Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Joint Undertaking
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Applications in the Energy Sector
Bert De Colvenaer, Executive Director
Smart grid School, 9 October 2013
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Presentation outline
• What are Fuel Cells and what is Hydrogen ?
• Why Europe Union is interested ?
• Who is the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking ?
• What are we doing ?
• Q&A
2
Presentation outline
• What are Fuel Cells and what is Hydrogen ?
• Why Europe Union is interested ?
• Who is the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking ?
• What are we doing ?
• Q&A
3
Electricity
• Electromagnetic induction : where an electrical generator transforms
kinetic energy into electricity (ex. dynamo)
• Photoelectric effect : the transformation of light into electrical energy
(ex. solar cells)
• Electrochemistry : the direct transformation of chemical energy into
electricity (ex. battery, fuel cell)
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Static electricity : from the physical separation and transport of charge (ex.
lightning)
Thermoelectric effect : the direct conversion of temperature differences to
electricity (ex. thermocouples)
Piezoelectric effect : from the mechanical strain of electrically anisotropic
molecules or crystals.
Nuclear transformation : the creation and acceleration of charged particles.
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Fuel Cell
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Hydrogen
• At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless,
odorless, nonmetallic tasteless, highly combustible diatomic gas
with the molecular formula H2.
• Industrial production is mainly from the steam reforming of
natural gas (CH4), and less often from more energy-intensive
hydrogen production methods like the electrolysis of water (H20).
• Most hydrogen is used near its production site, with the two largest
uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and
ammonia (NH3) production, mostly for the fertilizer market.
• Hydrogen (H2) is a new energy vector
is not a new source of energy
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Hydrogen production
Main sources of hydrogen on earth:
Water : H2O
Hydrocarbon (like natural gas : CH4)
Thermal reaction with methane
2CH4 + O2 < === > 2CO + 4H2
Electrochemical decomposition of water (electrolysis)
2H2O < === > 2H2 + O2
Thermal reactions with water
C + H2O < === > H2 + CO
CO + H2O < === > CO2 + H2
Thermal decomposition of water (thermolysis)
2H2O < === > 2H2 + O2
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Fuel Cell Advantages
➔ High efficiency
➔ Quiet
➔ No emissions
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Examples
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Hydrogen as “smart link”
Conversion of electrical into chemical power
© Siemens AG
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HYDROGEN IN THE ENERGY LANDSCAPE
Hydrogen is closing the loop between energy
generation, distribution and demand, enabling
clean load balancing for conventional and
renewable power generation
»Maximise utilisation of existing assets and infrastructure
on marginal cost basis
»Works together with natural gas, electricity, fossil fuels
and renewables...at bulk with large-scale energy storage
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Energy Storage
• Currently under
development by
Enertrag, Vattenfall,
Total
• Wind farm with direct
coupling to electrolyser
• Hydrogen storage
• Utilization of hydrogen
in small scale CHP and
for external use
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Options to address ‘grid storage’ are limited
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Hydrogen storage in purpose-designed salt caverns
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Underground storages in Germany
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Existing hydrogen caverns
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Hurdles for Commercialization
• Availability of hydrogen and availability of FC products
• Low production volumes mean high costs
Mass production is necessary to achieve cost targets
• Use of expensive materials like noble metal catalysts
• Fuel cells are competing with established technologies
Competing energy technologies have political support
• Public acceptance (Safety, Reliability, Durability, Awareness, …) is
necessary for the market success
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Presentation outline
• What are Fuel Cells and what is Hydrogen ?
• Why Europe Union is interested ?
• Who is the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking ?
• What are we doing ?
• Q&A
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European Policy Challenges
• Sustainable development
• Security of supply
• Competitiveness
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The FCH JTI in the SET plan
The European
Industrial
Bioenergy The European
CO2 Capture,
Initiative
The European
Transport and
Wind Initiative
Storage
Initiative
The Solar
Europe
Initiative
Energy
Efficiency –
The Smart
Cities Initiative
SET
plan
The
Sustainable
Nuclear
Initiative
EU targets :
20 % increase in renewables
20 % increase in efficiency
20 % decrease in emissions
The European
Electricity Grid
Initiative
The Fuel Cells
and Hydrogen
(FCH) Joint
Technology
Initiative
Fuel Cell and Hydrogen
Joint Undertaking



FCH JU : community body
Budget : 940 M €
FCH JU Programme Office21
450 = RTD : 315 ENER : 120 MOVE : 15
Presentation outline
• What are Fuel Cells and what is Hydrogen ?
