USHC – 2.2: Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the
concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United
States’ relationships with foreign powers, including
the role of the United States in the Texan Revolution
and the Mexican War.
Opening:
Expansion in
Texas Readin
Guide
Work Period:
2.2 Monroe
Doctrine and
Manifest Destiny
Closing:
QUIZ on 2.1 and 2.2
Essential Question
How did the Monroe Doctrine
and Manifest Destiny effect
different areas of foreign policy
during the 19th century?
•European monarchies defeat
Napoleon in 1815
•Simon Bolivar and Jose San
Martin lead the independence
movement in the Latin
American colonies and
overthrow Spain
•Russian tsar announces in 1821
that his empire extends south
into Oregon
•British fear that the Quadruple
Alliance may try to suppress
Latin American democracies
•Sec. Of State John Q. Adams
advises that the U.S. issue an
independent statement opposing
intervention in Latin American
•European monarchies form
the Quadruple Alliance to
suppress democratic
revolutions
•Newly independent nations of
Latin America gain the
sympathy of the American
people
•Britain and U.S. are alarmed
at Russian expansionist aims
•Britain proposes to issue a
joint statement with the U.S.
against intervention in Latin
America
•U.S. issues the Monroe
Doctrine
 British and U.S. leaders decided
they had a common interest in
protecting North and South
America from the possible
aggression of a European
power
 *British initiative-wants to
protect their lucrative trade
 American response
 Secretary of State John Quincy Adams believed
that joint action with Britain would restrict U.S.
opportunities for further expansion in the
hemisphere
 If the U.S. acted alone, Britain could be counted upon
to stand behind U.S. policy
 No European power would risk going to war in South
America, and if it did, the British navy would surely
defeat the aggressor
monroe doctrine
•*Aimed at European
Powers who wanted to
restore their colonial
holdings
•Also a response to the
collapse of the Spanish
empire in the Americas
and our recent history
with Great Britain and
France.
•Keep European monarchies out of the Western
Hemisphere.
•Their government systems are foreign to the U.S.
• Referred to as America’s Self
Defense Doctrine.
• It is a continuation of President
Washington’s neutrality and
isolationist policies.
• Past problems with Europe led
the US to declare the Americas
off-limits to Europe
US recognized
existing European
Colonies
US will stay out of
European affairs
Monroe
Doctrine
US protector of new
democracies in the
Western Hemisphere
No European
Colonization in the
Americas
Western
Hemisphere or
the Americas.
•New Latin
American countries
were formed from
successful
revolutions.
•US protector of
new democracies in
the Western
Hemisphere
Activity –Mini Debate
 In 1823, President James Monroe, with the help of his
advisors, developed the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe
Doctrine said that the US would not allow any European
nation to intervene in or colonize countries in the Western
Hemisphere in any way at any time for any reason.
 Do you believe that Monroe had the right to tell other
countries to stay out of the Western Hemisphere? Explain.
Reasons for Manifest Destiny
 Changes in the early Antebellum era (1800-1840),
encouraged westward expansion in the 1840s
 Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the USA
 Lewis & Clark’s exploration confirmed the economic potential
of the western territory
What changed in the 1840s
that encouraged
westward expansion?
Manifest Destiny
In the 1840s, westward
expansion
“Obvious
“Future
” all lands”
led Americans to acquire
from the Atlantic to Pacific in a
movement called Manifest Destiny
Americans flooded into the West
for new economic opportunities
The U.S. gained Texas, Oregon,
California, & other territories
through treaty or war
When Americans were
colonists (1607-1783),
the western border was the
Appalachian Mountains
After the Revolutionary
War, the western border
of the U.S. was the
Mississippi River
After Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the
western border was the Rocky Mountains
By 1850, the western border was
the Pacific Ocean
from Oregon to California
Reasons for Manifest Destiny
 Americans had a God-given right
to all the land of the North
American continent. (Other
peoples were less favored by
divine providence)
 The growth of “King Cotton” &
commercial farming led to a desire
for more western lands
 Improved transportation such as
canals, steamboats, & railroads
increased speed & profitability
MEXICO CONTROLS TEXAS
 After 300 years of Spanish rule,
Mexican settlers felt at home in
Texas territory
 Mexico won their independence
from Spain in 1821 and Texas was
theirs
 Mexican officials offered land to
Americans to make the area more
stable
 Americans soon outnumbered
Mexicans in Texas – trouble started
when Mexico outlawed slavery
Texas Revolution
Revolt



Tariff on American
imports
Texans wanted Salutary
Neglect
Alamo – Pres. Santa
Anna lead attack


187 Americans died
Texans later defeated
Mexican Army
Texas Revolution
3. Republic of Texas

Separate Country
4. Annexation


America absorbed Texas
Issue- Slave or nonSlave?
Manifest Destiny-Texas
 In order to avoid
controversy over whether
TX would be a slave state,
Texas remained
independent for almost a
decade.
 President James Polk
annexed Texas shortly after
his election in 1844.
Manifest Destiny-Mexican Cession
 President Polk offered to purchase
additional Mexican territory, but was
turned down.
 He sent troops to a region that was disputed
between TX and MX, and the Mexicans
interpreted this as a hostile act, which led to
war.
 Peace treaty gave US land that
includes California, New Mexico and
Arizona.
 This was neither American territory nor
unclaimed land.
Impact of the Mexican War
 The Mexican War established an
adversarial relationship between the US
and Mexico that lasted into the 20th
century and may still influence
resentments today over illegal
immigration.
Activity 2-Flow Map
 Create a flow map of key events from standard 2.1 and 2.2
(use your notes from yesterday!)
CLOSING
 QUIZ TIME!
Extra Credit:
 Analyze the picture on the next slide. (Worth up
to 10 points for a well-thought out response)
 www.historyonthenet.com
This picture is entitled ‘Manifest Destiny’. Explain how the artist uses
the objects and people in the picture to encourage people to fulfil their
Manifest Destiny.