The Ottoman Empire and its
End
SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in
Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century.
a. Explain how European partitioning in Southwest Asia (Middle
East) after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional
conflict.
Beginnings 1299
• The Ottoman Empire
began in 1299 in Turkey
• Osman a Turkish warrior
was Muslim and had
followers called Ottomans.
• Osman conquered the last
of the Byzantines and the
Ottoman Empire began.
• Osman became the first
Sultan
Osman, Turkish
warrior,
conquered the
last of the
Byzantine Empire
Growth
• By 1451 the Ottomans
controlled much of the
Middle East.
• Constantinople was its
capital and a center of
learning and culture.
• By 1500 they controlled
the eastern
Mediterranean, Northern
Africa, and parts of
Arabia.
1451
1500
Ottomans
controlled
much of
Middle East
Ottomans
controlled
eastern
Mediterranean
Northern
Africa and
parts of Arabia
• Suleyman ruled from
1520 to 1566 and
became known as the
greatest ottoman
ruler.
1520
to
1586
Suleyman ruled;
Greatest Ottoman ruler
Decline
• After Suleyman’s death the empire began
to decline over the next 300 years.
• It would gain and lose territory over those
300 years.
• By the 20th century it was weak and
became known as the Sick man of
Europe.
1914
•
Empire is
known as
the Sick Man
of Europe;
entered WWI
sided with
central
powers
The Ottoman Empire in 1914 was commonly known as 'the sick man of
Europe', a sign that the once-great power was crumbling.
The Turks had dominated the Eastern Mediterranean for half a millennium,
controlling vast swathes of Central Europe, Arab lands as far down as
Egypt and had at one stage been knocking on the doors of Vienna and
Venice.
By the 20th century all that remained in Ottoman hands outside Turkey was
Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine and parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
The End
• During World War I the
Ottomans sided with the
Central powers
• The British overtook Jerusalem
and Baghdad from the
Ottomans
• Arabia then followed and rose
up against the Ottoman rule
• By 1918 the empire collapsed
1918
Ottoman
Empire
collapsed
After WWI
• In 1920, the Treaty of
Sevres split the Ottoman
territory up between the
Allied or Western powers.
• France was given Syria
and Lebanon
• The British controlled
Palestine and Iraq
• Turkey was independent.
1920
Treaty of
Sevres split
empire up
among Allied
and Western
powers
Consequences
• The Ottomans fought on the losing side
during WWI which led to the division of
former territories between France and
Britain
• Europeans did not take into account
religious and ethnic differences when
creating the boundaries for the new
countries.
• As a result there has been a lot of conflict.