowercased unless capitalization is needed to distinguish
the name of a movement or group from the same word in its general sense (e.g., Cynic, cynic).” 36
abstract expressionism
baroque
Cartesian
classical
conceptualism
cubism
Cynicism
Dadaism
deconstruction
Epicurean
existentialism
fauvism
Gothic
Gregorian chant
Hellenism
humanism
idealism
imagism
impressionism
mannerism
35
36
modernism
neoclassicism
Neoplatonism
nominalism
op art
Platonism
postimpressionism
postmodernism
Pre-Raphaelite
realism
rococo
Romanesque
romanticism
Sophist
Stoicism
structuralism
surrealism
symbolism
theater of the absurd
transcendentalism
The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), 8.85
The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993), 7.69
30
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Section V
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Most abbreviations or acronyms should be spelled out on first use. Buffalo State’s style is to
introduce the full term, followed by the abbreviation or acronym in parentheses, and use the
abbreviation or acronym alone on subsequent reference: American Association of State Colleges and
Universities (AASCU). If there is no subsequent reference, however, the abbreviation or acronym is
usually not needed.
A
AAAHC—Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care
AAM—American Alliance of Museums
ABD—all but dissertation
ABET—Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology
ABT—all but thesis
ACCES-VR—Adult Career and Continuing Education Services-Vocational Rehabilitation (formerly VESID)
ACE—American Council on Education
ACEJMC—Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
ACEND—Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
ACPHA—Accreditation Commission for Programs in Hospitality Administration
ADA—Americans with Disabilities Act
AFSCME—American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
ALA—American Library Association
APA—American Psychological Association
APTS—Aid for Part-Time Study (New York State)
ASHA—American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
ATMAE—Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
B
B.A.—bachelor of arts
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
31
B.F.A.—bachelor of fine arts
B.Mus.—bachelor of music education
BOCES—Board of Cooperative Educational Services
B.S.—bachelor of science
B.S.Ed.—bachelor of science in education
C
CAA— Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology
CAEP—Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation
C.A.S.—certificate of advanced study
CASE—Council for Advancement and Support of Education
CDC—Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CIDA—Council for Interior Design Accreditation
C.P.A.—certified public accountant
CSEA—Civil Service Employees Association
CSTEP—Collegiate Science and Technology Entry Program
C.S.W.—certified social worker
CSWE—Council on Social Work Education
D
D.D.S.—doctor of dental surgery
E
Ed.D.—doctor of education
EOC—Educational Opportunity Center
EOP—Educational Opportunity Program
EPIC—Every Person Influences Children
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
ETAC—Engineering Technology Accreditation Commission
F
FAFSA—Free Application for Federal Student Aid
FEPAC—Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission
FERPA—Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
FOI—Freedom of Information
FSEOG or SEOG—Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant
FWS—Federal Work-Study Program
G
GAAP—generally accepted accounting principles
GPA—grade point average
GRE—Graduate Record Examination
H
HIPAA—Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
I
IACBE—International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education
IACS—International Association of Counseling Services
J
J.D.—juris doctor (doctor of law)
L
L.P.N.—licensed practical nurse
LSAT—Law School Admission Test
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
33
M
M.A.—master of arts
M.B.A.—master of business administration
MCAT—Medical College Admission Test
M.D.—doctor of medicine
M.F.A.—master of fine arts
MLA—Modern Language Association
M.L.S.—master of library science
M.P.S.—master of professional studies
M.S.—master of science
M.S.Ed.—master of science in education
M.S.W.—master of social work
N
NAACP—National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NASAD—National Association of Schools of Art and Design
NASM—National Association of Schools of Music
NAST—National Association of Schools of Theatre
NCATE—National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
NEA—National Endowment for the Arts
NEH—National Endowment for the Humanities
NFTA—Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority
NIH—National Institutes of Health
N.P.—nurse practitioner
NSF—National Science Foundation
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
NYFA—New York Foundation for the Arts
NYSCB—New York State Commission for the Blind
NYSCOPBA—New York State Correctional Officers and Police Benevolent Association
NYSDEC— New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
O
O.T.—occupational therapist
P
P.A.—physician’s assistant
PEF—Public Employees Federation
Ph.D.—doctor of philosophy
PLUS—Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students
P.T.—physical therapist
R
R.N.—registered nurse
ROTC—Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
S
SAT—“Use only the initials in referring to the previously designated Scholastic Aptitude Test or
Scholastic Assessment Test.” 37
SEFA—State Employees Federated Appeal
STAP—Supplemental Tuition Assistance Program
SUNY—State University of New York
T
37
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2011), p. 250
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
35
TANF—Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
TAP—Tuition Assistance Program
TDD—telecommunications device for the deaf
TESOL—Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
TOEFL—Test of English as a Foreign Language
TTY—teletypewriter
U
USCIS—United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (formerly the INS—Immigration and
Naturalization Services)
UUP—United University Professions
V
W
WHO—World Health Organization
WWW—World Wide Web
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Section VI
Buffalo State Buildings
Bacon Hall
Bishop Hall
Buckham Hall
Bulger Communication Center
Butler Library
Campbell Student Union
Campus House
Cassety Hall
Caudell Annex
Caudell Hall
Central Receiving
Chase Hall
Classroom Building
Cleveland Hall
Clinton Center
Houston Gym
Ketchum Hall
LoRusso Alumni and Visitor Center
Moore Complex
Moot Hall
Neumann Hall
North Wing
Perry Hall
Porter Hall
Power Plant
Rockwell Hall
Savage Theater and Communication Building
Science and Mathematics Complex
Science Building
South Wing
Sports Complex (Sports Arena, Ice Arena, Houston Gymnasium, Kissinger Pool)
Student Apartment Complex
Technology Building
Tower 1
Tower 2
Tower 3
Tower 4
Twin Rise
Upton Hall
Weigel Health Center
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
37
Section VII
Buffalo State Centers, Departments, Offices,
Organizations, Programs, and Schools
Note on capitalization: Full names of offices and departments are capitalized. In some cases,
especially when they might otherwise be mistaken, shortened versions of those names are also
capitalized: Finance and Management Office, Finance and Management; Payroll Office, Payroll.
