I B.Tech STUDENT HAND BOOK
13. ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
13.1. JNTU SYLLABUS
UNIT I: Electrochemistry & Corrosion:
Electro Chemistry –Conductance Specific, Equivalent and Molar conductance and their Units;Applications of
Conductance( Conductometric titrations). EMF:Galvanic Cells, types of Electrodes –( Calomel, Quinhydrone and
glass electrodes); Nernst equation and its applications ; concept of concentration cells, electro chemical series,
Potentiometric titrations, determination of PHusing glass electrode-Numerical problems. Batteries: Primary cells (
dry cells) and secondary cells (lead-Acid cell, Ni-Cd cell, Lithium cells). Applications of batteries.Fuel cells–
Hydrogen –Oxygen fuel cell; methanol –oxygen fuel cell ; Advantages and Applications.Corrosion and its control:
Causes and effects of corrosion; Theories of corrosion Chemical & Electrochemical corrosion; Types of corrosion (
Galvanic, Water line, Pitting and Intergranular); Factors affectingrate of corrosion –Nature of metal and Nature of
Enviornent –Corrosion control methods –Cathodic protection (sacrificial anodic and impressed current). Surface
coatings: Metallic coatings & methods of application of metallic coatings -hot dipping (galvanization & tinning),
Cementation, cladding, electroplating ( copper plating ) Electroless plating ( Ni plating) Organic coatings Paints
constituents and their functions.
UNIT II: Engineering Materials:
Polymers:Types of Polymerization (Chain & Step growth).Plastics: Thermoplastic & Thermo setting resins;
Compounding & fabrication of plastics (Compression and injection moulding ).Preparation, properties,engineering
applications of PVC, Teflon and Bakelite. FibersCharcterstics of fibers–preparation, properties and uses of Nylon –
6,6 and Dacron –Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) –applications. Rubbers–Natural rubber and its vulcanization.
Elastomers –Buna-s, Butyl rubber andThiokol rubber.Conducting polymers: Polyacetylene, Polyaniline, Mechanism
of Conduction, doping; applications of Conducting polymers. Bio-degradable Polymers-preparation and
Applications of Poly vinyl acetate and Poly lactic acid -Cement:composition of Portland cement, setting &
hardening of cement (reactions), Lubricants: Classification with examples-Characterstics of a good lubricant &
mechanism of lubrication (thick film , thin film and extreme pressure) –properties of lubricants: viscosity , Cloud
point, flash and fire points. Refractories: Classification, charactersitcs of a good refractory and
applications.Nanomaterials: Introduction, preparation by sol-gel & chemical vapour deposition methods.
Applications of nanomaterials
UNIT III: Water and its Treatment:
Hardness of Water: Causes of hardness, expression of hardness –units –types of hardness, estimation of temporary
& permanent hardness of water by EDTA method -numerical problems. Boiler troubles –Scale & sludges, Priming
and foaming, caustic enbrittlement and boiler corrosion; Treatment of boiler feed water –Internal treatment (
Phosphate, Colloidal and calgon conditioning) External treatment –Lime Soda process, Zeolite process and ion
exchange process. Numerical Problems. Potable Water-Its Specifications –Steps involved in trtament of potable
water–Disinfection of water by chlorination and ozonisation. Reverse osmosis & its significance.
Unit IV : Fuels & Combustion
Fuels–Classification –soild fuels : coal –analysis of coal -proximate and ultimate analysis and their significance.
Liquid fuels –petroleum and its refining –cracking types fixed bed catalytic cracking. Knocking –octane and cetane
rating, synthetic petrol, Bergius and Fischer-Tropsch’s process: Gaseous fuels -constituents, characterstics and
applications of natural gas, LPG and CNG. Analysis of flue gas by Orsat’s apparatus –Numerical Problems.
Combustion–Definition, Calorific value of fuel–HCV , LCV; Determination of calorific value by Junker’s gas
calorimeter –theoretical calculation of Calorific value by Dulong’sformula–Numerical problems on combustion.
UNIT V: Phase Rule & Surface Chemistry
Phase Rule: Definition of terms : Phase, component, degree of freedom, phase rule equation. Phase diagrams –one
component system-water system. Two component system Lead-Silver, cooling curves, heat treatment based on ironcarbon phase diagram -hardening, annealing and normalization. Surface Chemistry: Adsorption –Types of
Adsorption, Isotherms –Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm applications of adsorption; Colloids:
classification of Colloids; Electrical & optical properties, micelles, applications of colloids in industry.
