Q1.
Limestone and the products of limestone have many uses.
(a)
Limestone is quarried.
Photograph © Lonny Kalfus / Getty Images
Quarrying limestone has impacts that cause environmental problems.
Tick ( ) two impacts that cause environmental problems.
Impact of quarrying
Tick ( )
Puts off tourists
Causes dust pollution
Increases jobs
Increases traffic
(2)
(b)
Limestone contains calcium carbonate, CaCO3. When it is heated calcium carbonate
produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
The word equation for this reaction is:
calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
(i)
Complete the sentence.
The reaction when calcium carbonate is heated is called
thermal ...........................................
(1)
(ii)
100 g of calcium carbonate was heated and produced 56 g of calcium oxide.
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced.
...............................................................................................................
....................................... g
(1)
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(c)
The flow chart shows the stages in the limestone cycle.
Complete the names of the calcium compounds formed in the flow chart.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
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Q2.
Limestone contains calcium carbonate, CaCO3
(a)
The flow chart shows the stages in the limestone cycle.
Write the name of the correct calcium compound in each empty box to complete the flow
chart.
(3)
(b)
Limestone is heated with clay to make cement.
Cement is mixed with sand to make mortar.
A student investigated the strength of six mortar mixtures. Each mortar mixture contained
100cm3 cement but each contained a different volume of sand.
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To do the investigation the student:
•
added and stirred water into each mortar mixture
•
put each mixture into the same sized moulds
•
left each mixture to set hard
•
dropped a metal ball from increasing heights until the mortar cracked
•
recorded the results in a table.
Volume of sand in cm
(i)
3
Volume of cement in cm
3
Height the metal ball was
dropped from to crack the
mortar in cm
700
100
24
600
100
30
500
100
36
400
100
37
300
100
48
200
100
54
What happens to the strength of the mortar as the volume of sand increases?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
The student was worried about an anomalous result.
Which result was anomalous?
Volume of sand = ................. cm3
Explain why you have chosen this result.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
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(c)
The student repeated the investigation but used six concrete mixtures.
From the results the student concluded correctly that concrete was stronger than mortar.
Suggest one reason why concrete is stronger than mortar.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q3.
Portland cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin, a builder from Leeds. The flow diagram
shows how cement is made.
(a)
(i)
Name the raw material X used to make cement.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
In the kiln the raw materials are heated to about 1500°C.
The limestone (calcium carbonate) is broken down at this temperature.
Complete the word equation for this reaction.
calcium carbonate → ........................................ + carbon dioxide
(1)
(iii)
Suggest one major cost of this process other than the cost of the raw materials.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Cement can be used to make concrete.
Name two substances that must be mixed with cement to make concrete.
1 .....................................................................
2 .....................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
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Q4.
Limestone is an important raw material.
The diagram shows a lime kiln. The limestone is heated by the burning coal.
(i)
Suggest why hot air is blown into the lime kiln.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Give two reasons why carbon dioxide is produced in the lime kiln.
Reason 1 .....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Reason 2 .....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 3 marks)
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M1.
(a)
causes dust pollution
1
increases traffic
1
(b)
(i)
decomposition
1
(ii)
44(g)
1
(c)
(calcium) hydroxide
1
(calcium) carbonate
1
substances must be in the order shown
[6]
M2.
(a)
calcium oxide
1
calcium hydroxide
1
calcium carbonate
1
substances must be in the order shown
(b)
(i)
strength of mortar decreases (as volume of sand increases)
1
(ii)
400 (cm3)
1
because the height the metal ball dropped from should
be 42 cm and not 37 cm
accept because the other results show that the height the metal ball
dropped from should have an interval of 6cm
1
(c)
contains aggregate
allow bonding is stronger
1
[7]
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M3.
(a)
(i)
clay
for one mark
(ii)
calcium oxide / quicklime / CaO
for one mark
(iii)
sensible answers such as cost of fuel etc. / accept a wide range
of appropriate answers
for one mark
3
(b)
sand
gravel (owtte) e.g. crushed rock
water
any two for 1 mark each
2
[5]
M4.
(i)
(hot air) gives faster reaction makes coal burn faster
(provides air / oxygen to help to) allow the coal to burn / helps combustion
flushes out the waste / gases / carbon dioxide
any one for 1 mark
1
(ii)
decomposition of limestone yields carbon dioxide (owtte)
the combustion / burning of coal produces carbon dioxide (owtte)
each for 1 mark
2
[3]
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