Academic program names and disciplines are lowercased, excluding proper nouns, which retain their
capitalization: master’s of English; mathematics program; She’s taking math, biology, Spanish,
photography, and nutrition.
A generic term used in the plural either before or after more than one proper noun is lowercased: the
Communication and Design departments, the College Relations and Admissions offices.
A
Academic Advisement Center
Academic Affairs Office
Academic Commons
Academic Intervention Program
Academic Skills Center
Academic Standards Office
Academic Support Programs
Accounts Payable and Travel Services Office
Admissions Office
adult education—master of science (M.S.); graduate certificate
Adult Education Department
African and African American studies—undergraduate minor
African and African American Studies Interdisciplinary Unit
Alumni Affairs Office
Alumni Association
anthropology—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Anthropology Department
apparel construction and patternmaking—undergraduate minor
applied economics—master of arts (M.A.)
applied mathematics—bachelor of science (B.S.)
Archives and Special Collections—in Butler Library
art—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
art conservation—master of arts (M.A.); certificate of advanced study (C.A.S.)
Art Education Department
art education (K–12)—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); postbaccalaureate teacher certification; master
of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
art history—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Arthur O. Eve Educational Opportunity Program (EOP)
Artist in Residence Program
arts and letters—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.)
art therapy—undergraduate minor
Asarese-Matters Community Center
Asian studies—undergraduate minor
astronomy—undergraduate minor
B
Bacon Gallery, Dr. Margaret Eschner Bacon Student Gallery—smaller gallery in Upton Hall
(formerly Gallery 234)
Banner system
Barnes & Noble at Buffalo State Bookstore
Barnes & Noble College Bookstores Inc.
Bengal Club—Buffalo State’s athletics booster club
Bengal Community of Scholars Program (or Community of Scholars)—formerly the Learning
Communities program
Bengal News Online
the Bengals—Buffalo State athletic teams (men’s and women’s)
biology—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.); undergraduate minor; master
of arts (M.A.)
Biology Department
biology education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
biology education (7–12, 5–6 extension)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
BSC—Do not use. Use Buffalo State, Buffalo State College, or SUNY Buffalo State. (See Referring
to Buffalo State, Section II.)
Budget Office
Buffalo State Alumni Association
Buffalo State Athletics Hall of Fame
Buffalo State, Buffalo State College, SUNY Buffalo State—Do not use BSC. (See Referring to
Buffalo State, Section II.)
Buffalo State Child Care Center (the Child Care Center, the center)
Buffalo State College Council (College Council, the council)
Buffalo State College Foundation
Buffalo State College Housing Corporation
Burchfield Penney Art Center at Buffalo State
business administration—bachelor of science (B.S.)
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
39
business and marketing education—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher
certification; master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
Business Department
business economics—undergraduate minor
Butler Library
C
Campbell Student Union Resident Dining Hall
Campbell Student Union Retail Food Court
Campus Dining Services
Campus Life Office
Campus Services and Facilities Office
career and technical education—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher certification;
master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
Career and Technical Education Department
Career Development Center (CDC)
Carnegie Academy for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (CASTL)
Carolyn Lehr Student-Athlete Academic Center
Cecilia Bard Multicultural Library for Peace
Center for China Studies
Center for Development of Human Services (CDHS)
Center for Economic and Policy Studies
Center for Economic Education
Center for Excellence in Urban and Rural Education (CEURE)
Center for Health and Social Research
Center for Southeast Asia Environment and Sustainable Development
Central Receiving
ceramics—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); bachelor of science (B.S.)
