U.S. History
Lesson 5
Allies Stem the Japanese Tide
A. Japanese Advances
1. JAP was capturing large areas of land in the Pacific
2. 12/1941 Æ Gen Douglas MacArthur – forced from Philippines
- “I Shall Return”
B. Doolittle’s
li l Raid
id
1. 4/18/42 – Lt. Col. James Doolittle bombed Tokyo
2. Raised Am. spirits – showed JAP they were vulnerable
C B
C.
Battle
l off the
h Coral
C l Sea
S
1. Allies stopped JAP advances toward Australia
a) 5 day air battle
b) 1st time JAP had been stopped
D. Battle of Midway
1. Island between HI & JAP
a)) U.S.
U S kknew JAP was hheaded
d d th
there
b) Adm. Chester Nimitz found the JAP fleet – 6/3/42
1) attacked while JAP planes were on carriers
2) ddestroyed
t
d 4 JAP carriers
i
2. Turning Point in Pacific
a) began island hopping toward JAP
Allies Go on the Offensive
A. Japanese Defense
1. kamikaze – suicide plane attack!
a) crash into ships, planes, buildings, etc.
y Gulf
2. Battle of Leyte
a) JAP lost 3 battleships, 4 carriers, 13 cruisers, 500 planes
b) devastated the JAP navy
B. Iwo Jima
1. U.S. wanted a base to launch bombers to Tokyo
a) it was the most heavily defended spot on earth
b) killed 20
20,000
000 JAP – only 200 survived
c) many allied casualties
C. Okinawa
1. Invaded in April
p 1945
a) many kamikaze attacks
b) U.S. lost 7600 Æ JAP lost 110,000
2. A U.S. invasion of JAP could cost 1 million allied lives
Atomic Bomb Ends the War
A. Manhattan Project
1. J. Robert Oppenheimer was in charge of secret project
a) 600,000 worked on it – didn’t know what it was.
b) T
Truman didn’t
did ’ know
k
until
il he
h was Pres.
P
2. Tested in NM on 7/16/45 Æ it worked!
3. Told JAP to “Surrender, or face prompt & utter destruction.”
a) JAP refused
B. Hiroshima & Nagasaki
1. Aug . 6, 1945 – B-29 called Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy”
on Hiroshima.
a) every building in the city collapsed.
b) still no surrender
2. Aug. 9, 1945 - “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki
a) 200,000 died from blasts, radiation, etc.
3. Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan surrendered on USS Missouri – VJ Day
Rebuilding Begins
A. Yalta Conference
1. Feb. 1945 – FDR, Churchill, & Stalin met @ Yalta, USSR
a)) discussed
di
d conditions
diti
off GER iinevitable
it bl surrender
d
1) divided GER into 4 zones – USSR, FR, BR, US
2) USSR would allow elections in POL
3) start the United Nations
B. Nuremburg War Trials
1. 24 Nazi leaders were on trial for death camps
a) held in Nuremburg, GER
b) 12 were sentenced to death
2. Even in war, people are responsible for their actions
a) no more “just
just following orders
orders.”
C. Occupation of Japan
1. MacArthur occupied JAP and held trials
2 Set up a democratic const.
2.
const – still in place
a) known as “MacArthur Constitution”