Ageing resistance
Ageing resistance of Hilti Firestop products
The enclosed pages are taken from the
Hilti Ageing resistance Brochure
Edition 2006
Please note the tables in this extract may be out of date
For Material Safety data sheets
visit the technical library at www.hilti.co.uk/cfs
Hilti (Gt Britain) Ltd
TECHNICAL ADVISORY SERVICE
TELEPHONE 0161 886 1144
Quality Management System Certification
Standard: ISO 9001:2008
Issued by: The Swiss Association for Quality and Management Systems SQS.
Registration No: 12455 (The current certificate can be downloaded from www.hilti.co.uk)
Field of activity: Market Organisation.
Note: The certificate of Hilti (Gt. Britain) Ltd. is a sub-certificate to the master certificate of Hilti
Aktiengesellschaft,FL-9494 Schaan with the field of activity: Research, Development, Manufacturing, Sales
and Service.
Hilti (Gt. Britain) Limited,
Telephone:
1 Trafford Wharf Road, Trafford Park, Manchester M17 1BY
0800 886 100
Ageing resistance
30 YEARS
Contents
Hilti Ageing resistance pages 2 - 11
30 YEARS
Standard details showing the assembly required to obtain the required acoustic performance can be found in the
product details in the Hilti Firestop specifiers binder or can be downloaded from the technical library.
CAD files of the standard details FS ***-** can be downloaded from the technical library at www.hilti.co.uk/cfs
Revision History
June 2011
May 2013
First release
Update
Hilti (Gt. Britain) Limited,
Telephone:
1 Trafford Wharf Road, Trafford Park, Manchester M17 1BY
0800 886 100
Ageing resistance
Content
1. Introduction
3
2. Basic principles of ageing resistance
4
3. Testing procedures and approvals
6
4. Additional tests carried out by Hilti
7
5. Long-term ageing resistance and lifetime
8
6. Tested systems from Hilti
9
Ageing resistance
1. Introduction
In addition to meeting the requirement of providing a reliable and lasting seal at a
fireproofed penetration or joint in a wall or floor, it is the effectiveness of a passive
firestopping system on exposure to fire, over the entire service life of a building, that
is of greatest importance.
Decades of practical experience have provided reliable figures concerning the
ageing resistance of building materials such as wood, masonry or concrete. Modern
firestopping systems, however, have been in use for only a few years. Determining
their resistance to ageing is thus a relatively complex task.
In order to be able to provide our clients with more definite information in this
respect, Hilti conducts additional tests of Hilti firestop systems in cooperation with
an independent testing institute, simulating an accelerated ageing process.
This brochure is intended to point out the general basics of the ageing process and
how they apply to Hilti firestop systems.
page 3
Ageing resistance
2. Basic principles of ageing resistance
Firestop systems consist of 3 main components:
• Binding agent / polymer matrix
• Firestopping additive
• Ancillary components (e.g. pigments, stabilizers, ….)
Binding agent / polymer matrix
Firestop systems often take familiar building materials (silicone compounds,
acrylates, PU foams, etc) as a basis. For these materials, figures are available from
up to 30 years of practical experience, and from ageing tests carried out by official
materials testing institutes.
The polymer matrix has the task of binding the firestopping additive together and
supporting the function this additive fulfills. It is important that the polymer matrix
remains stable during the ageing process and that the firestopping additive does not
lose its effectiveness. The product can then be relied on to function as intended in
the event of a fire.
Firestopping additives
This is the term applied to the components which form a stable crust (ablative
system) or which foam up significantly (intumescent system) on exposure to fire.
Firestopping additives may lose their effectiveness during the course of time they
(e.g. through decomposition) they may undergo change due to the effect of moisture
or they may be leached or washed out.
Ancillary components
This group of ancillary components comprises various materials. The additives
designed to make the product flexible are one example. Frost protection agents,
pigment additives or stabilizers also belong to this group. With materials of this kind
there is a risk of migration into neighbouring substrates, or the substances may be
leached out by moisture. This may cause firestopping products to lose certain
important additional properties, such as elasticity.
Possible failure modes
Almost all products are damaged to some extent by UV radiation, moisture,
chemicals or temperature extremes. Of these moisture and temperature variations
have the greatest effect on firestop systems, as these are generally used for
applications in the interior of buildings. Standards exist, according to which
influences such as these can be specially tested. The test institutes provide
certification of a particular property, without giving a definite period of time. It can
thus be expected that the product is fully suitable for the intended applications.
page 4
Ageing resistance
Possible failure modes
Failure caused by
Heat (in buildings: 30°C – 60°C):
softening, chemical decomposition
Cold: embrittlement and fracture
High-energy radiation:
UV radiation, radioactive radiation
Chemical influences:
such as cleaning agents, oil, ozone, chlorine
Water and moisture:
leaching or washing out of components
Mechanical loads:
embrittlement and fracture due to movement
Migration of components:
loss of flexibility
Mould and mildew:
decomposition of polymer chains
due to fungus or bacteria
Polymer
matrix
Firestopping
additives
Other
components
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
page 5
Ageing resistance
3. Testing procedures and approvals
Regulations currently exist in only a few cases, for example in countries such as
Germany and the USA.