certificate of advanced study (C.A.S.)—postmaster’s certificate program
chemistry—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Chemistry Department
chemistry education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
chemistry education (7–12, 5–6 extension)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
childhood and early childhood curriculum and instruction—master of science in education
childhood and early childhood education (birth–grade 6), including initial certification—master of
science in education (M.S.Ed.)
childhood education (grades 1–6)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
Ciminelli Recital Hall
40
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
coaching—undergraduate minor
College Judicial Board/Campus Mediation Program
College Relations Office
College Senate Office (College Senate, the Senate)
College Work-Study Program (CWSP)
College Writing Program
Collegiate Science and Technology Entry Program (CSTEP)
Communication Department
communication design—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.)
communication studies—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
Community Academic Center
Comptroller’s Office
computer information systems—bachelor of science (B.S.); undergraduate minor
Computer Information Systems Department
Computing and Technology Services
Computing Help Desk
Continuing Professional Studies
Copy Center
Corporate and Foundation Relations Office
Council of Deans
Counseling Center
creative studies—undergraduate minor; master of science (M.S.)
Creative Studies Department—internal designation (See International Center for Studies in
Creativity, this section.)
Creative Studies Library—in Butler Library
creativity and change leadership—graduate certificate
criminal justice—bachelor of science (B.S.); undergraduate minor; master of science (M.S.)
Criminal Justice Department
Critical Incident Support (CIS) Team
Curriculum Materials Lab—in Butler Library
Custodial Services
CyberQuad
Czurles-Nelson Gallery—main gallery in Upton Hall
D
dance—undergraduate minor
Data Analytics Interdisciplinary Unit
Dean’s Honors Program
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
41
design (ceramic, fiber, furniture, jewelry)—undergraduate minor
Design Department
deviance—undergraduate minor
Dick Smith Teaching Pavilion
dietetics: didactic program in nutrition and dietetics—bachelor of science (B.S.)
dietetics: dietitian education program (DEP)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
digital music production—undergraduate minor
drafting technologies for interior design—undergraduate minor
drawing—undergraduate minor
E
early childhood and childhood education (birth–grade 6)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
early childhood education (birth–grade 2)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
earth science education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
earth science education (7–12, 5–6 extension)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
earth sciences—bachelor of science (B.S.); bachelor of science with honors (B.S.)
Earth Sciences and Science Education Department
economic policy analysis—undergraduate minor
economics—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.); bachelor of science (B.S)
Economics and Finance Department
Edna Rosner Rowland Teaching Studio
educational leadership—certificate of advanced study (C.A.S.)
educational leadership combined school building leader/school district leader (C.A.S.)
electrical engineering technology: electronics—bachelor of science (B.S.)
electrical engineering technology: smart grid—bachelor of science (B.S.)
Elementary Education and Reading Department
Elms—Buffalo State’s student yearbook
Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
energy systems—undergraduate minor
Engineering Technology Department
English—bachelor of arts (B.A.); master of arts (M.A.)
English Department
English education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher certification; master
of science in education (M.S.Ed.); undergraduate minor
Enrollment Management Office
Environmental Health and Safety Office
environmental science—undergraduate minor
environment and society—undergraduate minor
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Equity and Campus Diversity Office
Events Management Office
exceptional education dual certification: teachers of childhood special education and childhood
education—bachelor of science in education (B.S.Ed.)
Exceptional Education Department
exercise science—undergraduate minor
F
Facilities Planning and Institutional Studies Office
Faculty and Staff Appeal
family and consumer sciences education—bachelor of science (B.S.)
fashion and textile technology—bachelor of science (B.S.)
Fashion and Textile Technology Department
fashion design—undergraduate minor
fashion design (3+1)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
fashion merchandising (3+1)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
fibers—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); bachelor of science (B.S.)
film studies—undergraduate minor
Finance and Management Office
Financial Aid Office
Fine Arts Department
Flexible Theatre
foreign language education (grades 7–12; 1–6 extension)—master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
forensic anthropology—undergraduate minor
forensic chemistry—bachelor of science (B.S.)
forensic science—master of science (M.S.)
French and Francophone culture—undergraduate minor
French education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher certification
French—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
G
Patricia H. and Richard E. Garman Art Conservation Department
general education, general education 2000 (GE2K), general education requirements, general
education core (GEC)
geographic information systems—undergraduate minor
geography—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Geography and Planning Department
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
43
geology—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.); undergraduate minor
German—undergraduate minor
gerontology—undergraduate minor
global studies—undergraduate minor
Graduate School, the
Great Lakes Center
Great Lakes ecosystem science—master of arts (M.A.); master of science (M.S.)
H
health and wellness—bachelor of science (B.S.)
Health, Nutrition, and Dietetics Department
Higher Education Administration Department
higher education and student affairs administration—master of science (M.S.)
Hillel
history—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.); undergraduate minor; master of
arts (M.A.)
