The Haitian Revolution
A Documentary History
Linga-Bibliothek
Linga A/909799
Edited and Translated, with an Introduction, by
DAVID C^EGGUS
Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
Indianapolis/Cambridge
CONTENTS
Introduction
xi
Timeline
:xv
Map
/iii
1. SAINT DOMINGUE ON THE EVE OF REVOLUTION
1
1. Greed and Decadence (Bibliothequ'e Mazarine,
Paris, Ms. 3453)
The Plantation Hierarchy (Malenfant, Des colonies)
A Slave Traders View (AN, Paris, 505 Mi 85-86)
Plantation Slaves (Girod de Chantrans, Voyage d'un Suisse)
The Lejeune Atrocity Case (ANOM, Aix, F3/90)
Racial Discrimination: Official (Gregoire,
Memoire en faveur des gens de couleur)
7. Racial Discrimination: Unofficial (ANOM, Aix, DFC/
XXI/129/245)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2. SLAVE RESISTANCE
3
4
6
7
10
12
14
15
8. Satirical Song (Vaublanc, Souvenirs-, Laplace,
Histoire des desastres)
9. Urban Slave Culture: Report of the Chamber of
Agriculture (1785) (ANOM, Aix, F3/126)
10. Macandal the Poisoner (Moreau de Saint-Mery,
Description de Saint-Domingue)
11. Vodou and Petro (Moreau de Saint-Mery,
Description de Saint-Domingue)
12. Vodou and the Underworld (Drouin de Bercy,
De Saint-Domingue)
13. Prophet or Crook? The Real Don Pedro (ANOM,
Aix, E 182)
14. Slaves on Strike (AN, 505 Mi 86; AN, Paris, 107 AP 128)
15. Day-to-Day Resistance on a Mountain Plantation
(Tousard Papers, University of Michigan)
16. Runaway Advertisements (Afpches Americaines\
Gazette de Saint-Domingue)
v
17
17
19
20
22
24
25
29
33
VI
Contents
3. THE RACE AND SLAVERY QUESTIONS IN THE FRENCH
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
17. The Enlightenment, Race, and Slavery (Voltaire, Candide
and Essai sur les moeurs\ Raynal, Histoirephilosophique)
18. The Founding of the Friends of the Blacks (Brissot,
Discours sur la necessite d'etablir a Paris une Societe)
19. Fear of Emancipation and Revolt (Raimond,
Correspondance de Julien Raimond)
20. A Free Man of Color's Complaints (J. M. C. Americain,
Precis des gemissemens)
21. Free People of Color Organize (Cahier ... des
citoyens-libres &proprietaires de couleur)
22. The Abbe Gregoire's Violent Rhetoric (Gregoire,
Memoire en faveur des gens de couleur, Lettre aux
citoyens de couleur et negres libres)
23. Oge Addresses the Planters' Club (Motion faitepar
M. Vincent Oge)
24. Support from the Provincial Jacobin Clubs
(Lettres des diverses societes)
25. The May 1791 Debates (Archivesparlementaires)
4. THE FIGHT FOR RACIAL EQUALITY
IN SAINT DOMINGUE
26. Early Atrocities (Garran Coulon, Rapport 1:106—13)
27. Free Coloreds Petition the Assembly of the North (AD,
Bordeaux, 61 J 15)
28. The Rebellion of Oge and Chavanne (Ardouin, Etudes;
Gamier, Combats affreux)
29. The Sentencing of Oge and Chavanne (Arret du
Conseil Superieur)
30. The August 1791 Rising in the West (Garran Coulon,
Rapport, 2:130-45)
31. The Peace Treaty of 19-23 October 1791 (Concordat,
ou Traite de paix)
32. Call to Arms of the Free Men of Color (Copie d'une
lettre des chefs des gens de couleur)
5. THE SLAVE INSURRECTION
33. Slaves' Reaction to the French Revolution (ANOM, Aix,
C9A/162)
34. Planning the Rebellion: The Lenormand Meeting
(NYPL, Fisher Collection 8:5)
35. The Bois Caiman Ceremony (Dalmas, Histoire de la revolution)
36
39
40
43
44
46
47
48
50
51
57
59
61
62
64
65
68
70
72
75
77
78
Contents
36. The Uprising Begins (Archives Parlementaires, 35:460-61)
37. The Slave Insurgents Make Demands (AD, Nantes,
1 ETA 34)
38. A White Captive's Experiences (Gros, Isle St.-Domingue,
Province du Nord)
39. The Slave Leaders Negotiate (Hagley Library, Acc. 874; AN,
Dxxv/1/14)
40. The Negotiations Break Down (Gros, Isle St.-Domingue,
Province du Nord)
41. Women in Rebellion (AN, Paris, F3/141; Mediatheque,
Nantes, Ms. 1809; SHM, Vincennes, Ms. 113; Gros,
Isle St. -Domingue)
42. Arming Slaves: The Cai'mittes Rebellion (Proces-Verbaux de
I'Assemblee Generale)
43. Black Tactics, White Responses (Histoire des desastres-,
ANOM, Aix, D2c/99; AN, Paris, Dxxv/12/116;
Tousard Papers, University of Michigan)
6. SLAVE EMANCIPATION
44. The Colonists' Fear of Sonthonax, September 1792
(Moniteur General)
45. Sonthonax's Early Advocacy of Slave Emancipation
(Revolutions de Paris)
46. Abolitionist Reaction to the Slave Insurrection
(Archives Parlementaires)
47. Spain's Offer to the Insurgent Slaves
