Chapter 5 Outline
Standards Addressed
Ohio’s Learning Standards for Social Studies Grade 4
1. The order of significant events in Ohio and the United States can be shown on a
timeline.
2. Primary and secondary sources can be used to create historical narratives.
3. Various groups of people have lived in Ohio over time including prehistoric and historic
American Indians, migrating settlers and immigrants. Interactions among these groups
have resulted in both cooperation and conflict.
Ohio’s Learning Standards for English Language Arts Grade 4
 RL 4.1 Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says
explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
 RI 4.3 Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or
technical text, including what happened and why based on scientific inquiry.
 RI 4.4 Determine the meaning of general academic and domain-specific words or
phrases in a text relevant to a grade 4 topic or subject area.
 RI 4.5 Describe the overall structure (e.g., chronology, comparison, cause/effect,
problem/solution) or events, ideas, concepts, or information in a text or part of a text.
 RI 4.9 Integrate information from two texts on the same topic in order to write or speak
about the subject knowledgeably.
 RI 4.10 By the end of the year, read and comprehend informational texts, including
history/social studies, science, and technical texts, in grades 4-5 text complexity band
proficiency, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
 W 4.9 Draw evidence from literacy or informational texts to support analysis, reflection,
and research.
Essential Question
 Who lived in Ohio during the Prehistoric time period?
 Where did the ancient peoples live in Ohio?
 What do we know about the lifeways of Ohio’s ancient cultures?
Learning Statements
 I can identify the prehistoric cultures of Ohio.
 I can describe the cultural characteristics of the ancient people who lived in Ohio during
the prehistoric time period.
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Chapter 5 Outline
Activities
Activity 5.1: Mock Archaeology Dig
 Students will understand various concepts used in archaeology and experience what an
archaeologist does at a dig site by completing a mock archaeology dig.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 3
o ELA: RL 4.1 and RI 4.3
 Attachments
o SR 5.1: Behind the Scenes: Archaeologist Edition
o SR 5.1: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Introduction to Archaeology PowerPoint
o What is it? Worksheet
o What is it? Worksheet: Answer Key
o Mock Archaeology Dig: Teacher Instructions
o Artifact Chart Worksheet
o Artifact Chart Worksheet: Answer Key
 Video
o Why is archaeology important?
Activity 5.2: Discovering Ancient Culture Groups
 Students will learn about the Paleoindian and Archaic culture groups by charting their
cultural similarities and differences.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 3
o ELA: RI 4.3 and RL 4.1
 Attachments
o SR 5.2: Defining Ohio’s Ancient People: Paleoindian & Archaic
o SR 5.2: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o How Do They Live Worksheet?
o How Do They Live Worksheet?: Answer Key
o My Creation: Paleoindian Worksheet
o My Creation: Archaic Worksheet
 Primary Sources
o American Indian Life in the Archaic Period
o American Indian Life in the Paleoindian Period
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Chapter 5 Outline


Video
o Prehistoric American Indian Cultures
Interactive Map Layer
o Counties and County Names
Activity 5.3: Discovering Ohio’s Ancient People
 Students will learn the defining characteristics of Ohio’s Ancient people by completing a
writing activity.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 3
o ELA: RI 4.3 and RL 4.1
 Attachments
o SR 5.3: Defining Ohio’s Ancient People: Woodland & Late Prehistoric
o SR 5.3: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o How Did They Live? Worksheet
o How Did They Live? Worksheet: Answer Key
o Earthworks PowerPoint
o Mound Builders Worksheet
 Primary Sources
o American Indian Life in the Early Woodland Period
o American Indian Life in the Middle Woodland Period
o American Indian Life in the Late Woodland Period
o American Indian Life in the Late Prehistoric Period
 Video
o Newark Earthworks
Activity 5.4: Mound Building Cultures
 Students will learn about mound building by examining primary source images and
creating a timeline of the Adena, Hopewell, and Fort Ancient cultures.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 1 and 3
o ELA: RL 4.1 and RI 4.5
 Attachments
o SR 5.4: Mounding Building
o SR 5.4: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
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Chapter 5 Outline
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