History and Social Studies Education Department
Homecoming and Family Weekend
Horace Mann Quad—quadrangle formed by Rockwell Hall, Ketchum Hall, the Savage Theater and
Communication Building, and Bacon Hall. (See quads, this section.)
hospitality administration—bachelor of science (B.S.); undergraduate minor
Hospitality and Tourism Department
human resource development—graduate certificate
Human Resource Management Office
I
Ice Arena (Buffalo State Ice Arena)
ice rink (Buffalo State ice rink, the ice rink at Buffalo State)
IFR and Recharge Accounting Office
indigenous studies—undergraduate minor
individualized studies—bachelor of science (B.S.)
industrial technology—bachelor of science (B.S.); master of science (M.S.)
Information Commons—in Butler Library
Institute for Community Health Promotion
Institutional Advancement Office
Institutional Research Office
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Instructional Design Office
Instructional Resources
Instructional Technology (Electronic Learning Office and Instructional Resources)
Intellectual Foundations
intelligence analysis—undergraduate minor
Intercollegiate Athletics
interior design—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.)
Interior Design Department
interior design studies—undergraduate minor
International and Exchange Programs Office
International Center for Studies in Creativity—the Creative Studies Department as it functions externally as a
nationally and internationally recognized teaching and research center. (See Creative Studies
Department, this section.)
international economics—undergraduate minor
International Graduate Programs for Educators Office
international relations—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
International Student Affairs Office
International Students Reading Area (in Butler Library, third floor SE quadrant)
Italian—undergraduate minor
J
January Term, J-Term
journalism—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
Judicial Affairs Office
K
Klein Lobby
L
leadership—undergraduate minor
learning design and educational technology—master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
legal studies—undergraduate minor
literacy specialist (birth–grade 12)—master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
literary studies—undergraduate minor
LoRusso Control Room and Recording Studio
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
45
M
Mail Room
mathematics—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Mathematics Department
mathematics education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher certification;
master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
mathematics education (7–12, 5–6 extension)—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher
certification
Maud Gordon Holmes Arboretum
McNair Scholars Program
mechanical engineering technology—bachelor of science (B.S.)
media production (formerly broadcasting)—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
medieval studies—undergraduate minor
metals/jewelry—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); bachelor of science (B.S.)
meteorology and climatology—undergraduate minor
Modern and Classical Languages Department
Monroe Fordham Regional History Center
Morton R. Lane State University Federal Credit Union
multidisciplinary studies—master of arts (M.A.); master of science (M.S.)
Muriel A. Howard Honors Program
museum studies—undergraduate minor; master of arts (M.A); graduate certificate; concentration
(within the master of arts in history)
music—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
Music Department
music education (pre-K–12)—bachelor of music (B. Mus.)
music education—master of music (M.M.)
O
N
National Student Exchange Program
Newman Center Catholic Campus Ministry
Newman Lecture Hall—formerly Bulger Communication Center North
New Student and Family Programs Office
Non-Traditional Students Organization
46
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
P
painting—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); undergraduate minor
Parking Services Office
Payroll Office
Performing Arts Center at Rockwell Hall
Perry Quad—quadrangle formed by Perry Hall, Cassety Hall, Campbell Student Union, and Chase
Hall. (See quads, this section.)
philosophy—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Philosophy Department
photography—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); undergraduate minor
physics—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of science (B.S.); undergraduate minor
Physics Department
physics education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); master of science in education (M.S.Ed.);
master of science in education, alternative certification (M.S.Ed.)
physics education (7–12, 5–6 extension)—bachelor of science (B.S.)
physics-engineering, 3-2 cooperative program—bachelor of science (B.S.)
political science—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Political Science Department
Porter Quad—quadrangle formed by Porter Hall, Bishop Hall, and Neumann Hall. (See quads, this
section.)
postbaccalureate teacher certification program
Precollegiate Programs: Liberty Partnerships, STEP, Talent Search, Upward Bound
President’s Cabinet (formerly Vice Presidents Council)
President’s Office
printmaking—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); undergraduate minor
Procurement Card, P-Card
Procurement Services
professional applied and computational mathematics—master of science (M.S.)
Professional Development Center
Professional Development Schools Consortium
professional French—undergraduate minor
Professional Staff Caucus (PSC)
Project FLIGHT
Provost’s Incentive Grants for Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creativity
psychology—bachelor of arts (B.A.); bachelor of arts with honors (B.A.); bachelor of science (B.S.); bachelor
of science with honors (B.S.); undergraduate minor
Psychology Department
public administration and nonprofit management—undergraduate minor
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
47
public administration in public and nonprofit management—master of public administration
(M.P.A.)
public communication—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
public management—graduate certificate program
public relations—master of science (M.S.)