Age testing of firestop systems for the purpose of obtaining the general
construction supervisory authority approval in Germany simulates the ageing of test
specimens without subjection to a subsequent fire test.
In addition to this, Hilti also tests the previously aged firestop modules in accordance
with DIN 4102, which includes a standard firetest.
Tests required for obtaining building material approval in Germany
The German approval body ”Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBT)” specifies the
testing of ageing due to the effect of heat, long-term exposure to moisture, and the
short-term chemical resistance to substances in paint or coatings, oil, gasoline and
solvents.
Test plan
Each of the following tests requires to be carried out:
• 21 days storage in alternating dry / damp conditions, accelerated ageing
• 15 days condensation test in accordance with DIN 50017
• 40 days storage at a temperature of 80°C
• Compatibility with substances in paint or coatings: The specimens are given a
single coat of various paints and subsequently allowed to dry
• Resistance to solvents and oil: The specimens are immersed for 2 minutes in butyl
acetate, heating oil, butanol and white spirit and subsequently allowed to dry
Evaluation
The specimens prepared as described are subsequently subjected to the following
tests:
• Visual comparison with specimens in original (untested) condition
• Assessment of change in appearance and characteristics (e.g. elasticity)
• Determination of characteristics on exposure to fire
• Determination of foaming height
• Determination of expansion pressure
In addition to this, the construction material is tested again after long-term storage
for 2, 5 and 10 years.
These test criteria were developed on the basis of experience gained in ageing tests
with construction materials of various kinds and the results obtained are
representative of the quality of a construction material after a certain duration of use.
From the positive test results, the DIBT provides confirmation of the construction
material’s ageing resistance under normal conditions of use over the service life of a
building.
page 6
Ageing resistance
Testing in accordance with UL 1479
Since May 2006, the US testing institute Underwriters Laboratories (UL) has also
specified an ageing test, similar to the German approval test, for intumescent
firestopping systems.
This requires the test specimens to be stored under the following conditions:
• 180 days at 35°C and 97% relative humidity
• 270 days 70°C
Foaming height and foaming pressure are subsequently determined and compared
with the values for specimens before ageing.
As an alternative to the laboratory simulation, a complete firestopping module may
be put through the ageing process and subsequently subjected to a fire test.
In addition, UL 1479 specifies that test specimens, depending on the expected
conditions of use, are to be stored and aged in the following climates:
• Alternate cold / warm temperatures
• SO2-atmosphere
• Salt spray mist
• Atmosphere containing solvents
page 7
Ageing resistance
4. Additional tests carried out by Hilti
In addition to the tests required by the approval process, Hilti has conducted further
tests to confirm the long-term suitability of Hilti firestop systems. These are oriented
toward the methods used to simulate the ageing of concrete.
Following the principles of the DAfSTb guideline ”The protection and repair of
concrete structural components” issued by the German committee for reinforced
concrete ”Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton”, fully assembled test modules
consisting of firestop products and penetration components are subjected to a
weathering process.
During the test, the specimens are subjected to the following weathering cycle 20
times – see diagram.
Temperature in °C
Weathering cycle
Storage under water
Time in h
Hilti CP 651 and FS-one test modules
Storage under water in a climatic chamber
On the basis of experience, concrete structural components which survive this
weathering test can be expected to have a service life of approx. 30 years.
This weathering test is so extreme that many materials used for the construction of
walls and floors, in which Hilti firestop systems are installed, suffer damage.
Hilti firestop systems are thus subjected to conditions more extreme than those that
occur in practice.
A fire test in accordance with DIN 4102 is conducted after completion of the
weathering test cycles. The results are then compared with those for modules which
have not undergone the ageing process.
page 8
Ageing resistance
5. Long-term ageing resistance and lifetime
The expected long-term ageing resistance of Hilti firestop systems, which is given on
the basis of the tests conducted, depends on a number of factors over which Hilti
has little or no control, such as:
• Strict adherence to the instructions for use, the installation instructions and other
technical instructions issued by Hilti
• Environmental factors such as extreme climatic conditions
• Any necessary regular checking and maintenance during the service life of the
Hilti firestop system
• etc.
The long-term ageing resistance of a firestop system is indicated by its fulfillment of
the basic requirements for approval. This does not supply any information about its
actual duration of resistance to ageing (service life).
By carrying out additional ageing tests which simulate extreme conditions,
Hilti provides its customers with an even greater safety margin in terms of the
expected service life of the Hilti firestop system.
On the basis of the ageing cycles employed in this process as well as experience
gained in the field of construction in concrete, it can be assumed that Hilti firestop
systems have a service life of approximately 30 years.
page 9
Ageing resistance
6. Tested systems from Hilti
Product
CCP 601S
CP 604
CP 606
CP 611A
CP 612 (FS-One)
CP 617
CP 620
CP 632
CP 636
CP 637
CP 638
CP 643N / CP 644
CP 645
CP 648
CP 651
CP 657
CP 670 / CP 673
CP 672
CP 675 with CP 619
✓ = tested
O = not relevant
page 10
Ageing as
per DIBT
O
O
O
✓
✓
O
✓
O
✓
O
O
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
O
O
Ageing as
per DAfSTB
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Fire test after
ageing
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ageing resistance
This brochure was produced by Hilti Corporation,
FL-9494 Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein.
page 11