MARRI LAXMAN REDDY GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
Page 2.5.1
I B.Tech STUDENT HAND BOOK
TEXT BOOKS:
1.Engineering Chemistry by R.P. Mani,K.N. Mishra, B. Rama Devi /CENGAGE learning.2.Engineering Chemistry
by P.C Jain & Monica Jain, Dhanpatrai Publishing Company (2008).R13 B.Tech I year syllabus 10
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Engineering Chemistry by B. Siva Shankar Mc.Graw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi(2006)
2. Engineering Chemistry J.C. Kuriacase & J. Rajaram, Tata McGraw Hills Publishing Company Limited, New
Delhi (2004).
3.Text Book of Engineering Chemistry by S.S. Dara & Mukkati S. Chand & Co Publishers,New Delhi(2006)
4.Chemistry of Engineering Materials by CV Agarwal,C.P Murthy, A.Naidu, BS Publications
13.2 Unit wise Planner for Academic Year 2014 - 2015
Unit No.
Date Planned to complete
Date Conducted
Remarks
I
II
III
IV
V
13.3 SESSION PLANNER
Sno
Unit
Class
1
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Topic
Text /
Reference
book
Chapter
No
Date conducted
ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CORROSION
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Introduction
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Types of Conductance
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4
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6
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7
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Problems on cell constant &conductance
EMF ,Galvanic cells (, Elecrto chemical
series)
Nernest equation, Types of electrodes
Ion selective electrode (Reference
electrodes), Determination of PH using
glass electrode
Concentration cell
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Conductometric titrations, Potentiometric
titrations
Batteries:Primary batteries (dry cells)
secondary cells
Lead-Acid cell, Ni-Cd cell, Lithium cells
Applications of batteries
Fuel Cells Hydrogen –Oxygen fuel cell;
methanol –oxygen fuel cell ; Advantages
and Application
Numerical Problems
Introduction, Causes and effects of
corrosion
Theories of corrosion (Chemical corrosion)
Theories of corrosion (Electrochemical
corrosion)
corrosion; Types of corrosion ( Galvanic,
Water line, Pitting and Intergranular
Factors affecting rate of corrosion Nature
of metal and Nature of Environment
–Corrosion control methods – Cathodic
protection (sacrificial anodic and impressed
current)
Surface coatings: Metallic coatings &
methods of application of metallic coatings
-hot dipping (galvanization & tinning).
Cementation, cladding, electroplating (
copper plating ) Electroless plating ( Ni
plating)
Organic coatings Paints constituents and
their functions.
T2,T1,R2
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T1,R1
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T1,R1
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T1,R2
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T2,R1
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T2,R2,R1
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T1,R1,T2
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T1,R1
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Overall review
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Class test
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
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L26
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POLYMERS: Introduction
Types of polymerization(Mechanism of
chain polymerization) -1
Mechanism of chain polymerization) -2
27
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28
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29
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Mechanism of step polymerization)
Plastics introduction(thermo plastics ,
thermo settings)
Compounding and fabrication of
plastics(compression & injection moulding)
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Preparation ,properties &applications of
PVC,TEFLON &BAKELITE
Fibers :Preparation ,properties
&applications of Nylon-6,6,Dacron
T2,T1,R1
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T1,R1
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T1,R1
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T1,R1
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T1,R2
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T1,R1
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T2,T1,R2
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T1,R1
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T2,T1,R1
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FRP
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RUBBERS :Natural rubber & its vulcanization
Elastomers: Preparation ,properties
&applications of BUNA-S ,BUTYL
RUBBER,THIOKOL RUBBER
Conducting polymers and its applications :
POLY ACETYLENE,POLY ANILINE
Mechanism of conduction Doping
Bio-degradable polymers: Preparation
&applications of poly vinyl acetate & poly
lactic acid.
Composition & manufacture of Portland
cement
Setting & hardening of cement with
chemical reactions
Lubricants: classification & characteristics
of good Lubricants
Mechanism of lubrications(Thick, Thin film
&Extreme pressure )
properties of lubricants (viscosity, cloud
,flash &fire points)
Refractories:( classification & characteristics
of good Refractory & applications)
Nano materials introduction
Preparation by SOL-GEL &Chemical vapour
deposition method &application of nano
materials
OVER ALL REVIEW
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CLASS TEST
III
WATER AND ITS TREATMENT
48
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49
III
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50
III
L50
51
III
L51
52
III
L52
Hardness of water ,causes
Expression of Hardness—units—types of
hardness.