Q
quads—See Horace Mann Quad, Perry Quad, Porter Quad, Student Union Quad, and Upton
Quad, this section.
quality—undergraduate minor
R
The Record—student newspaper
Reference Services—in Butler Library
Registrar’s Office
religious studies—undergraduate minor
Research and Economic Development Office—Part of the Provost’s Office, one of two units that compose
the campus site of the Research Foundation for the State University of New York. (See Sponsored
Program Operations Office, this section.)
Research Foundation for the State University of New York. For editorial purposes, on first reference in
running text, use Research Foundation for the State University of New York (with a lower case t). In
subsequent references, use Research Foundation or RF. Do not use the following terms to refer to the
Research Foundation:
•
•
•
•
Research Foundation of the State University of New York
SUNY Research Foundation
SUNY Foundation
Foundation
For display type (when the RF name stands alone) use Research Foundation for The State University of
New York (with a capital T). This format, which matches the logo, should be used for such items as
publication covers, program listings, posters, banners, and advertisements.
Residence Life Office
Resources for Information, Technology, and Education (RITE)
Rosen Endowment for Fine Art in Craft Media (See Sylvia L. Rosen Endowment for Fine Art in Craft
Media, this section.)
Rosen Gallery for Fine Art in Craft Media (See Sylvia L. Rosen Gallery for Fine Art in Craft Media, this
section.)
Rosen Senior Ceramics Studio and Library (See Sylvia L. Rosen, ’71, Senior Ceramics Studio and
Library, this section.)
Rowland Teaching Studio, Edna Rosner (See Edna Rosner Rowland Teaching Studio, this section.)
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
S
safety studies—undergraduate minor
School of Arts and Humanities
School of Education
School of Natural and Social Sciences
School of the Professions
Science Teaching Center
sculpture—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); undergraduate minor
Siena Program
Small Business Development Center
Social and Psychological Foundations of Education Department
social studies education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); bachelor of science with honors (B.S.);
postbaccalaureate teacher certification; master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
social studies education (7–12, 5–6 extension)—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher
certification
social welfare—undergraduate minor
social work—bachelor of science (B.S.)
Social Work Department
sociology—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Sociology Department
Spanish—undergraduate minor
Spanish education (7–12)—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher certification
Spanish—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
special education: childhood—master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
special education: early childhood—master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
Special Programs Office
speech—undergraduate minor
Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic
speech-language pathology—bachelor of science (B.S.); master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
Speech-Language Pathology Department
Sponsored Program Operations Office—Part of the Vice President for Finance and Management’s
Office, one of two units that compose the campus site of the Research Foundation for the State
University of New York. (See Research and Economic Development Office, this section.)
Sports Arena
STAR program—Success Track for Academic Readiness
Steinmiller Stage (honoring George and Joan Steinmiller Richmond)
Student Accessibility Services
Student Accounts Office
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
49
Student Affairs Office
Student Apartment Complex
Student-Athlete Advisory Committee
Student Life Office
Student Success Office
Student Support Services Program (SSSP)
students with disabilities 7–12 generalist and students with disabilities 7–12 subject extensions—
master of science in education (M.S.Ed.)
Student Union Plaza, the plaza—main quadrangle, formed by Campbell Student Union, Bulger
Communication Center, Butler Library, and Cleveland Hall. (See quads, this section.)
study of understanding community, diversity, and peace (permissible to shorten to community,
diversity, and peace when space is limited)
StudyQuad
Success Track for Academic Readiness (STAR) program
Sylvia L. Rosen Endowment for Fine Art in Craft Media
Sylvia L. Rosen Gallery for Fine Art in Craft Media
Sylvia L. Rosen, ’71, Senior Ceramics Studio and Library
T
Teacher Certification Office
teaching bilingual exceptional individuals—graduate certificate program
technology education—bachelor of science (B.S.); postbaccalaureate teacher certification; master of
science in education (M.S.Ed.)
television and film arts—bachelor of arts (B.A.)
TESOL pre-K–12—certificate of advanced study (C.A.S.)
theater—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
Theater Department
Travel Card, T-Card
U
Undergraduate Research Office
United Students Government (USG)
University College
University Police Department
Upton Quad—quadrangle formed by Upton Hall, Cassety Hall, Perry Hall, and Science Building.
(See quads, this section.)
urban and regional planning—bachelor of science (B.S.); undergraduate minor
urban civic education—undergraduate minor
urban education—master of science (M.S.)
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
V
Veteran and Military Services Office
Visiting Scholar Services
Volunteer and Service-Learning Center (VSLC)
W
Warren Enters Theatre (not the Warren Enters Theatre; not Enters Theatre)
WBNY-FM 91.3—campus radio station
Weigel Health Center—includes the Pharmacy, Dental Clinic, Women’s Health Services, Health
Resource Center, and Health Education Services
Whispering Pines Camp—in Ellicottville, N.Y.
Whitworth Ferguson Planetarium
wood/furniture—bachelor of fine arts (B.F.A.); bachelor of science (B.S.)
