S202_UT3_A_grade_20/25
Please answer all questions with reference to the following case.
Glen had recently joined the TACT community centre. To promote community bonding, inclusivity and healthy lifestyle,
he was tasked to organise a community sport carnival targeting at people from the nearby neighbourhoods. The
composition of the community profile is estimated to be as follows:
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35% adolescents and youths (of which 10% had been identified as youth-at-risks)
15% young couple (with child below age of 5yrs)
10% working adults (age 21 and above)
5% persons with physical disabilities (on wheelchair)
35% elderly residents (age 65yrs and above)
Glen realised from the trends of past events organized by the community centre that it had been particularly
challenging to engage the youth-at-risk, the disability groups and the elderly profiles, especially when they are all
grouped together. However, as these groups make up 50% of the population in these neighbourhoods, he wants to do
more for them and thus decided that they will be the main target groups for the coming community sport carnival.
1.
Glen is aware that scientists and health experts have successfully identified many key factors that place elderly,
children and adolescents at risk of experiencing behavioural health disorders or injuries from sports participation.
These may include biological and genetic factors, acute or chronic physical dysfunction, and environmental
conditions and stresses. Identify and explain to Glen, two risk factors (each) associated with the elderly and youthat-risk groups. [4 marks]
Two risk factors associated with elderly are biological risk factor and environmental risk factor. For biological risk
factor, an elderly experience loss in muscle strength, and thus when they play sports, they are prone to falling due
to this issue and poor balance. For environmental risk factor, the playing area may cause a hazard to the elderly
because the presence of opponents or equipment used may cause them to get injuries.
Two risk factors for youths-at-risk are biological and genetic risk factor, and also the environmental conditions and
stresses. For biological and genetic risk factor, some youths are born with heart conditions that will limit them to
the type of physical activities they can participate. For environmental conditions and stresses, some youth-at-risk
may not be able to cope with the stress of a sport, and may result in violence, causing injuries.
Marks: 4 out of 4
2.
“No group of people should be deprived of full participation in and enjoyment of the built environment or be made
less equal than others due to any form or degree of disability” (Independent Living Institute, 2007). Highlight the
guiding principles to achieve this goal, and elaborate on three built-environment considerations Glen should
consider in the selection of a suitable place for the event. Give an example for each of the consideration suggested.
[8 marks]
The guiding principles to achieve this goal are (1) it should be possible to reach all places of the built environment,
(2) it should be possible to enter all places within the built environment, (3) it should be possible to make use of all
facilities within the built environment and (4) it should be possible to reach, enter and use all facilities in the built
environment without being made to feel that one is an object of charity.
Three built-environment considerations Glen should consider in the selection of a suitable place for the event are
accessibility, safety and usability.
S202_UT3_A_grade_20/25
For accessibility, the built-environment should be easily accessed for all people, including the elderly and persons
with disabilities (on wheelchair). This is to allow everyone to reach the venue without much issue.
For safety, the built-environment should be safe for all, including the elderly and persons with disabilities. It
should also be hazard free to minimize risks of unwanted occurrence such an injuries or accidents.
For usability, the built-environment should be designed in such a way that all people, including the elderly and
persons with disabilities can use, and also enjoy it.
Marks: 6.5 out of 8
3.
Being a national basketball player, Glen is particularly interested in this sport. He is curious about how he can
integrate this sport to encourage participation across the three diverse profiles that he is targeting at. Advise Glen
on an integration framework for sport participation, and propose the most suitable level of integration Glen
should offer in this game of basketball at the carnival. Justify your proposal with an example that Glen can
consider. [5 marks]
According to the Winnick (2005) Integration Continuum for Sport Participation, there are 5 different levels. For
level 1, it is regular sports (fully integrated). For level 2, it is regular sports with accommodation. For level 3, it is
regular and adapted. For level 4, it is adapted sport. For level 5, it is adapted sport segregated.
The most suitable level of integration Glen should offer in this game of basketball at the carnival would be level 4,
adapted sport. In the carnival, which involves youths-at risk- adults, elderly and people with physical disabilities
(on wheelchair), level 4 (adapted sport) is most suitable because it considers the needs to the different groups of
people, so that they can all participate together and make their presence felt.
For level 4 (adapted sport), since there are elderly and wheelchair-bound participants, the rules of the basketball
match will be modified, and those abled-body and disabled will play with the same rule. For example, the duration
of the game should be lower down as elderly have lower endurance level and may not last throughout entire
game. The shot clock of 24 seconds rule should be removed because elderly and wheelchair-bound participants
would take a longer time to dribble and pass the ball around to score, from their half to the opponent's half.
Marks: 3.5 out of 5
4.
Modifying activities to meet the needs of individuals with differing abilities is critical to the success of any program.
Determine two functional differences possible for each of the disability and elderly profiles in the game of
basketball; and recommend a modification for each functional difference. [8 marks]
Two functional differences for wheelchair-bound are they move around using wheelchair instead of legs, and
range of motion is limited. Wheel-chair bound individuals move around using wheelchair. A modification that can
be done is to allow the use of wheel-chair during the game. For limited range of motion, a way to modify the
activity is, in a game of basketball, no one is allowed to defend against the wheel-chair bound participants. This is
to allow him to move around during the activity, and make or receive passes so that he will feel his presence as a
team player during the activity.
Two functional differences for elderly are weak in balancing and low endurance level. For weak in balancing, a way
to modify an activity is the playing surface. Ensure that the playing surface is smooth in order to minimize falls and
allow the elderly to balance better while taking part in activities. For low endurance level, a way to modify an
activity is to lower the duration of the game in order to allow elderly can cope with it.
Marks: 6 out of 8