Maps
o Prehistoric Map of Ohio
Primary Sources
o Mound Sites in Scioto Valley
o Miamisburg Mound
Interactive Map Layer
o Mound Sites
Activity 5.5: Trade Among Ohio’s Prehistoric American Indians
 Students will learn about trade among Ohio’s Prehistoric American Indians. Students will
think critically about how trade may have impacted cooperation and conflict among the
various Prehistoric American Indian groups.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 2 and 3
o ELA: RI 4.3, RI 4.10 and W 4.9
 Attachments
o SR 5.5: Trade Among Ohio’s Prehistoric American Indians
o SR 5.5: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Trade Off Cards: Pictures
o Trade Off Cards: Wording
o Trade Off Worksheet
 Video
o Interactions Between Prehistoric American Indians
 Primary Sources
o Hopewell Interaction Sphere
Activity 5.6: Conflict between Prehistoric American Indian Groups
 Students will learn about the cause of conflict between prehistoric American Indian
groups. They will use what they have learned about prehistoric American Indian groups
to create an infographic about one of the groups.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 3
o ELA: RI 4.3, RI 4.4 and RI 4.9
 Attachments
o SR 5.6: Conflict between Prehistoric American Indian Groups
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Chapter 5 Outline
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o
o
Maps
o
Video
o
SR 5.6: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
Prehistoric American Indian Infographic Note Sheet
Prehistoric Map of Ohio
Interactions between Prehistoric American Indian Groups
Videos
Why is Archaeology Important? (2.07)
o Dr. Linda Pansing, archaeology curator at the Ohio History connection discusses why
archaeology is important and how it can help us to understanding our past.

How Prehistoric Cultures Changed the Land (0.55)
o Dr. Brad Lepper discusses how the ancient peoples of Ohio changed the landscape as
a result of their cultural practices.

Interactions between Prehistoric American Indian Groups (3.31)
o Dr. Brad Lepper, archaeology curator at the Ohio History Connection discusses the
interactions that occurred between the Prehistoric American Indian groups.

Prehistoric American Indian Groups (2.40)
o Dr. Brad Lepper, archaeology curator at the Ohio History Connection discusses the
Prehistoric American Indian groups.

Newark Earthworks (2.20)
o Dr. Brad Lepper, archaeology curator at the Ohio History Connection discusses the
Hopewell Culture and Newark Earthworks.
Primary Sources and Maps

Adena Man Effigy Pipe
o A human effigy pipe created by the prehistoric Adena culture, which lived in the
Ohio Valley between 800 B.C.E. and 100 C.E.

Aerial Views of Newark Earthworks (3 images)
o Images of the Newark Earthworks. The Newark Earthworks were the largest set of
geometric earthworks ever built in Ohio. They were constructed by the Hopewell
culture (100 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.) of prehistoric American Indian people.

American Indian Life in the Archaic Period
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Chapter 5 Outline
o The people of the Archaic period (8000 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) took particular
advantage of the wide range of resources (food and raw materials) available in
different seasons within their territories.

American Indian Life in the Early Woodland Period
o American Indian life in the Early Woodland period. It is characterized by the
appearance of more settled village life, cultivated plants, the use of pottery vessels,
the increasing use of exotic raw materials such as copper in the creation of
ornaments, and the building of conical burial mounds.

American Indian Life in the Middle Woodland Period
o American Indian life in the Middle Woodland Period. The Middle Woodland
Hopewell Culture built gigantic earthworks that may have drawn visiting pilgrims
from hundreds of miles away.

American Indian Life in the Late Prehistoric Period
o American Indian life in the Late Prehistoric Period. Late Prehistoric people grew
maize (or corn), beans, and squash in their fields.

American Indian Life in the Late Woodland Period
o American Indian life in the Late Woodland Period. The lives of the Late Woodland
people revolved around their villages. These people raised crops such as squash,
sunflowers and other seed bearing plants.

American Indian Life in the Prehistoric Period
o American Indian life in the Prehistoric Period. Early Paleoindians hunted now extinct
species of big game animals such as mammoth and mastodon.

Amphibian Effigy
o Amphibian Effigy made of copper. It was found in Licking County in the 1930s.

Copper Earspools
o Copper Earspools

Excavation of Adena Man Effigy Pipe
o Excavation of the Adena Man Effigy Pipe

Flint Ridge Projectile Point
o Flint Ridge Projectile Point
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Chapter 5 Outline

Hopewell Interaction Sphere
o This map shows the interaction between the Hopewell and other cultures.

Human Profile Effigy
o Profile of human head with attached feather was cut from a flat sheet of copper and
embossed in a repousse-like fashion. Item was excavated from Spiro Mound in Le
Flore County, Oklahoma.

Miamisburg Mound
o Miamisburg Mound is a burial mound built by the Adena culture (800 B.C.E. to 100
C.E.)

Mound Sites in Scioto Valley
o The Mound Sites in the Scioto Valley near present-day Chillicothe in Ross County,
Ohio.

Newark Earthworks
o The Newark Earthworks were the largest set of geometric earthworks ever built in
Ohio. They were constructed by the Hopewell culture (100 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.)

Prehistoric Map of Ohio
o This map shows the landmarks of the indigenous American Indian cultures in Ohio.

Serpent Mound
o The Serpent Mound was built by the Fort Ancient culture between 1025 C.E. and
1215 C.E.
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Chapter 5 Outline