Woods-Beals Endowed Chair in Urban Education
women and gender studies—undergraduate minor
Women and Gender Studies Interdisciplinary Unit
writing—bachelor of arts (B.A.); undergraduate minor
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
51
Section VIII
Buffalo State Undergraduate Degree Programs
anthropology—B.A./B.A. with honors
applied mathematics—B.S.
art—B.A.
art education (K–12)—B.F.A.
art history—B.A.
arts and letters—B.A./B.A. with honors
biology—B.A./B.A. with honors
biology education (7–12)—B.S.
biology education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—B.S.
business administration—B.S.
business and marketing education—B.S.
career and technical education—B.S.
ceramics—B.F.A./B.S.
chemistry—B.A.
chemistry education (7–12)—B.S.
chemistry education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—B.S.
childhood education (grades 1–6)—B.S.
communication design—B.F.A.
communication studies—B.A.
computer information systems—B.S.
criminal justice—B.S.
dietetics: didactic program in nutrition and dietetics—B.S.
dietetics: dietitian education program (DEP)—B.S.
early childhood and childhood education (birth–grade 6)—B.S.
early childhood education (birth–grade 2)—B.S.
earth science education (7–12)—B.S.
earth science education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—B.S.
earth sciences—B.S./B.S. with honors
economics—B.A./B.A. with honors/B.S.
electrical engineering technology: electronics—B.S.
electrical engineering technology: smart grid—B.S.
English—B.A.
English education (7–12)—B.S.
exceptional education dual certification: teachers of childhood special education and childhood education—
B.S.Ed.
family and consumer sciences education—B.S.
fashion and textile technology—B.S.
fashion design (3+1)—B.S.
fashion merchandising (3+1)—B.S.
fibers—B.F.A./B.S.
forensic chemistry—B.S.
French education (7–12)—B.S.
French—B.A.
geography—B.A.
geology—B.A./B.A. with honors
health and wellness—B.S.
history—B.A./B.A. with honors
hospitality administration—B.S.
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
individualized studies—B.S.
industrial technology—B.S.
interior design—B.F.A.
international relations—B.A.
journalism—B.A.
mathematics—B.A.
mathematics education (7–12)—B.S.
mathematics education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—B.S.
mechanical engineering technology—B.S.
media production (formerly broadcasting)—B.A.
metals/jewelry—B.F.A./B.S.
music—B.A.
music education (Pre-K–12)—B.Mus.
painting—B.F.A.
philosophy—B.A./B.A. with honors
photography—B.F.A.
physics—B.A./B.S.
physics education (7–12)—B.S.
physics education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—B.S.
physics-engineering, 3-2 cooperative program—B.S.
political science—B.A.
printmaking—B.F.A.
psychology—B.A./B.A. with honors/B.S./B.S. with honors
public communication—B.A.
sculpture—B.F.A.
social studies education (7–12)—B.S./B.S. with honors
social studies education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—B.S.
social work—B.S.
sociology—B.A.
Spanish education (7–12)—B.S.
Spanish—B.A.
speech-language pathology—B.S.
technology education—B.S.
television and film arts—B.A.
theater—B.A.
urban and regional planning—B.S.
wood/furniture—B.F.A./B.S.
writing—B.A.
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
53
Section IX
Buffalo State Undergraduate Minor Programs
African and African American studies
Anthropology
apparel construction and patternmaking
art history
art therapy
Asian studies
astronomy
biology
business economics
chemistry
coaching
computer information systems
creative studies
criminal justice
dance
design (ceramic, fiber, furniture, jewelry)
deviance
digital music production
drafting technologies for interior design
drawing
economic policy analysis
energy systems
English education
environmental science
environment and society
ethics
exercise science
fashion design
film studies
forensic anthropology
French and Francophone culture
geographic information systems
geography
geology
German
gerontology
global studies
history
hospitality administration
54
indigenous studies
intelligence analysis
interior design studies
international economics
international relations
Italian
leadership
legal studies
literary studies
mathematics
medieval studies
meteorology and climatology
museum studies
painting
philosophy
photography
physics
political science
printmaking
professional French
psychology
public administration and nonprofit management
quality
religious studies
safety studies
sculpture
social welfare
sociology
Spanish
speech
study of understanding community, diversity,
and peace (permissible to shorten to
community, diversity,
and peace when space is limited)
theater
urban and regional planning
urban civic education
women and gender studies
writing
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Section X
Buffalo State Graduate Degree and Certificate Programs
adult education—M.S./graduate certificate program
applied economics—M.A.
art conservation—M.A./C.A.S.
art education (K–12)—M.S.Ed./postbaccalaureate teacher certification
biology—M.A.
biology education (7–12)—M.S.Ed.
business and marketing education—M.S.Ed./postbaccalaureate teacher certification
career and technical education—M.S.Ed./postbaccalaureate teacher certification
chemistry education (7–12)—M.S.Ed.
childhood and early childhood curriculum and instruction—M.S.Ed.
childhood and early childhood education (birth–grade 6), including initial certification—M.S.Ed.
creative studies—M.S.
creativity and change leadership—graduate certificate program
criminal justice—M.S.Ed.
earth science education (7–12)—M.S.Ed.
educational leadership—C.A.S.
educational leadership combined school building leader/school district leader—C.A.S.