• Why Europe Union is interested ?
• Who is the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking ?
• What are we doing ?
• Q&A
22
Public-private partnership
Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking
Industry Grouping
Over 60 members
European Union
represented by the
European Commission
To accelerate the
Research Grouping
Over 60 members
development of
technology base
towards market
deployment
of FCH
technologies
from 2015 onwards
Both the Industry Grouping and the Research Grouping are non-profit organisations with open membership
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Presentation outline
• What are Fuel Cells and what is Hydrogen ?
• Why Europe Union is interested ?
• Who is the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking ?
• What are we doing ?
• Call for proposals : grants
• Fuel Cell and Hydrogen deployment : study on strategy
• Q&A
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100 (+ 28) FCH JU funded projects
19 projects
TRANSPORTATION
6 demo
& REFUELLING
13 research
INFRASTRUCTURE
2 studies
HYDROGEN
PRODUCTION &
DISTRIBUTION
STATIONARY
POWER
GENERATION
& CHP
21 projects
1 demo
20 research
36 projects
6 demo
30 research
15 project
EARLY MARKETS
8 demo
7 research
1 study
CROSS - CUTTING 9 project
RCS, Safety, Education, PNR, …
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NEXPEL
Next-Generation PEM Electrolyser
For Sustainable Hydrogen Production
An efficient PEM electrolyser integrated with
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) will be
constructed and demonstrated.
Goals: improvement of components,
reduce cost and improve stability : 75 %
efficiency and 40.000 h lifetime
Advanced stack design using components
suitable for mass production and highly
efficient power electronics.
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FCH JU Achievements Hydrogen
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•
•
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Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) water electrolysis
Alkaline electrolysis coupled with renewable energy source
Intermediate temperature steam electrolysis
Photo electrochemical water decomposition
Solar thermochemical production
Hydrogen production from biomass
Steam reforming of fuels
Reforming of (bio)diesel
• The purification of hydrogen and its separation from other gas mixtures
• Solid-state storage
• High pressure gas storage and delivery
• Liquid phase storage
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Ene.field project
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Demonstration of up to 1000
residential fuel cell µCHP (1-5 kW)
units from 9 manufacturers in 12
EU member states
Establish supply chains, validate
new routes to market, stimulate
cost
reduction
for
final
commercial deployment
FCH JU Target
State of the Art
Expected performance
Electrical efficiency (min) 35%
30 %
35 % – 50 %
Overall efficiency > 85% (LHV)
70 % – 85 %
Up to 90 %
Lifetime : of 8 - 10 years
3 years
Up to 8 years
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fitup
Fuel cell field test demonstration of economic
and environmental viability for portable generators,
backup and UPS power system applications
• Field test 15 market ready
systems
• 6 systems tested in R&D centres
• Uniform procedures for
certification
Presentation outline
• What are Fuel Cells and what is Hydrogen ?
• Why Europe Union is interested ?
• Who is the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking ?
• What are we doing ?
• Call for proposals : grants
• Fuel Cell and Hydrogen deployment : study on strategy
• Q&A
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A portfolio of power-trains
for Europe
Publication: 8 November 2010
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Available on http://fch-ju.eu
Battery and fuel cell vehicles can achieve low emissions
C/D SEGMENT
CO2 emissions
gCO2 / km
200
2010
ICE – gasoline1
180
160
ICE – diesel1
2010
140
120
2010
2050
100
2050
PHEV
80
60
2010
40
BEV
20
FCEV
Low emissions and high range
2050
2050
0
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
Range
km
H2 mobility in Germany
 Initiative gathering the German government and industrial
companies
 200 to 500 hydrogen refuelling stations in 2020,
distributed all over the country
 150 000 to 500 000 FCEVs on the roads in 2020
2015
2020
2030
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Invitation General Assembly
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Thank you for your attention !
Further info :
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FCH JU : http://fch-ju.eu
NEW-IG : http://www.fchindustry-jti.eu
N.ERGHY : http://www.nerghy.eu
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