Estimation of hardness of water by EDTA
method.
Numerical problems
Boiler troubles, Scale &sludge formation,
priming and foaming and caustic
embrittlement.
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Boiler corrosion, treatment of boiler feed
water
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T1,R1
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T2,T1,R1
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External treatments(Lime-Soda)
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Zeolite process
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Ione exchange process
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Numerical problems
Potable Water-Its Specifications –Steps
involved in treatment of potable
water–Disinfection of water by chlorination
and ionization. .
Reverse osmosis & its significance.
61
III
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OVER ALL REVIEW
62
III
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CLASS TEST
IV
FUELS AND COMBUSTION
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IV
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71
IV
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73
IV
L73
Fuels --classification--- Solid fuels
coal --- analysis of coal -- Proximate
analysis and ultimate analysis and their
significance.
Liquid fuels--- Refining of Petroleum
Cracking –types—fixed bed catalytic
cracking.
Knocking , octane and cetane rating
Synthetic petrol –Bergius and Fischer
process
Gasses fuels –constituents, characteristics
and applications of natural gas, LPG & CNG
Analysis of flue gas by orsats apparatus.
Combustion—definition, calorific value of
fuels—HCV, LCV.
Determination of calorific value by Junkers
gas calorimeter---Dulongs formula.
Numerical problems on combustion
74
IV
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Overall review
75
IV
L75
Class test
V
T1,R1
PHASE RULE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY
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L83
Phase rule—Definition of terms, phase,
component and degree of freedom.
Phase rule equation, Phase diagram-- One
component system ,water system.
Two component system , Ag-Pb system
Heat treatment based on Fe-C phase
diagram
Annealing & hardening and normalization.
Surface chemistry; adsorption—types of
adsorption.
Isotherms—freundlich and Langmuir
adsorption Isotherms.
T1,R1
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T1,R1,T2
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Applications of adsorption
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Colloids: classification of colloids
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L86
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L87
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Electrical and optical properties
Micelles and applications of colloids in
industry
Overall review
L88
V
L88
Class test
13. 4. QUESTION BANK
UNIT-I ELECTRO CHEMISTRY & CORROSION
13.4.1.1 DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What are batteries? How are they classified?
2. Explain the following?
a) Ni-cd cell
b) Li cell
c) Pb acid cell
3. What are fuel cells? Explain hydrogen oxygen fuel cell and its advantages?
4. Describe the following metallic coatings
a) Tinning
b) Hot dipping
c) Paints
5. (a) Explain the process of differential aeration corrosion
(b) What is sacrificial anode and how does it work
(c) What is electro chemical corrosion?
13.4.1.2 SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is specific conductance and write its units?
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I B.Tech STUDENT HAND BOOK
2. What is cell constant giving its units?
3. What is electrode potential?
4. What is electrochemical corrosion?
5. What is Pilling Bed worth rule?
6. What is galvanic series?
7. What are batteries, give examples of secondary batteries?
8. What Is the effect of dilution on conductance?
13.4.1.3 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. The electrolytic conductance is a direct measure of
a)Concentration
b) potential
c) dissociation
d)Resistance
2. The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to
a) Current passed
b) Area of crass section of conductor
c) Length of the conductor
d) Equivalent conductance
3. Pure water does not conduct electricity because,it is
a) acidic
b)Low boiling
c)all most not ionize
c)Decomposed easily
4. If”l” is the distance between electrodes of cross sectional area “a”then cell constant is given by the ratio
a) l/a
b)a/l
c)a*l
d)a-l
5. Equivalent conductivity of an electrolytic solution
a) Increase with dilution
b) decrease with dilution
c) Independent of dilution
d) none of the above
6. Corrosion is example of
a)Oxydation
b)reduction
c)Errosion
c)Electrolysis
7. During electro chemical corrosion in acidic environment
a)02Evolution occurs
b) 02absorption occurs c)H2 Evolution occurs
d) H2 absorption occurs
8. The principle in electro platting is
a)electrolysis
b)Oxidation
c)reduction
d)Anodization
9. The metal which is protected by a layer of its own of
a)Cu
b)Fe
c) Au
D) Al
10. The following metal is used for the cladding of Al
a)99.5% of pure Al
b)100% pure Al c) 98.5% of pure Al
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d)99% pure Al
Page 2.5.7
I B.Tech STUDENT HAND BOOK
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Specific conductivity of an electrolyte is calculated by the _________________ formula
2. A substance which allows the electric current to pass through it is called _______________
3. Specific conductance = Cell constant *_____________
4. _______________ is the cells which do not store energy
0
5. Standard electrode potential of saturated calomel electrode at 25 c is__________
6. The degree of dissociation =_____________
7. The corrosion that results in the formation of pin holes, pits, cavities in the metal is_____________
8. Formation of _______________________ type of metal oxide film causes rapid and continuous corrosion
9 .Presence of CO2 in air ____________________ the rate of corrosion
10. Coating of Sn over Fe is example for ________________ coating
UNIT-II: ENGINEERING MATERIALS
13.4.2.1 DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Explain the differences between addition polymerization and condensation polymerization?