English—M.A.
English education (7–12)—M.S.Ed./postbaccalaureate teacher certification
foreign language education (grades 7–12; 1–6 extension)—M.S.Ed.
forensic science—M.S.
French education (7–12)—postbaccalaureate teacher certification
Great Lakes ecosystem science—M.A.; M.S.
higher education and student affairs administration—M.S.
history—M.A.
human resource development—graduate certificate program
industrial technology—M.S.
learning design and educational technology—M.S.Ed.
literacy specialist (birth–grade 12)—M.S.Ed.
mathematics education (7–12)—M.S.Ed./postbaccalaureate teacher certification
mathematics education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—postbaccalaureate teacher certification
multidisciplinary studies—M.A./M.S.
museum studies—M.A./graduate certificate program
music education—M.M.
physics education (7–12)—M.S.Ed.
physics education (7–12) with alternative certification—M.S.Ed.
professional applied and computational mathematics—M.S.
public administration in public and nonprofit management—M.P.A.
public management—graduate certificate program
public relations—M.S.
social studies education (7–12)—M.S.Ed./postbaccalaureate teacher certification
social studies education (7–12; 5–6 extension)—postbaccalaureate teacher certification
Spanish education (7–12)—postbaccalaureate teacher certification
special education: childhood—M.S.Ed.
special education: early childhood—M.S.Ed.
speech-language pathology—M.S.Ed.
students with disabilities 7–12 generalist and students with disabilities 7–12 subject extensions—M.S.Ed.
teaching bilingual exceptional individuals— graduate certificate program
technology education—M.S.Ed./postbaccalaureate teacher certification
TESOL pre-K–12—C.A.S.
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
55
urban education—M.S.
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
Section XI
Commonly Misspelled Words
acceptable
accessible
accidentally
accommodate
accumulate
acknowledgment
acquit
adviser
a lot
annihilate
anoint
argument
arithmetic
athletic
auxiliary
bankruptcy
battalion
believe
bookkeeper
broccoli
buoyant
business
caffeine
calendar
camaraderie
canceled
cemetery
changeable
commitment
comparable
compatible
condemn
connoisseur
conscious
consensus
courageous
criticize
defendant
definitely
dependent
desiccate
desirable
desperate
deterrent
dilemma
disappoint
ecstasy
embarrass
excel
excusable
exhilarate
existence
exorbitant
fiery
financier
fluorescent
forcible
genealogy
harassment
hemorrhage
hygiene
hypocrisy
inadvertent
independent
indispensable
innocuous
innuendo
inoculate
irascible
irresistible
jeopardy
judgment
legitimate
leisure
liaison
likable
likelihood
liquefy
loneliness
maintenance
manageable
medieval
memento
millennium
millionaire
minuscule
nickel
niece
noticeable
occasion
occurrence
omitted
parallel
paraphernalia
pastime
pavilion
permissible
perseverance
persistent
plagiarism
precede
predecessor
prerogative
privilege
procedure
proceed
propeller
protein
questionnaire
rarefy
recommend
relevant
repetitious
resistant
resuscitate
rhyme
rhythm
sacrilegious
seizure
separate
sergeant
sheriff
silhouette
skillful
sovereign
stupefy
succeed
superintendent
supersede
surprise
synonymous
tariff
temperament
threshold
usage
vacillate
vacuum
vilify
villain
weird
wield
willful
withhold
woolly
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
57
Section XII
Commonly Confused Terms
adverse, averse—Adverse means unfavorable; averse means opposed.
affect, effect—Affect, almost always a verb, means to influence: The president’s tax cuts will affect
only the wealthiest citizens. (The noun affect has a specialized meaning in psychology: an
emotional state.) Effect, usually a noun, means a result or consequence: Interest rates have an
effect on the economy. (The verb effect means to bring about, make happen, or produce).
aid, aide—Aid means help; an aide is an assistant.
assure, ensure—To assure is to guarantee or promise or convince (someone); to ensure means to
make certain: After ensuring that the deposit was received, I assured him that the check would
clear. (See ensure, insure, this section.)
biannual, biennial—Biannual means twice a year; biennial means every two years.
biweekly, semiweekly—Biweekly means every other week; semiweekly means twice a week.
carat, caret, karat—A carat is a unit of weight used with diamonds and other gems. A caret is an
editing mark (^). A karat is a unit of measure for the purity of gold.
cement, concrete—Cement is the powder used to make concrete; concrete is the hardened substance
of which roads, sidewalks, and walls are made.
