Problem Set 1
Chapters 1-2
BILD10 / Winter 2014
Traver
1) Which statement below is based on empirical information?
A) Knocking on wood ensures a good outcome.
B) Since most elementary school teachers are female, females make better school teachers than males.
C) We had a really cool spring this year, therefore climate change (global warming) must not be happening.
D) Chicken is a healthier source of protein because it contains less saturated fat than beef.
2) Which answer puts the steps of the scientific method in the correct order to solve the problem?
A) If the problem was the yeast, then the bread should rise when I use the new yeast.
B) Maybe the yeast that I used had gone bad.
C) I will remake the bread using a new jar of yeast.
D) The bread did not rise.
E) On my second attempt, the bread did rise so it is likely that the old yeast was bad.
1)
2)
3)
4)
DàAàCàBàE
Dà Bà Aà Cà E
DàAàBàCàE
DàBàCàAàE
3) Which answer below is a hypothesis for the validity of Echinacea?
A) Does Echinacea reduce the duration and symptoms of the common cold?
B) Echinacea reduces the duration and severity of the common cold.
C) If Echinacea acts as above, then patients treated with Echinacea at the first sign of cold symptoms should
recover faster than untreated patients.
D) None of the above.
4) Which statement below restates our hypothesis about Echinacea as a null hypothesis?
A) Echinacea reduces the duration and symptoms of the common cold.
B) Echinacea lengthens the duration and symptoms of the common cold.
C) Echinacea has no effect on the duration and symptoms of the common cold.
D) Echinacea must be taken with vitamin C in order to be effective against the cold virus.
5) Which statement below is a prediction based on the following hypothesis?
Echinacea reduces the duration and severity of the symptoms of the common cold.
A) If Echinacea works, then individuals taking Echinacea should get sick less frequently than those who
are not taking it, and when they do get sick, their illness should not last as long.
B) If Echinacea works, then individuals taking Echinacea will have a similar rate of infection and be sick for
a similar duration when compared to people who are not taking it.
C) If Echinacea works, then individuals taking it will not contract the flu or not have the flu as long as those
not taking it.
D) If Echinacea works, then if patients take twice the dosage it will be twice as effective when compared to
those who are not taking it.
6) If you wanted to test if antibacterial soap worked better than regular soap, which answer has the strongest
experimental design?
A) Have people in the experiment wash with antibacterial soap first and later with regular soap and compare.
B) Have two groups of people wash with either antibacterial soap or regular soap and compare.
C) Have two groups of people wash with either antibacterial or regular soap, without knowing which type of
soap is being used, and compare.
D) Have two groups of people wash with either antibacterial or regular soap, with neither the
researchers nor the groups knowing which type of soap is being used, and compare.
Problem Set 1
Chapters 1-2
BILD10 / Winter 2014
Traver
7) Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium
8) What do these four elements above have in common?
A) They all have the same number of valence electrons.
B) Each element exists in only one isotopic form.
C) They are equal in electronegativity.
D) They are elements produced only by living cells.
E) They all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells.
9) The mass number of an element is the sum of the number of _________ in an atom of that element.
A) protons and neutrons
B) energy levels
C) protons and electrons
D) neutrons and electrons
E) isotopes
10) The atomic number of neon is 10. Therefore, an atom of neon
A) has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell.
B) is inert.
C) has an atomic mass of 10 daltons.
D) only A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
Questions 11-13 Refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1
11) Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of an atom of neon (
20
Ne) ?
10
E
12) Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of oxygen (
16
8
O) ?
C
13) Which drawing depicts an atom with a valence of 3?
B
14) The reactive properties or chemical behavior of an atom depend on the number of
A) valence shells in the atom.
B) orbitals found in the atom.
C) electrons in each orbital of the atom.
D) electrons in the outer valence shell in the atom.
E) hybridized orbitals in the atom.
Problem Set 1
Chapters 1-2
BILD10 / Winter 2014
Traver
15) What are the chemical properties of atoms whose valence shells are filled with electrons?
A) They form ionic bonds in aqueous solutions.
B) They form covalent bonds in aqueous solutions.
C) They are stable and chemically unreactive or inert.
D) They exhibit similar chemical behaviors.
E) Both C and D are correct.
16) What is the valence of an atom with six electrons in its outer electron shell?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
E)
5
17) A covalent chemical bond is one in which
A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become
oppositely charged.
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms.
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both.
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom.
E) inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer electron shell of another atom.
18) When two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form
A) equal numbers of isotopes.
B) ions.
C) polar covalent bonds.
D) nonpolar covalent bonds.
E) ionic bonds.
19) One liter of a solution with a pH of 2 has _____ hydrogen ions (H+) than 1 L of a solution with a pH of 6?
A) 4 times more
B) 400 times more
C) 4000 times more
D) 10,000 times more
E) 100,000 times more
20) Which property of the carbon atom gives it compatibility with a greater number of different elements than any
other type of atom?
A) Carbon forms ionic bonds.
B) Carbon has six to eight neutrons.
C) Carbon has a valence of 4.
D) Only A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
21) How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
E)
8
Problem Set 1
Chapters 1-2
BILD10 / Winter 2014
Traver
22) The carbon present in all organic molecules _______
A) is derived from carbon dioxide.
B) is processed into sugars through photosynthesis.
C) is incorporated into organic molecules by plants.
D) two of the above.
E) all of the above.
23) What is the reason why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water?
A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages.
B) The majority of their bonds are non-polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages.
C) They are hydrophilic.
D) They are lighter than water.
E) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.
24) Proteins fold into define shapes to be functional.
A) Do all proteins have a quarternary structure? Explain.
Quaternary structure refers to the association of more than one distinct polypeptide with one another in a
protein complex. Since some polypeptides exist independently as a single polypeptide chain (apart from any
complex), not all proteins possess quaternary structure.
B) List two types of secondary structure.
Alpha-Helices and Beta-sheets are two types of secondary structure.
25) All of the following nitrogen bases are found in DNA except
A)
uracil.
B)
adenine.
C)
thymine
D)
guanine.
E)
cytosine.
26) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of nitrogenous bases 5’ ATTGCA3’, the other complementary
strand would have the sequence
A)
5’TAACGT3’
B)
3’TAACGT5’
C)
5’UAACGU3’
D)
3’UAACGU5’
E)
5’UGCAAU3’