Name_______________________________________
Class period__________________________________
The Makeup of Earth’s Layers and Their Densities Worksheet
1. What are the two components of density?_________________ & _____________.
2. What kind of a property is density?________________________.
3. Density represents how _____________packed together _________________ in a
substance are.
4. Density is always ____________________.
5. Whether you have one gram or one kilogram of gold, what will the density be?________
6. What famous scientist discovered density?___________________
7. What is the formula for computing density?___________________________
8. What scientific instrument do we use to find the mass of many objects?_____________
9. What does volume describe?_______________________________________________
10. How do you compute the volume of a regular shaped object?____________________
11. What method must I use to find the volume of an irregular object?__________________
12. Using the element chart on page 3, list all elements with a density between 6.0 and 8.0
g/cm3___________________________________________________________________
13. How did Archimedes determine if the silversmith was cheating the King of his
gold?___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
14. Substances can be distinguished between other substances by their _______________.
15. Archimedes ran down the street yelling out “Eureka”. In Latin, what does that word
mean?__________________________________________________________________
16. When the King’s crown displaced more water than the pure gold crown, what did that
mean to Archimedes?______________________________________________________
17. What determines if an object will float in a liquid?_______________________________
18. Warm air is ____________dense than cold air, so warm air will ____________________
while cold air will ___________________________.
19. What is the most common element found in the air?_____________________________
20. What other elements are found in the air?_____________________________________
21. Why can a mixture be easily
separated?_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
22. Here are 4 density problems. Do your math and write your answers below:
a.______________________________________
b.______________________________________
c.______________________________________
d,______________________________________
23. What will more dense liquids do when poured into a container w/less dense
liquids?__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
24. How should the Earth materials land once they are placed into a bottle with water,
shaken up and allowed to
settle?__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
25. What are different sizes of matter called?_______________________________
26. What are the three (3) reasons that rocks all seem to group together>
A.______________________________________________________________________
B.______________________________________________________________________
C.______________________________________________________________________
27. What type of water is needed to move heavy and large objects in the
water?_____________________________________________________________________
28. Why type of objects can be carried by weaker currents of
water?___________________This also means that those particles are carried further.
29. The force of a stream of water increases when that stream is forced through a
___________canyon or ________________ or when it drops quickly in
_____________________.
30. Once the water has more room and slows down the current becomes ______________. This
allows ___________rocks and debris to be deposited at the end of the ______________flow
because the current is no longer __________enough to carry them. The _____________ rocks
and debris are carried further ______________________ until the current is too__________ to
carry them and they then settle to a stop.
31. What term is used to describe what is happening in #30 above. It is a term to describe how
particles are distributed._________________________
32. Sand is carried in water and deposited in areas with the weakest current. Where this sand
settles will become a __________________.
33. As Earth materials are deposited, they are sorted by ________________ and __________.
34. What do we call a combination of different materials that are mixed together but NOT
chemically combined?________________
35.When particles separate according to density, the _______dense particles will always settle
onto the ____________ and the _____________dense particles will always be on the
____________.
Layers by Composition
36. The least dense layer of the Earth is the _________________. This layer of the Earth has a
density of _____________________g/cm3
37. The most dense layer of the Earth is _____________the _________________.
The Crust
38. This is the least dense of the Earth’s ___________layers. The crust’s thickness ranges
from ________ to ___________km. The thickest spots are on land and called
_________________crust. The thinner parts of the crust are _________ the __________
and are called ___________crust.
39. The density of Earth’s crust is between ____________ and _____________g/cm3.
40. Why does water sit on top of Earth’s crust?________________________________
The Core
41. The very center part of the Earth is called the ___________.
The core is divided into the
______________core and the ________________core.
42. Which core is a solid ball?_______________ .What is this core’s diameter in
km?____________________________
43. Which core is liquid and about 2,200 km thick?_________________
44. What percent of the Earth does the core make up?___________
How deep can we go into Earth’s Interior?
45. How deep has the Earth’s crust been drilled into _______________ft or
_____________m or ______of the way into the crust in that area.
Density and Earth’s Layers
Referring to pages 17-18, answer the following questions:
46. Which gas makes up 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere?_________________
47. What is the density of the crust?________________________
48. What is the density of the Mantle?________________g/cm3
49. Name the 4 common materials of the
mantle___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
50. What is the density of the core (includes inner and outer)?________________________
FYI
51. Explain as clearly as you can, why the inner core is
solid.____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Seismic Waves
52. Geologists study ___________________waves to “see” Earth’s interior.
53. Seismic waves go _______________speeds through different ______________. They
change ____________when they go from one type of material to another.
54. Some seismic waves do not travel through ________________ or ____________,
55. P waves slow down when passing through a ______________. These waves
_____________speed when they reach a __________________ on the other side of the
liquid. The ________wave stops completely in_______________ Waves also travel faster
in materials that are more __________________.
The Mantle
56. Where is the mantle located at. It lies between two
things.___________________________________________________________________
57. What two parts is the mantle divided into?___________________ & ________________
58. What element is more commonly found in the mantle?______________________
Convection Currents
59. Sum up convection currents in four steps:
a.______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b.______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
C_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
D.______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Vocabulary Words
You need to copy each of the 10 new words into your journal. Be sure to number,
underline, and define