2. Distinguish thermo set and thermo plastic polymers?
3. What are lubricants and what are their important properties?
4. How is Portland cement manufactured by wet and dry process?
5. Write about the preparation of Nano material by sol-gel method?
13.4.2.2 SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is a polymer, and define a monomer?
2. What is a thermo setting resin?
3. What are the chief characteristics required for a good lubricant?
4. Define refractory’s?
5. What is Portland cement?
6. Write chemical composition of cement?
7. What is Bakelite and write its structure?
8. What is Thiokol rubber?
MARRI LAXMAN REDDY GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
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I B.Tech STUDENT HAND BOOK
13.4.2.3 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. A good example of co polymer is
a) Buna-S rubber
b) PVC c) Polythene
d) Poly styrene
2. Which one of the following is not a macro molecule
a) Cellulose
b) Rubber
c) Wood
d)Protene
3. The following polymer has ester links in its structure
a)nylon
b)Beaclite
c)PVC
d)Terylene
4. Cellulose acetate is a
a) Thermo plastic
b) thermo setting plastic
c) both
d) none
5. A molecule is eliminated in
a) Addition polymerization
c) Free radical polymerization
b) condensation polymerization
d) ionic polymerization
6) The formula of plaster of Paris is
a) CaSO4
b) CaSO4 ½ H2O
c) CaSO4 . H2O
d) CaSO4 .2 H2O
7) The cement containing the following compound is resistant to water
a) High Ca
b) low Ca c) high Al
d) low Al
8) Sewage (drainage) pipes are made of
a) Earthen ware
b) stone warec) white ware
d) GI pipes
9) Dolomite is an example of _____ refractory
a) Acidic
b) basic c) neutral
d)amphoteric
10) Graphite bricks are widely used as material for construction Of
a) Atomic reactors
b) open hearth furnace c)coke oven
d)blast furnaces
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Silicon rubber are vulcanized by __________________
2.__________________is an example of fiber reinforced plastic
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I B.Tech STUDENT HAND BOOK
3. The plastic used for making optical lenses is ____________________
4. Thiokol rubber is made by reaction between ______________and___________
5. Vulcanization of rubber improves _________________________
6. Nylon -6 is used for making ____________________
7. Phenol and formaldehyde reacts in presence of acidic catalyst and forms_____________
UNIT-III: WATER AND ITS TREATMENT
13.4.3.1 DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What are the differences between sludge and scale?
2. What is reverse osmosis?
3. Explain boiler troubles?
13.4.3.2 SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is caustic embrittlement?
2. What is calgon?
3. Define priming?
4. What is break point of chlorination?
5. Write short note on phosphate conditioning?
6. What are scales and sludge’s?
7. What is potable water and brackish water?
13.4.3.3 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Calgon is a trade name given to
