Otophysi, Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae, minnows and carp
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2420 species, 220 genera
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All freshwater
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1-3 rows pharyngeal teeth, <10
teeth/row
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North America: 1-2 rows, <5 teeth/row
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Spinelike ray in dorsal fin
Otophysi, Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae, minnows and carp
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Otophysi, Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae, minnows and carp
Order Cypriniformes, Family Catastomidae, Suckers
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75 species, 13 genera
MS – 20 species, 6 genera
1 row of >16 pharyngeal teeth
2
Order Cypriniformes, Family Cobitade, loaches
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198 species in 32 genera
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3-6 pairs barbels, subterminal mouth
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Erectable spine
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Weather loaches
Order Cypriniformes, Family Balitoridae, river loaches
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251 species in 31 genera
At least 3 pairs of barbels
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Otophysi, Order Characiformes, characins
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18 families, 270 genera, 1674 species
freshwater
South & Central America, Mexico, Africa
Well developed jaw teeth
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Oviparous, no parental care
Omnivores, detritivores, some
carnivores
Otophysi, Order Characiformes, Family Prochilodontidae
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Mouth forms suckerlike disc
Important detritivore, tropical ecosystem engineer
4
Otophysi, Order Characiformes, Family Gasteropelecidae, freshwater
hatchetfish
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Compressed body
Superior mouth
Protruding breast
Surface feeders, superior mouth
Large pectoral fins
Otophysi, Order Characiformes, Family Characidae, characins
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Largest family of Characiformes, ~1000
species
One North American species
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Ecologically important
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Characidae – Mississippi Exotics
Piaractus brachypomus
Pirapitinga
Colossoma macropomum
Tambaqui
Otophysi, Order Siluriformes, catfishes
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>3400 species, >450 genera,
35 families
>1800 in N. & S. America
“any damned fool knows a
catfish” - A. Carr
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Lack scales
locking dorsal & pectoral spines
1-4 pairs of barbels
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Teeth on roof of mouth
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High trophic diversity
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Otophysi, Order Siluriformes, catfishes
• Heat map of global diversity (by genera):
Otophysi, Order Siluriformes, catfishes
• Catfish phylogeny (~50% of genera) with
colors representing body size.
• Large variation in body size with strong
phylogenetic signal (red=small,
blue=large).
Ariidae
Pimelodidae
Trichomycteridae
Loricaridae
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Otophysi, Order Siluriformes, Family Ictaluridae, North American catfish
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46 species, 7 genera
thick, scaless skin
4 pairs of barbels
adipose fin
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Four blind species (cave adaptations)
Mississippi Catfishes
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Ameiurus nebulosus
Ictalurus nebulosus
17 species, 4 genera
Most support commercial or
recreational fishery
Noturus - Largest genera
(number of species)
Noturus miurus
Noturus gyrinus
Noturus exilis
Noturus munitus
Pylodictus olivaris
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Otophysi, Order Siluriformes, Family Pimelotidae
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31 genera, ~85 species
3 pairs barbels,
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Well developed adipose fin
Otophysi, Order Siluriformes, Family Trichomycteridae
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Pencil or parasitic catfish
Loss of adipose fin
Other species are mucus or scale feeding specialists
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Otophysi, Order Siluriformes, Family Ariidae
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21 species
3 pairs barbels, may be nasal
Marine or brackish
Male mouthbrooders
Otophysi, Order Siluriformes – other catfish adaptations
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Air breathing, terrestrial locomotion
Claridae
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Suckermouth
Loricaridae
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Cutaneous brooders and jet propulsion
Aspredinidae
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Climbing ability (climbing catfish)
Astroblepidae
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Angler catfish
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Otophysi, Order Siluriformes – other catfish adaptations
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Electric field generation and detection
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Upside down orientation
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Mouthbrooders
Otophysi, Order Gynotiformes, American Knifefishes
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134 species, 34 genera, 5 families
No pelvic fins or girdle
Anal fin > 100 rays
South America
Electric organs (neurogenic or
myogenic)
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Small gills
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Oral respiratory organ in some
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