chord, cord—Chord is the spelling for the musical and mathematical terms. A cord is a string, rope,
or cable. Vocal cord and spinal cord are so spelled. A cord is also a measure of wood.
cite, site—To cite means to quote or refer to; a site is a place.
complement, compliment—Complement is a noun and a verb meaning to complete or supplement
something: A complement of courses. The tie complements his suit. Compliment is a noun or a
verb that means praise or an expression of courtesy: She was flattered by the compliment. The
drinks were complimentary (a courtesy).
compose, comprise, constitute—Compose means to make up or constitute. Comprise means to
contain or to embrace. The parts compose the whole; the whole comprises the parts: Five men
and seven women composed the jury. The jury comprised five men and seven women.
discreet, discrete—Discreet means prudent; discrete means separate.
dual, duel—Dual means double or twofold. A duel is a fight between two people.
ensure, insure—Use ensure to mean to guarantee: Steps were taken to ensure accuracy. Use insure for
references to insurance: The policy insures his home and its contents. (See assure, ensure, this
section.)
entitled, titled—Use entitled to mean a right to do or have something: She was entitled to a raise.
Use titled for the titles of academic works, novels, etc.: The article was titled “Development:
From Infancy to Adolescence.”
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BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
flaunt, flout—To flaunt is to show off. To flout is to disregard out of contempt.
forego, forgo—Forego means to go before; forgo means to abstain from.
home in, hone in—Home in, not hone in, is the correct phrase when the meaning is to move toward a
certain place by following a signal or marker. To hone is to sharpen.
its, it’s—Its is the possessive form of it; it’s is the contraction for it is.
lectern, podium—A speaker stands behind a lectern or on a podium.
loath, loathe—Loath is an adjective meaning reluctant. It is followed by to: He was loath to admit his
distrust. Loathe is a verb meaning to dislike intensely: I loathe exercise.
mantel, mantle—A mantel is the long shelf above a fireplace; a mantle is a cloak or the region
between the earth’s core and crust.
palette, palate, pallet—A palette is an artist’s board for mixing colors. It can also mean a selection
or a range of colors. The roof of the mouth is spelled palate. A pallet is a low platform, a wooden
tool with a flat blade and a handle, or a straw-filled mattress or a makeshift bed.
peak, peek, pique—Peak usually refers to a crest or high point. It also can mean to grow thin or
sickly or to dwindle away (someone who looks pale and weak looks peaked). Pique as a noun
means resentment at being slighted, and as a verb, to irritate, excite, or arouse. The common
expression is “pique one’s interest.” A peek is a quick or furtive glance.
pour, pore (v.)—Pour means to flow; pore means to intently scrutinize.
premier, premiere—Premier means first in importance, rank, or time. Premier is also a title for a
government official. Premiere, with a final e, means an opening or debut performance.
principal, principle—Principal is a noun and an adjective meaning first in rank, authority,
importance, or degree. Principle is a noun that means a rule, truth, or law.
reign, rein—Reign means authority, rule, or prevalence. A rein is a leather strap for a horse. The
proper phrases are rein in, free rein, tighten the reins, etc.
reluctant, reticent—“Reluctant means unwilling to act; reticent means unwilling to speak.” 38
38
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2000), p. 217
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
59
Section XIII
Computer-Related Terms
ASCII—American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
BASIC—Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code
CAD—computer-aided design
CD-ROM—compact disc—read-only
memory
cell phone
COBOL—Common Business-Oriented
Language
compact disc
CPU—central processing unit
database
data processing (n.)
data-processing (adj.)
desktop
domain name
DOS—disk operating system
dot-com (n., adj.)
download
e-commerce
e-mail
FORTRAN—Formula Translator
FTP—file transfer protocol
GB—gigabyte
GUI—graphical user interface
handheld (adj.)
hard drive
high-tech
home page
HTML—hypertext markup language
http—hypertext transfer protocol
hyperlink
hypertext
in-box
Internet
intranet
KB—kilobyte
LAN—local area network
LCD—liquid crystal display
60
LexisNexis—computerized legal research
system
LISTSERV—trademarked term; use email list, electronic mailing list, or
distribution list for general references
log in (v.); log-in (n.)
log on (v.); log-on (n.)
MB—megabyte
off-line
online
operating system (OS)
output
PC—personal computer
PDF—portable document format
RAM—random-access memory
ROM—read-only memory
real time (n.); real-time (adj.)
shareware
smartphone
spreadsheet
Telnet
URL—uniform resource locator
username
WAN—wide-area network
web
webcast
webmaster
web page
website
Wi–Fi
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows NT
Windows Vista
word processing (n.)
word-processing (adj.)
workstation
WWW—World Wide Web
WYSIWYG—what you see is
what you get
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE
NOTES
BUFFALO STATE EDITORIAL STYLE GUIDE