(AGS, Simancas, Guerra Moderna 7161)
48. The Emancipation Proclamation of 29 August 1793
vii
79
82
83
86
89
91
93
94
98
101
102
102
105
(Sonthonax, Proclamation au nom de la Republique)
49. The Black Auxiliaries of Carlos IV
(Del Monte y Tejada, Historia de Santo Domingo-,
AGI, Sevilla, SD 1031; AGS, Simancas, GM 6855)
50. Royalism, Republicanism, and Freedom
(AGS, Simancas, Guerra Moderna 7157)
51. France Abolishes Slavery (Decret de la Convention nationale)
107
52. Belley, the Black Deputy (Belley, Le bout d'oreille des colons)
53. The Fort Dauphin Massacre, 7 July 1794
(TNA, London, CO 137/93)
112
7. THE RISE OF TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE
54. Toussaint's Early Life (ANOM, Aix, CC9B/23)
55. Toussaint the Royalist (AN, Paris, Dxxv 20/200;
AN, Paris, AA 55/1511)
109
111
112
114
117
120
122
VIII
Contents
56. Toussaint the Abolitionist (AN, Paris, AE II 1375;
AN, Paris, AA 53 d. 1490)
57. Rivalry with Biassou (Ardouin, Etudes sur
I'kistoire d'Haiti)
58. Toussaint and Laveaux (BN, Paris, Ms. Efr. 12104)
59. Toussaint and the Ex-Slaves (BN, Paris, Ms. F. fr. 12104)
60. A British Soldier's Diary (BPL, Ms. Haiti 6f)
61. The Fall of Port-au-Prince, May 1798 (BN, Paris, Ms.
Naf. 14878)
62. The Expulsion of Sonthonax (Extrait du rapport adresse
au Directoire executive)
8. THE GOVERNMENT OF TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE
123
126
128
129
132
133
135
139
63. Toussaint Confronts His Critics (Louverture, Refutation
de quelques assertions)
64. Toussaint and Agent Hedouville (ANOM, Aix, CC9B/23)
143
146
65. The War of the South (BN, Paris, Ms. Naf. 14879)
66. Plantation Labor in the Southeast (BPL, Ms. Haiti
71-20 and 27)
67. Toussaint's Labor Decree (Supplement to the
Royal Gazette, 1800)
68. A British Visitor (Rainsford, Historical Account)
69. Roume's Praise for the Cultivators (TNA, London,
CO 245/2)
70. A Colonist's Complaints (Descourtilz, Voyages d'un
naturaliste)
71. Toussaint Louverture's Constitution, July 1801
(Constitution de la colonie frangaise de Saint-Domingue)
72. Moyse's Rebellion (BN, Paris, Ms. Naf. 14879)
73. Proclamation, 4 Frimaire X (Vieprivee, politique et
militaire de Toussaint Louverture)
148
9. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
74. Bonaparte on Slave Emancipation (Roederer, Journal\
Goldsmith, Recueil de decrets)
75. General Leclerc and the Restoration of Slavery
(Roussier, Lettres du general Leclerc)
76. Toussaint in Captivity (AN, Paris, AF IV 1213)
77. U.S. Newspaper Reports (Philadelphia Gazette 15 June 1802)
78. Collaboration and Revolt (Roussier, Lettres du
general Leclerc)
79. Atrocities (John Carter Brown Library, Providence,
Codex fr. 32)
151
153
154
158
158
160
164
166
168
171
172
174
175
176
178
Contents
80. The Declaration of Independence, 1 January 1804
(Boisrond Tonnerre, Liberte ou la mort)
81. Dessalines' Proclamation, 28 April 1804 (ANOM, Aix,
CC9B/23)
10. OVERSEAS REACTIONS
ix
179
180
183
82. Jamaican Slaves, 1791 (TNA, London, CO 137/89)
83. Popular Heroes in Cuba, 1795 (AGI, Seville, Estado 5)
84. Troublesome Migrants in Puerto Rico, 1796 (AGI,
Seville, Estado 10)
186
186
85. Jamaican Song, 1799 (Renny, History of Jamaica)
86. Venezuelan Song, 1801 (ANH, Caracas, A13-5159—2)
87. Brazilian Militiamen, 1805 (Mott, "A escravatura")
88. Aponte's Rebellion, Cuba, 1812 (Franco, La conspiracidn
de Aponte)
89. Danger and Opportunity: The British Press, 1791
(The Times)
90. Greed and Fear in Cuba (Arango y Parreno, Obras)
91. "Rights of Black Men": Abraham Bishop, 1791
(The Argus)
92. Samuel Whitchurch, Hispaniola, a Poem (1804)
93. An Anguished Thomas Jefferson (Library of Congress;
Writings of Thomas Jefferson-, Lokke, "Jefferson and the
Leclerc Expedition"; Logan, Diplomatic Relations)
94. Simon Bolivar: The Disillusioned Idealist (Bolivar, Obras
completas)
95. The Impact of Independence (Barrow, Voyage to
Cochin China)
96. Charles Brockden Brown: The Haitian Peril, Abolition,
and Race (Brown, The Literary Magazine, and American
Register)
97. Race and Barbarism: An Early Historian (Rainsford,
Historical Account)
98. William Wordsworth, "To Toussaint L'Ouverture"
(Wordsworth, Morning Post)
99. Frederick Douglass, Lecture on Haiti (1893)
188
188
189
187
189
191
192
193
194
195
197
199
200
201
202
203
Bibliography
206
Index
209