a) Sodium silicate
c) Sodium Meta phospate
b) sodium hexa meta phospate
d) calcium phospate
2. Temporary hardness in water is removed by
a) filtration
b)sedimentation
c)boiling
d)coagulation
3. The formula of chloramines is
a)ClNH2
b)NHCl2
c)NCl3
d)NH2Cl2
4. The composition of alum is
a)K2SO4.Al2 (SO4)3.24 H2O
b) K2(SO4.).Al2 .(SO4)3.24 H2O
c) K2SO4.Al2 (SO4)3.20 H2O
d) K2SO4.Al2 SO.24 H2O
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FILL IN THE BLANKS
5. NaCl causes_________________ hardness
6. CaCo3 forms __________________ (Scale/sludge)
7. ___________________ forms hardest scale
8. EDTA is ____________ acetic acid
9. Phosphate conditioning of water is done by using ___________ salt
10. Removal of microorganisms in water is called as ____________
11. Hardness of water is measured in __________________
UNIT-IV: FUELS & COMBUSTION
13.4.4.1 DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by calorific value of a fuel? Explain HCL and LCV?
2. Why are gaseous fuels more advantageous than solid fuels?
13.4.4.2 SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What are fuels?
2. What is calorific value of a fuel?
3. Define knocking and octane number?
4. What is flue gas?
5. What is LPG and CNG?
6. Differentiate between proximate and ultimate analysis?
7. What are the characteristic properties of a good fuel?
13.4.4.3 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is not an advantage of gaseous fuels over solid and liquid fuels?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Their combustion can readily be controlled
They cannot be preheated by the heat of hot waste gases
They can be lighted at moment’s notice
They can be easily conveyed through pipe lines
2. The calorific value of a coal sample is higher if its
a)
c)
Moisture content is high
Fixed carbon content is high
b) volatile matter is high
d) ash content is high
3. Ultimate analysis of a fuel is determination of percentage of
a)
c)
C,H,N,S,H2O
Fixed carbon content is high
b) C,H2O,ash, and volatile matter
d) ash content is high
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4. The process of splitting higher hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbon molecules is called
a) Pyrolysis
b) decomposition
b ) cracking
d ) combustion
5. Bergius process of synthetic petrol involves mainly
a) Catalytic hydrogenation of coal
b) cracking of heavy oil
c) Heating coal alone under pressure d) passing water gas over powdered coal under pressure
6. For improving anti-knock property of petrol, it is mixed with
a) Lead bromide
b ) allyl bromide
c) tetraethyl lead
d ) tetraethyl lead and ethyl bromide
7. Calorific value of a fuel is expressed as
a ) k.cal / cm
b ) k.cal / cm3
c ) k.cal / m3
d ) cal / m3
8. The calorific value of fuel depends upon the percentage of
a) volatile matter
b ) ash
c ) fixed carbon
d ) moisture
FILL IN THE BLANKS
9. The compound with octane number 100 is______________________
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A good fuel should possess __________________ ignition temperature.
________________ is the only primary liquid fuel in nature.
A good fuel should possess _________________ moisture content.
Higher the % of sulphur ________________ the quality of coal.
Oxygen content ___________________the calorific value.
Catalytic cracking is advantageous over ______________________
UNIT –V: PHASE RULE & SURFACE CHEMISTRY
13.4.5.1 DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. State and Explain the BET equation? Explain how the surface area of an adsorbent is determined with the help
of this equation?
2. What are the different types of adsorption?
3. State the phase rule and explain the terms involved with suitable examples?
4. Discuss the application of phase rule to Ag-Pb system?
13.4.5.2 SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is adsorption?
2. What are colloids?
3. What is Tyndall effect?
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4. Differentiate between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids?
5. Define phase?
6. Define triple and eutectic point?
7. What is normalizing?
13.4.5.3 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. The charge on colloidal particles can be distributed by
a)Tyndall
b)Brownian movement
c)Osmosis
d)Cataphoresis
2. The precipitation of colloidal solution is difficult in the presence of
a) Nacl
b) AlPO4
c) Aerosol
d) Gelatin
3. Fog is a colloidal solution of
a) Liquid dispersed in gas
b) Gas dispersed in liquid
c) Solid dispersed in liquid
d) Liquid dispersed in liquid
4. Gold number is minimum in case of
a) NaCl
b) Silica gel
c) starch
d) Gelatin
5. Cheese is an example of
a) Gel
b) Emulsion
c) Aerosol
d) Hydrophil
6. The number of phases present in powdered tin and lead is
a) 1
b) 4
c)3
d)2
7. Water system is non variant at
a) Melting point
b) boiling point c ) triple point
d)critical point
8. Mathematical statement of reduced phase rule is
a) F =C-P+2
b) F=C-P+1 c) F =C-P+3
d) F =C-P
9. Maximum degrees of freedom for one component system are
a) 1
b) 3
c)2
d) 4
10. Number of components in the system of Ag and Pb at eutectic temperature is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Soap is an example of ______________
2. The adsorption of H2 or O2 on charcoal is _____________
3. Fog is an example of ______________ dispersed in _________________ colloidal system.
4. Alums purify turbid water by ______________
5. At low pressure the amount of gas adsorbed is ________________proportional to pressure
6. All gas masks contain _____________ as adsorbent
MARRI LAXMAN REDDY GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
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